Metabolic syndrome in the offspring of centenarians: focus on prevalence, components, and adipokines

Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Alkharfy KM, Yakout SM, Sabico SB, Gibson GC, Chrousos GP, Kumar S (2011) Parent-offspring transmission of adipocytokine levels and their associations with metabolic traits. PLoS One 6(4):e18182

Aquilante CL, Kosmiski LA, Knutsen SD, Zineh I (2008) Relationship between plasma resistin concentrations, inflammatory chemokines, and components of the metabolic syndrome in adults. Metabolism 57(4):494–501

Arai Y, Kojima T, Takayama M, Hirose N (2009) The metabolic syndrome, IGF-1, and insulin action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 299(1):124–128

Arai Y, Takayama M, Abe Y, Hirose N (2011) Adipokines and aging. J Atheroscler Thromb 18(7):545–550

Atzmon G, Schechter C, Greiner W, Davidson D, Rennert G, Barzilai N (2004) Clinical phenotype of families with longevity. J Am Geriatr Soc 52(2):274–277

Atzmon G, Pollin TI, Crandall J, Tanner K, Schechter CB, Scherer PE, Rincon M, Siegel G, Katz M, Lipton RB, Shuldiner AR, Barzilai N (2008) Adiponectin levels and genotype: a potential regulator of life span in humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63A:447–453

Barzilai N, Atzmon G, Schechter C, Schaefer EJ, Cupples AL, Lipton R, Cheng S, Shuldiner AR (2003) Unique lipoprotein phenotype and genotype associated with exceptional longevity. JAMA 290(15):2030–2040

Bik W, Baranowska B (2009) Adiponectin—a predictor of higher mortality in cardiovascular disease or a factor contributing to longer life? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 30(2):180–184

Bremer AA, Devaraj S, Afify A, Jialal I (2011) Adipose tissue dysregulation in patients with metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(11):E1782–E1788

Chaldakov GN, Stankulov IS, Hristova M, Ghenev PI (2003) Adipobiology of disease: adipokines and adipokine-targeted pharmacology. Curr Pharm Des 9:1023–1031

Chen YH, Hung PF, Kao YH (2005) IGF-I downregulates resistin gene expression and protein secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288(5):E1019–E1027

Cicero AF, Magni P, Moré M, Ruscica M, Dozio E, Steffani L, Borghi C, Strollo F (2011) Adipokines and sexual hormones associated with the components of the metabolic syndrome in pharmacologically untreated subjects: data from the Brisighella Heart Study. Int J Endocrinol:724816

Csuka M, McCarty DJ (1985) Simple method for measurement of lower extremity muscle strength. Am J Med 78(1):77–81

Czernichow S, Kengne AP, Stamatakis E, Hamer M, Batty GD (2011) Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: which is the better discriminator of cardiovascular disease mortality risk?: evidence from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 82 864 participants from nine cohort studies. Obes Rev 12(9):680–687

Das UN (2004) Metabolic syndrome X: an inflammatory condition? Curr Hypertens Rep 6(1):66–73

de Koning L, Merchant AT, Pogue J, Anand SS (2007) Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J 28:850–856

DeStefano F, Ford ES, Newman J, Stevenson JM, Wetterhall SF, Anda RF, Vinicor F (1993) Risk factors for coronary heart disease mortality among persons with diabetes. Ann Epidemiol 3(1):27–34

Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001) Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285:2486–2497

Franceschi C, Bonafè M, Valensin S (2000a) Human immunosenescence: the prevailing of innate immunity, the failing of clonotypic immunity, and the filling of immunological space. Vaccine 18(16):1717–1720

Franceschi C, Valensin S, Bonafè M, Paolisso G, Yashin AI, Monti D, De Benedictis G (2000b) The network and the remodeling theories of aging: historical background and new perspectives. Exp Gerontol 35(6–7):879–896

Galioto A, Dominguez LJ, Pineo A, Ferlisi A, Putignano E, Belvedere M, Costanza G, Barbagallo M (2008) Cardiovascular risk factors in centenarians. Exp Gerontol 43(2):106–113

Gentilini D, Mari D, Castaldi D, Remondini D, Ogliari G, Ostan R, Bucci L, Sirchia SM, Tabano S, Cavagnini F, Monti D, Franceschi C, Di Blasio AM, Vitale G (2012) Role of epigenetics in human aging and longevity: genome-wide DNA methylation profile in centenarians and centenarians’ offspring. Age. doi: 10.1007/s11357-012-9463-1

Gnacińska M, Małgorzewicz S, Stojek M, Łysiak-Szydłowska W, Sworczak K (2009) Role of adipokines in complications related to obesity: a review. Adv Med Sci 54(2):150–157

Gupta V, Singh AK, Gupta V, Kumar S, Srivastava N, Jafar T, Pant AB (2011) Association of circulating resistin with metabolic risk factors in Indian females having metabolic syndrome. Toxicol Int 18(2):168–172

Haffner SM (2006) The metabolic syndrome: inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 97(2A):3A–11A

Harwood HJ Jr (2012) The adipocyte as an endocrine organ in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Neuropharmacology 63(1):57–75

Kwon HM, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Choi SH, Oh BH, Yoon BW (2006) Metabolic syndrome as an independent risk factor of silent brain infarction in healthy people. Stroke 37(2):466–470

Lam CS, Chen MH, Lacey SM, Yang Q, Sullivan LM, Xanthakis V, Safa R, Smith HM, Peng X, Sawyer DB, Vasan RS (2010) Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding protein-3: metabolic and genetic correlates in the community. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30(7):1479–1484

Malo E, Ukkola O, Jokela M, Moilanen L, Kähönen M, Nieminen MS, Salomaa V, Jula A, Kesäniemi YA (2011) Resistin is an indicator of the metabolic syndrome according to five different definitions in the Finnish Health 2000 survey. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 9(3):203–210

Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985) Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28(7):412–9

Oh J, Kim JY, Park S, Youn JC, Son NH, Shin DJ, Lee SH, Kang SM, Jee SH, Jang Y (2012) The relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 and metabolic syndrome, independent of adiponectin. Clin Chim Acta 413(3–4):506–510

Palomer X, Pérez A, Blanco-Vaca F (2005) Adiponectin: a new link between obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Med Clin (Barc) 124(10):388–395

Paolisso G, Gambardella A, Ammendola S, D’Amore A, Balbi V, Varricchio M, D’Onofrio F (1996) Glucose tolerance and insulin action in healthy centenarians. Am J Physiol 270:E890–E894

Paolisso G, Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Carella C, Rotondi M, Bonafè M, Franceschi C, Rose G, De Benedictis G (2001) Low insulin resistance and preserved beta-cell function contribute to human longevity but are not associated with TH-INS genes. Exp Gerontol 37(1):149–156

Rajala MW, Scherer PE (2003) Minireview: the adipocyte: at the crossroads of energy homeostasis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Endocrinology 144:3765–3773

Rozing MP, Westendorp RG, Frölich M, de Craen AJ, Beekman M, Heijmans BT, Mooijaart SP, Blauw GJ, Slagboom PE, van Heemst D, Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) Group (2009) Human insulin/IGF-1 and familial longevity at middle age. Aging (Albany NY) 1(8):714–22

Rozing MP, Westendorp RG, de Craen AJ, Frölich M, de Goeij MC, Heijmans BT, Beekman M, Wijsman CA, Mooijaart SP, Blauw GJ, Slagboom PE, van Heemst D, Leiden Longevity Study Group (2010) Favorable glucose tolerance and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in offspring without diabetes mellitus of nonagenarian siblings: the Leiden Longevity Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 58(3):564–9

Sattar N, McConnachie A, Shaper AG, Blauw GJ, Buckley BM, de Craen AJ, Ford I, Forouhi NG, Freeman DJ, Jukema JW, Lennon L, Macfarlane PW, Murphy MB, Packard CJ, Stott DJ, Westendorp RG, Whincup PH, Shepherd J, Wannamethee SG (2008) Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome data from two prospective studies. Lancet 371(9628):1927–1935

Savopoulos C, Michalakis K, Apostolopoulou M, Miras A, Hatzitolios A (2011) Adipokines and stroke: a review of the literature. Maturitas 70(4):322–327

Succurro E, Andreozzi F, Sciaqua A, Hribal ML, Perticone F, Sesti G (2008) Reciprocal association of plasma IGF-1 and interleukin-6 levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 31(9):1886–1888

Terry DF, McCormick M, Andersen S, Pennington J, Schoenhofen E, Palaima E, Bausero M, Ogawa K, Perls TT, Asea A (2004a) Cardiovascular disease delay in centenarian offspring: role of heat shock proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1019:502–505

Terry DF, Wilcox MA, McCormick MA, Pennington JY, Schoenhofen EA, Andersen SL, Perls TT (2004b) Lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in centenarians offspring. J Am Geriatr Soc 52(12):2074–2076

Terry DF, Evans JC, Pencina MJ, Murabito JM, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, Kelly-Hayes M, Levy D, D’Agostino RB Sr, Benjamin EJ (2007) Characteristics of Framingham offspring participants with long-lived parents. Arch Intern Med 167(5):438–444

Vaarhorst AA, Beekman M, Suchiman EH, van Heemst D, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Westendorp RG, Slagboom PE, Heijmans BT, Leiden Longevity Study (LLS) Group (2011) Lipid metabolism in long-lived families: the Leiden Longevity Study. Age (Dordr) 33(2):219–27

Vitale G, Brugts MP, Ogliari G, Castaldi D, Fatti LM, Varewijck AJ, Lamberts SW, Monti D, Bucci L, Cevenini E, Cavagnini F, Franceschi C, Hofland LJ, Mari D, Janssen J (2012) Low circulating IGF-I bioactivity is associated with human longevity: findings in centenarians’ offspring. Aging (Albany NY) 4(9):580–589

Wijsman CA, Rozing MP, Streefland TC, le Cessie S, Mooijaart SP, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RG, Pijl H, van Heemst D, Leiden Longevity Study group (2011) Familial longevity is marked by enhanced insulin sensitivity. Aging Cell 10(1):114–21

Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, Sole J, Nichols A, Ross JS, Tartaglia LA, Chen H (2003) Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 112(12):1821–1830

You T, Nicklas BJ, Ding J, Penninx BW, Goodpaster BH, Bauer DC, Tylavsky FA, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB (2008) The metabolic syndrome is associated with circulating adipokines in older adults across a wide range of adiposity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63(4):414–419

Yudkin JS, Stehouwer CD, Emeis JJ, Coppack SW (1999) C-reactive protein in healthy subjects: associations with obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction: a potential role for cytokines originating from adipose tissue? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19:972–978