C60 fullerene-pentoxifylline dyad nanoparticles enhance autophagy to avoid cytotoxic effects caused by the β-amyloid peptide

Zheng, 2006, Oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease: the autophagy connection?, Autophagy, 2, 143, 10.4161/auto.2.2.2444 Zhang, 2009, Oxidative stress induces parallel autophagy and mitochondria dysfunction in human glioma U251 cells, Toxicol Sci, 110, 376, 10.1093/toxsci/kfp101 Harhaji-Trajkovic, 2009, AMPK-mediated autophagy inhibits apoptosis in cisplatin-treated tumor cells, J Cell Mol Med, 13, 3644, 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00663.x Black, 1992, Pentoxifylline in cerebrovascular dementia, J Am Geriatr Soc, 40, 237, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02075.x Solerte, 2000, Hemorheological changes and overproduction of cytokines from immune cells in mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type: adverse effects on cerebromicrovascular system, Neurobiol Aging, 21, 271, 10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00105-6 Pantoni, 2004, Treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from trials with non-cholinergic drugs, J Neurol Sci, 226, 67, 10.1016/j.jns.2004.09.014 Hemmer, 1997, Supportive pentoxifylline in falciparum malaria: no effect on tumor necrosis factor alpha levels or clinical outcome: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 56, 397, 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.397 Sitharaman, 2008, Water-soluble fullerene (C60) derivatives as nonviral gene-delivery vectors, Mol Pharm, 5, 567, 10.1021/mp700106w Dugan, 1997, Carboxyfullerenes as neuroprotective agents, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 9434, 10.1073/pnas.94.17.9434 Podolski, 2007, Effects of hydrated forms of C60 fullerene on amyloid 1-peptide fibrillization in vitro and performance of the cognitive task, J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 7, 1479, 10.1166/jnn.2007.330 Gharbi, 2005, [60]fullerene is a powerful antioxidant in vivo with no acute or subacute toxicity, Nano Lett, 5, 2578, 10.1021/nl051866b Behl, 2002, Antioxidant neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease as preventive and therapeutic approach, Free Radic Biol Med, 33, 182, 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00883-3 Wong-Ekkabut, 2008, Computer simulation study of fullerene translocation through lipid membranes, Nat Nanotechnol, 3, 363, 10.1038/nnano.2008.130 Yamago, 1995, In vivo biological behavior of a water-miscible fullerene: 14C labeling, absorption, distribution, excretion and acute toxicity, Chem Biol, 2, 385, 10.1016/1074-5521(95)90219-8 Huang, 2008, Synthesis and anti-inflammation evaluation of new C60 fulleropyrrolidines bearing biologically active xanthine, Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 18, 99, 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.004 Huang, 2008, Development and biological evaluation of C(60) fulleropyrrolidine-thalidomide dyad as a new anti-inflammation agent, Bioorg Med Chem, 16, 8619, 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.004 Lin, 2008, Structure-activity relationship of coumarin derivatives on xanthine oxidase-inhibiting and free radical-scavenging activities, Biochem Pharmacol, 75, 1416, 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.11.023 Harman, 2009, HIV-1-infected dendritic cells show 2 phases of gene expression changes, with lysosomal enzyme activity decreased during the second phase, Blood, 114, 85, 10.1182/blood-2008-12-194845 Chang, 2007, Structure-activity relationship of C6-C3 phenylpropanoids on xanthine oxidase-inhibiting and free radical-scavenging activities, Free Radic Biol Med, 43, 1541, 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.08.018 Keller, 1998, Increased sensitivity to mitochondrial toxin-induced apoptosis in neural cells expressing mutant presenilin-1 is linked to perturbed calcium homeostasis and enhanced oxyradical production, J Neurosci, 18, 4439, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-12-04439.1998 Verhoeven, 2005, The mitochondrial membrane potential in human platelets: a sensitive parameter for platelet quality, Transfusion, 45, 82, 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04023.x Huang, 2008, Protective effects of Angelica sinensis extract on amyloid β-peptide-induced neurotoxicity, Phytomedicine, 15, 710, 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.022 Nakka, 2009, Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays critical role in brain damage after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats, Neurotox Res, 17, 189, 10.1007/s12640-009-9110-5 Soccio, 2005, Differential gene regulation of StarD4 and StarD5 cholesterol transfer proteins. Activation of StarD4 by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and StarD5 by endoplasmic reticulum stress, J Biol Chem, 280, 19410, 10.1074/jbc.M501778200 Szaraz, 2010, Altered redox state of luminal pyridine nucleotides facilitates the sensitivity towards oxidative injury and leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress dependent autophagy in HepG2 cells, Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 42, 157, 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.10.004 Hoyer-Hansen, 2007, Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β, and Bcl-2, Mol Cell, 25, 193, 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.12.009 Kroemer, 2008, Autophagic cell death: the story of a misnomer, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 9, 1004, 10.1038/nrm2529 Huang, 2009, A novel function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in modulation of autophagy and necrosis under oxidative stress, Cell Death Differ, 16, 264, 10.1038/cdd.2008.151 Pickford, 2008, The autophagy-related protein beclin 1 shows reduced expression in early Alzheimer disease and regulates amyloid β accumulation in mice, J Clin Invest, 118, 2190 Sasnauskiene, 2009, Damage targeted to the mitochondrial interior induces autophagy, cell cycle arrest and, only at high doses, apoptosis, Autophagy, 5, 743, 10.4161/auto.5.5.8701 Cheng, 2009, Autophagy inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis via activating p38-nuclear factor-κB survival pathways in oridonin-treated murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells, FEBS J, 276, 1291, 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06864.x Marlatt, 2008, Alzheimer's disease: cerebrovascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and advanced clinical therapies, J Alzheimers Dis, 15, 199, 10.3233/JAD-2008-15206 Gilmore, 2008, Novel nanomaterials for clinical neuroscience, J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 3, 83, 10.1007/s11481-007-9099-6 Sha, 2003, The efficacy of pentoxifylline in the treatment of vascular dementia: a systematic review, Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 17, 46, 10.1097/00002093-200301000-00006 Beshay, 2001, The phosphodiesterase inhibitors pentoxifylline and rolipram suppress macrophage activation and nitric oxide production in vitro and in vivo, Clin Immunol, 98, 272, 10.1006/clim.2000.4964 Andres-Barquin, 1999, Id4 expression induces apoptosis in astrocytic cultures and is down-regulated by activation of the cAMP-dependent signal transduction pathway, Exp Cell Res, 247, 347, 10.1006/excr.1998.4360 Sliwa, 2004, Therapy of ischemic cardiomyopathy with the immunomodulating agent pentoxifylline: results of a randomized study, Circulation, 109, 750, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000112568.48837.60 Boucher, 2006, Reduction of apoptosis in the amygdala by an A2A adenosine receptor agonist following myocardial infarction, Apoptosis, 11, 1067, 10.1007/s10495-006-6313-6 Memmott, 2009, Akt-dependent and -independent mechanisms of mTOR regulation in cancer, Cell Signal, 21, 656, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.01.004 Lao, 2009, Fullerene nanoparticles selectively enter oxidation-damaged cerebral microvessel endothelial cells and inhibit JNK-related apoptosis, ACS Nano, 3, 3358, 10.1021/nn900912n