The Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR Multigene Family Mediates Antigenic Variation of the Infected Erythrocyte

N Rasti, 2004, Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis., FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 41, 9, 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010

JP Gardner, 1996, Variant antigens and endothelial receptor adhesion in Plasmodium falciparum., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 3503, 10.1073/pnas.93.8.3503

C Magowan, 1988, Cytoadherence by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes is correlated with the expression of a family of variable proteins on infected erythrocytes., J Exp Med, 168, 1307, 10.1084/jem.168.4.1307

V Fernandez, 1999, Small, clonally variant antigens expressed on the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocyte are encoded by the rif gene family and are the target of human immune responses., J Exp Med, 190, 1393, 10.1084/jem.190.10.1393

SA Kyes, 1999, Rifins: a second family of clonally variant proteins expressed on the surface of red cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 9333, 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9333

MS Abdel-Latif, 2003, Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum rifin proteins are associated with rapid parasite clearance and asymptomatic infections., Infect Immun, 71, 6229, 10.1128/IAI.71.11.6229-6233.2003

MS Abdel-Latif, 2002, Recognition of variant Rifin antigens by human antibodies induced during natural Plasmodium falciparum infections., Infect Immun, 70, 7013, 10.1128/IAI.70.12.7013-7021.2002

C Lavazec, 2006, Hypervariability within the Rifin, Stevor and Pfmc-2TM superfamilies in Plasmodium falciparum., Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 6696, 10.1093/nar/gkl942

C Lavazec, 2007, Expression switching in the stevor and Pfmc-2TM superfamilies in Plasmodium falciparum., Mol Microbiol, 64, 1621, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05767.x

Q Cheng, 1998, stevor and rif are Plasmodium falciparum multicopy gene families which potentially encode variant antigens., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 97, 161, 10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00144-3

MJ Gardner, 2002, Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum., Nature, 419, 498, 10.1038/nature01097

M Kaviratne, 2002, Small variant STEVOR antigen is uniquely located within Maurer's clefts in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells., Eukaryot Cell, 1, 926, 10.1128/EC.1.6.926-935.2002

S Kyes, 2001, Antigenic variation at the infected red cell surface in malaria., Annu Rev Microbiol, 55, 673, 10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.673

S Sharp, 2006, Programmed transcription of the var gene family, but not of stevor, in Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes., Eukaryot Cell, 5, 1206, 10.1128/EC.00029-06

JE Blythe, 2004, STEVOR—a multifunctional protein?, Mol Biochem Parasitol, 134, 11, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.09.011

Q Chen, 1998, Identification of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) as the rosetting ligand of the malaria parasite P. falciparum., J Exp Med, 187, 15, 10.1084/jem.187.1.15

K Haldar, 2002, Protein and lipid trafficking induced in erythrocytes infected by malaria parasites., Cell Microbiol, 4, 383, 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2002.00204.x

H Wickert, 2004, Maurer's cleft organization in the cytoplasm of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: new insights from three-dimensional reconstruction of serial ultrathin sections., Eur J Cell Biol, 83, 567, 10.1078/0171-9335-00432

N Kriek, 2003, Characterization of the pathway for transport of the cytoadherence-mediating protein, PfEMP1, to the host cell surface in malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes., Mol Microbiol, 50, 1215, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03784.x

ME Wickham, 2001, Trafficking and assembly of the cytoadherence complex in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes., Embo J, 20, 5636, 10.1093/emboj/20.20.5636

G Winter, 2005, SURFIN is a polymorphic antigen expressed on Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and infected erythrocytes., J Exp Med, 201, 1853, 10.1084/jem.20041392

DI Baruch, 1995, Cloning the P. falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes., Cell, 82, 77, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90054-3

L McRobert, 2004, Distinct trafficking and localization of STEVOR proteins in three stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle., Infect Immun, 72, 6597, 10.1128/IAI.72.11.6597-6602.2004

A Khattab, 2008, Plasmodium falciparum variant STEVOR antigens are expressed in merozoites and possibly associated with erythrocyte invasion., Malar J, 7, 137, 10.1186/1475-2875-7-137

JE Blythe, 2008, Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR proteins are highly expressed in patient isolates and located in the surface membranes of infected red blood cells and the apical tips of merozoites., Infect Immun, 76, 3329, 10.1128/IAI.01460-07

A Salanti, 2003, Selective upregulation of a single distinctly structured var gene in chondroitin sulphate A-adhering Plasmodium falciparum involved in pregnancy-associated malaria., Mol Microbiol, 49, 179, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03570.x

M Haeggstrom, 2007, Characterization of Maurer's clefts in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes., Am J Trop Med Hyg, 76, 27, 10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.27

K Marsh, 1989, Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection., Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 83, 293, 10.1016/0035-9203(89)90478-1

JD Smith, 1995, Switches in expression of Plasmodium falciparum var genes correlate with changes in antigenic and cytoadherent phenotypes of infected erythrocytes., Cell, 82, 101, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90056-X

XZ Su, 1995, The large diverse gene family var encodes proteins involved in cytoadherence and antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes., Cell, 82, 89, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90055-1

M Petter, 2007, Variant proteins of the Plasmodium falciparum RIFIN family show distinct subcellular localization and developmental expression patterns., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 156, 51, 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.07.011

JM Przyborski, 2005, Trafficking of STEVOR to the Maurer's clefts in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes., Embo J, 24, 2306, 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600720

JP Daily, 2005, In vivo transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum reveals overexpression of transcripts that encode surface proteins., J Infect Dis, 191, 1196, 10.1086/428289

SA Kyes, 2007, Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum: gene organization and regulation of the var multigene family., Eukaryot Cell, 6, 1511, 10.1128/EC.00173-07

W Trager, 1976, Human malaria parasites in continuous culture., Science, 193, 673, 10.1126/science.781840

SB Aley, 1986, Identification of isolate-specific proteins on sorbitol-enriched Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes from Gambian patients., Parasitology, 92 (Pt 3), 511, 10.1017/S0031182000065410

C Lambros, 1979, Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages in culture., J Parasitol, 65, 418, 10.2307/3280287

S Kutner, 1985, Characterization of permeation pathways in the plasma membrane of human erythrocytes infected with early stages of Plasmodium falciparum: association with parasite development., J Cell Physiol, 125, 521, 10.1002/jcp.1041250323

V Rosario, 1981, Cloning of naturally occurring mixed infections of malaria parasites., Science, 212, 1037, 10.1126/science.7015505

J Papakrivos, 2005, A potential novel mechanism for the insertion of a membrane protein revealed by a biochemical analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum cytoadherence molecule PfEMP-1., Mol Microbiol, 55, 1272, 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04468.x

PC Bull, 1999, Antibody recognition of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte surface antigens in Kenya: evidence for rare and prevalent variants., Infect Immun, 67, 733, 10.1128/IAI.67.2.733-739.1999

KE Jackson, 2007, Selective permeabilization of the host cell membrane of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells with streptolysin O and equinatoxin II., Biochem J, 403, 167, 10.1042/BJ20061725

I Ansorge, 1996, Protein sorting in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells permeabilized with the pore-forming protein streptolysin O., Biochem J, 315 (Pt 1), 307, 10.1042/bj3150307

Z Bozdech, 2003, The transcriptome of the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum., PLoS Biol, 1, e5, 10.1371/journal.pbio.0000005

G Hu, 2007, Selection of long oligonucleotides for gene expression microarrays using weighted rank-sum strategy., BMC Bioinformatics, 8, 350, 10.1186/1471-2105-8-350