Is Television Viewing Time a Marker of a Broader Pattern of Sedentary Behavior?
Tóm tắt
Television (TV) viewing time is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes; associations are stronger and more consistent in women. One explanation of this difference may be that TV viewing is a marker of an overall pattern of sedentary behavior in women. We sought to examine associations of TV viewing time with other sedentary behaviors and with leisure-time physical activity in a large sample of Australian adults. Adults aged between 20 and 65 years (n = 2,046) completed a self-administered questionnaire on TV viewing, five other leisure-time sedentary behaviors, and leisure-time physical activity. Mean adjusted time spent in other sedentary behaviors and in physical activity was compared across TV-time categories previously shown to be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. After adjustment for body mass index and socio-demographic variables, women’s time spent watching TV was associated positively with time in other sedentary behaviors and negatively with leisure-time physical activity, but no such associations were observed in men. TV viewing time may be a robust marker of a sedentary lifestyle in women but not in men. Gender differences in the pattern of sedentary behaviors may explain at least in part the gender differences in the previously reported associations of TV viewing time with biological attributes related to type 2 diabetes.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Owen N, et al. Physical activity and television viewing in relation to risk of undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism in adults. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 2603–2609.
Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Healy GN, et al. Association of television viewing with fasting and 2-hr post-challenge plasma glucose levels in adults without diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 516–522.
Bertrais S, Beyeme-Ondoua JP, Czernichow S, et al. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged French subjects. Obes Res. 2005; 13: 936–944.
Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Owen N, et al. Associations of TV viewing and physical activity with the metabolic syndrome in Australian adults. Diabetologia. 2005; 48: 2254–2261.
Buckworth J, Nigg C. Physical activity, exercise, and sedentary behavior in college students. J. Am Coll Health. 2004; 53: 28–34.
Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon J, et al. Objectively measured light-intensity physical activity is independently associated with 2-h plasma glucose. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 1384–1389.
Jeffery RW, French SA. Epidemic obesity in the United States: Are fast foods and television viewing contributing? Am J Public Health. 1998; 88: 277–280.
Hamilton M, Hamilton D, Zderic T. Exercise physiology versus inactivity physiology: An essential concept for understanding lipoprotein lipase regulation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2004; 32: 161–166.
du Toit L, Cerin E, Leslie E. An account of spatially based survey methods and recruitment outcomes of the Physical Activity in Localities and Community Environments (PLACE) Study. Brisbane, The University of Queensland. Retrieved May 30, 2006 from http://www.uq.edu.au/cprc/docs/Place_report_2005_Final.pdf
Proper K, Cerin E, Brown W, Owen N. Sitting time and socio-economic differences in overweight and obesity. Int J Obes. 2007; 31: 169–176.
Salmon J, Owen N, Crawford D, Bauman A, Sallis JF. Physical activity and sedentary behavior: A population-based study of barriers, enjoyment, and preference. Health Psychol. 2003; 22: 178–188.
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35: 1381–1395.
International Physical Activity Questionnaire: Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Retrieved January 29, 2006 from http://www.ipaq.ki.se/dloads/IPAQ%20LS%20Scoring%20Protocols_Nov05.pdf.
Salmon J, Bauman A, Crawford D, et al. The association between television viewing and overweight among Australian adults participating in varying levels of leisure-time physical activity. Int J Obes. 2000; 24: 600–606.
Australian Bureau of Statistics: 2001 Census. Retrieved September 12, 2007 from http://www.abs.gov.au/.
Mattingly MJ, Bianchi SM. Gender differences in the quantity and quality of free time: the U.S. experience. Social Forces. 2003; 81: 999–1030.
Hu FB, Li TY, Colditz GA, et al. Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 2003; 289: 1785–1791.
Rzewnicki R, Auweele YV, De Bourdeaudhij I. Addressing overreporting on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) telephone survey with a population sample. Public Health Nutr. 2003; 6: 299–305.
Sallis JF, Saelens BE. Assessment of physical activity by self-report: Status, limitations, and future directions. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2000; 71: S1–S14.
Epstein LH, Valoski AM, Vara LS, et al. Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children. Health Psychol. 1995; 14: 109–115.
Foster JA, Gore SA, West DS. Altering TV viewing habits: An unexplored strategy for adult obesity intervention? Am J Health Behav. 2006; 30: 3–14.