Extinction of experience: the loss of human–nature interactions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment - Tập 14 Số 2 - Trang 94-101 - 2016
Masashi Soga1, Kevin J. Gaston2
1Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK

Tóm tắt

Increasingly, people are becoming less likely to have direct contact with nature (natural environments and their associated wildlife) in their everyday lives. Over 20 years ago, Robert M Pyle termed this ongoing alienation the “extinction of experience”, but the phenomenon has continued to receive surprisingly limited attention. Here, we present current understanding of the extinction of experience, with particular emphasis on its causes and consequences, and suggest future research directions. Our review illustrates that the loss of interaction with nature not only diminishes a wide range of benefits relating to health and well‐being, but also discourages positive emotions, attitudes, and behavior with regard to the environment, implying a cycle of disaffection toward nature. Such serious implications highlight the importance of reconnecting people with nature, as well as focusing research and public policy on addressing and improving awareness of the extinction of experience.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1371/journal.pone.0023152

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00434.x

10.1177/001391602237248

10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00976

10.1177/0013916510385082

10.2304/ciec.2004.5.1.10

10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.08.002

10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.11.001

10.1073/pnas.1503402112

10.1111/cobi.12215

England Marketing.2009.Report to Natural England on childhood and nature: a survey on changing relationships with nature across generations.Cambridgeshire UK:England Marketing.

10.1080/01490400590930853

10.1016/j.ufug.2013.04.003

10.1126/science.1150195

10.1186/1471-2458-6-149

10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443

10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.11.001

10.13085/eIJTUR.6.1.26-47

10.1371/journal.pone.0086598

10.1177/00139169921972056

10.1038/srep11610

Kellert SR, 2002, Children and nature: psychological, sociocultural, and evolutionary investigations

10.3390/ijerph10030913

10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00827.x

10.1371/journal.pone.0087422

10.1016/j.ufug.2010.01.001

10.1136/jech.2008.079038

10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.10.001

10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.013

10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.01.005

Nabhan GP, 1993, The biophilia hypothesis

10.1016/j.ufug.2007.05.003

10.1177/0013916508318748

10.1177/0013916598302006

10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89171-5

10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.001

Pyle RM, 1993, The thunder tree: lessons from an urban wildland

10.1007/s10531-006-9144-4

10.1089/eco.2013.0104

10.1093/biosci/biv032

10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.003

10.1136/jech.2007.064287

10.1136/jech.56.12.913

10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0585:GUATSO]2.0.CO;2

10.1186/1476-069X-9-74

10.1177/0013916507300119

10.1353/cye.2006.0031

10.4159/9780674045231

Wilson EO, 1993, The biophilia hypothesis

10.1016/j.biocon.2014.06.011

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

Tập 14 Số 2

94-101

Thông tin tác giả