Associations of income with self-reported ill-health and health resources in a rural community sample of Austria

Antonovsky A. Social class and the major cardiovascular diseases. J Chron Dis 1968;21: 65–106. Guralnik JM, Kaplan GA. Predictors of healthy aging: prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study. Am J Public Health 1989;79: 703–8. Pincus T, Callahan LF. Associations of low formal education level and poor health status: behavioral, in addition to demographic and medical explanations? J Clin Epidemiol 1994;4: 355–61. Townsend P, Davidson N. Inequalities in health: the Black report. London: Penguin Books, 1988. Blaxter M. Evidence of inequality in health from a national survey. Lancet 1987;2: 30–3. Dahl E. Social inequalities in ill-health: the significance of occupational status, education and income—results from a Norwegian survey. Sociol Health Ill 1994;16: 644–67. Östberg V. The social pattering of child mortality: the importance of social class, gender, family structure, immigrant status and population density. Sociol Health Ill 1997;19: 415–35. Dennis BH, Zhukovsky GS, Shestov DB, et al. The association of education with coronary heart disease mortality in the USSR Lipid Research Clinics Study. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22: 420–7. Araki S, Murata K. Social life factors affecting the mortality of total Japanese population. Soc Sci Med 1986;23: 1163–9. Siskind V, Coperman R, Najman JM Socioeconomic status and mortality: a Brisbane area analysis. Community Health Stud 1987;11: 15–23. Minder CE. Socio-economic factors and mortality in Switzerland. Soz Praventivmed 1993;38: 313–28. Helmert U, Mielck A, Classen E. Social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors in East and West Germany. Soc Sci Med 1992;35: 1283–92. Stronegger WJ, Freidl W, Rásky É. Health behaviour and risk behaviour: socioeconomic differences in an Austrian rural county. Soc Sci Med 1997;44: 423–6. Wennemo I. Infant mortality, public policy and inequality—a comparison of 18 industrialised countries 1950–85. Sociol Health Ill 1993;15: 430–46. Stronks K, Vab de Mheen H, Van den Bos J, Mackenbach JP. The interrelationship between income, health and employment status. Int J Epidemiol 1997;26: 592–600. Blaxter M Health and lifestyles. London; New York: Tavistock; Routledge, 1990. Wilkinson RG. Class and health: research and longitudinal data. London: Tavistock, 1986. Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Chaudhary BS. Education, psychosocial stress and sudden cardiac death. J Chron Dis 1983;36: 151–60. Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Chaudhary BS. Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984;311: 552–9. Marmot MG, Kogevinas M, Elston MA. Social/economic status and disease. Ann Rev Public Health 1987;8: 111–35. Matthews KA, Kelsey F, Meilahn EN, Kuller LH, Wing RR. Educational attainment and behavioral and biologic risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129: 1132–44. Greenberg ER, Chute CG, Stukel R, et al. Social and economic factors in the choice of lung cancer treatment. N Engl J Med 1988;318: 612–7. Farley TA, Flannery JT. Late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer in women of lower socioeconomic status: public health implications. Am J Public Health 1989;79: 1508–12. Kogevinas M, Marmot MG, Fox AJ, Goldblatt PO. Socioeconomic differences in cancer survival. J Epidemiol Community Health 1991;45: 216–9. Callahan LF, Smith WJ, Pincus T. Selfreport questionnaires in five rheumatic diseases: comparisons of health status constructs and associations with formal education level. Arthritis Care Res 1989;2: 122–31. Antonovsky A. Health, stress, and coping. San Francisco; Washington; London: Jossey-Bass, 1979. Antonovsky A. Unraveling the mystery of health: how people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco; Washington; London: Jossey-Bass, 1987. Geyer S. Some conceptual considerations on the sense of coherence. Soc Sci Med 1997;44: 1771–9. Mussmann C, Kraft U, Thalmann K, Muheim M. Die Gesundheit gesunder Personen, Forschungsprojekt SALUTE Bericht Nr. 2. ETH Zürich: Institut für Arbeitspsychologie, 1993. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer, 1984. Lazarus RS. Emotion and adaptation. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Weiner H. Auf dem Weg zu einem integrierten biomedizinischen Modell: Folgerungen für die Theorie der psychosomatischen Medizin. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1990;40: 81–101. Weiner H. Der Organismus als leib-seelische Funktionseinheit: Folgerungen für eine psychosomatische Medizin. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1991;41: 465–81. Noack RH. Concepts of health and health promotion. In: Abelin T, Brzezinski ZJ, Carstairs VDL, eds. Measurement in health promotion and protection. Copenhagen; WHO, Regional Office for Europe, 1987: 5–28. Breitwieser U, Donauer B, Elsigan G, Grossmann R. Gesundheisförderung: Appelle sind zuwenig: Beispiele regionaler Bildungsarbeit. München: Profil, 1990. Lundberg O. Childhood conditions, sense of coherence, social class and adult ill health: exploring their theoretical and empirical relations. Soc Sci Med 1997:44: 821–31. Lundberg O, Nyström Peck M. Sence of coherence, social structure and health. Evidence from population survey in Sweden. Eur J Public Health 1994;4: 252–7. Poppius E, Tenkanen L, Kalimo R, Heinsalmi P. The sense of coherence and occupation and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. Soc Sci Med 1999;49: 109–20. SPSS Advanced Statistics User's Guide. Chicago: SPSS Inc., 1990. Freidl W. The impact of anomia as a factor in a demand resource model of health. Soc Sci Med 1997;44: 1357–65. Freidl W, Rásky É, Stronegger WJ. Operationalisation of a demand/resource model of health: an explorative study. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1999;53: 187–8. Bullinger M, Ludwig M, Steinbüchel N. Lebensqualität bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen: Grundlagen, Messverfahren und Ergebnisse. Göttingen: Hogrefe, 1991. Calmonte R, Nakamura Y, Noack H. Messinstrumente im Härz-As-Projekt: Gesund-heitsinterview, Fragebogen und Gesundheitsindikatoren: AGF-Projektbericht 1993. Bern: Institut für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, 1993. Noack RH, Bachmann N, Olivieri M, Kopp HG, Udris I. Sense of Coherence Questionnaire: authorized German translation. Graz, Austria: Institut für Sozialmedizin, KF-University, 1991. Freidl W, Noack RH, Neuhold C. Development of an 8-item short version of the sense of coherence (SOC) scale for health surveys: the 13th Conference of the European Health Psychology Society, Florence, October 1999. Book of Abstracts, p. 160. Sommer G, Fydrich T. Soziale Unterstützung: Diagnostik, Konzepte. Fragebogen zur sozialen Unterstützung. Tübingen: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie, 1988. (F-SOZU, Materialien Nr. 22). Aiach P, Curtis S. Social inequalities in selfreported morbidity: interpretation and comparison of data from Britain and France. Soc Sci Med 1990;31: 267–74. Kaplan GA. Where do shared pathways lead? Some reflections on a research agenda. Psychosom Med 1995;57: 208–12. Wray LA, Herzog AR, Willis RJ, Wallace RB. The impact of education and heart attack on smoking cessation among middleaged adults. J Health Soc Behav 1998;39: 271–94. Rásky É, Stronegger WJ, Freidl W. Die Verteilung von ausgewählten kardialen Risikofaktoren bei erwerbstätigen und lernenden Jugendlichen in ländlichen Regionen der Steiermark. Soz Praventivmend 1996;41: 348–58. Marmot MG, Smith GD. Socio-economic differentials in health. J Health Psychol 1997;2: 283–96. Williams DR, Yu Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health. J Health Psychol 1997;2: 335–51. Chamberlain K. Socio-economic health differentials: from structure to experience. J Health Psychol 1997;2: 399–411. Singer E, Garfinkel R, Cohen SM, Srole L. Mortality and mental health: evidence from the Midtown Manhattan Restudy. Soc Sci Med 1976;10: 517–25. Hunt SM, Mc Kenna SP, McEwen J, Backett EM, Williams J, Papp E. A quantitative approach to perceived health status: a validation study. J Epidemiol Community Health 1980;34: 281–6.