Ozta¸ P, Catal F, Dilimen U. Familial eyebrow diffuse alopecia. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19: 118–9
Erg¨ SS, ¸un Sahino K. Eyebrow transplantation. Ann Plast Surg 2003; 51: 584–6
Sadr J, Jarudi I, Sinha P. The role of eyebrows in face recognition. Perception 2003; 32 (3): 285–93
van der Velden EM, Drost B, Ijsselmuiden OE, et al. Dermatography as a new treatment for alopecia areata of the eyebrows. Int J Dermatol 1998; 37: 617–21
Goldman G. Eyebrow transplantation. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27 (4): 352–4
Rook A, Burton JL. The skin and the eyes. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, et al., editors. Textbook of dermatology. Boston (MA): Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986: 2149–55
Kingery FA. Eyebrows, plus or minus [letter]. JAMA 1966; 195 (7): 571
Khong JJ, Casson RJ, Huilgol SC, et al. Madarosis. Surv Ophthalmol 2006; 51: 550–60
Dirckx JH, editor. Stedman’s concise medical dictionary for the health professions. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001: 34
Wolff K, Johnson RA, Suurmond D, editors. Fitzpatrick’s color atlas and synopsis of clinical dermatology. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2005
Rajka G. Atopic dermatitis. London: WB Saunders, 1975
Gupta AK, Madzia SE, Batra R. Etiology and management of seborrheic dermatitis. Dermatology 2004; 208: 89–93
Rook A, Dawber R. Diseases of the hair and scalp. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1991
Vasarinsh P. Clinical dermatology: diagnosis and therapy of common skin diseases. Boston (MA): Butterworth Publishers, 1982
Smulders D, Oostwouder CJ, Stam F. Hair loss and cardiovascular health. Lancet 2005; 365: 544
Felz M, Forren A. Profound hypothyroidism: a clinical review with eight recent cases: is it right before our eyes? South Med J 2004; 97 (5): 490–8
Freinkel RK, Freinkel N. Hair growth and alopecia in hypothyroidism. Arch Dermatol 1972; 106 (3): 349–52
Price VH. Treatment of hair loss. N Engl J Med 1999; 341 (13): 964–73
Lenane P, Pope E, Krafchik B. Congenital alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: S8–11
Barankin B, Taber M, Wasel N. Successful hair transplant of eyebrow alopecia areata. J Cutan Med Surg 2005; 9 (4): 162–4
Yoon KH, Lee SH, Ahn SK, et al. A case of alopecia universalis without involvement of scalp hairs. Yonsei Med J 1995; 36 (1): 97–101
MacDonald Hull SP, Wood ML, Hutchinson PE, et al. Guidelines for the management of alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 692–9
Kossard S, Lee MS, Wilkinson B. Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia: a frontal variant of lichen planoplaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36: 59–66
Ramirez DM, Martinez FC. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a survey in 16 patients. JEADV 2005; 19: 700–5
Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Iorizzo M, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia in postmenopausal women. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 55–60
Faulkner C, Wilson N, Jones S. Frontal fibrosing alopecia associated with cutaneous lichen planus in a premenopausal woman. Aust J Dermatol 2002; 43: 65–7
Vigilizzo G, Verrini A, Rongioletti F. Familial Lassueur-Graham-Little-Piccardi syndrome. Dermatology 2004; 208: 142–4
Bianchi L, Vidolin AP, Carboni I, et al. Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome: effective treatment with cyclosporine A. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001; 26: 518–20
Sontheimer R, Provost T. Lupus erythematosus. In: Sontheimer R, Provost T, editors. Cutaneous manifestations of rheumatic diseases. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004: 15–64
Whiting D. Cicatricial alopecia: clinico-pathological findings and treatment. Clin Dermatol 2001; 19: 211–25
Ramos-E-Silva M, Tanus FH, Cestari TF. Cutaneous manifestations of internal diseases in infants and children. Clin Dermatol 2002; 20: 51–66
Wilson CL, Burge SM, Dean D, et al. Scarring alopecia in discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 1992; 126 (4): 307–14
Patel P, Werth V. Cutaneous lupus erythematous: a review. Dermatol Clin 2002; 20: 373–85
Corona R, Angelo C, Giuliana M, et al. Neonatal lupus erythematosus. Cutis 2000; 65: 379–81
Holland K, Steffes B, Nocton J, et al. Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre with associated neurologic abnormalities. Pediatrics 2006; 117: e132–6
Gambichler T, Kreuter A, Hoffman K, et al. Bilateral linear scleroderma ‘xen coup de sabre’ associated with facial atrophy and neurological complications. BMC Dermatol 2001; 1: 9
Tollefson M, Witman P. En coup de sabre morphea and Parry-Romberg syndrome: a retrospective review of 54 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56: 257–63
World Health Organization. Leprosy burden at the end of 2005 [online].
Rawal RC, Kar PK, Desai RN, et al. A clinical study of eye complications in leprosy. Indian J Lepr 1984; 56 (2): 232–40
Carvalho VO, Marinoni LP, Taniguchi K, et al. Infiltrated lesions on a child’s face. Pediatr Dermatol 1999; 16 (4): 326–8
Millard TP, Hawk JLM. Photosensitivity disorders cause, effect and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 3 (4): 239–46
Frayha RA. Papular mucinosis, destructive arthropathy, median neuropathy, and sicca complex. Clin Rheumatol 1983; 2 (3): 277–84
Kendrick C, Brown R, Reina R, et al. Cutaneous sarcoidosis presenting as leonine facies. Cutis 2004; 73: 57–62
Ford P, Jorizzo J, Hitchcock M. Previously undiagnosed sarcoidosis in a patient presenting with leonine facies and complete heart block. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 712–4
Kyle RA. Amyloidosis: a convoluted story. Br J Haematol 2001; 114: 529–38
Salman SM, Rubeiz NG, Kibbi AG. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical features and diagnosis. Clin Dermatol 1999; 17: 291–6
Miller M, Strauchen J, Nichols K, et al. Concurrent chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia cutis in a patient with untreated CLL. Am J Dermatopathol 2001; 23: 334–40
Vocks E, Hertenberger B, Worret W, et al. An unusual cutaneous T cell lymphoma presenting as leonine facies. Eur J Dermatol 2000; 10(4): 309–12
Seyhan T, Özerdem Ö, Aliagaoglu C. Severe complete pachydermoperiostosis. Dermatol Surg 2005; 31(11): 1465–7
Tanabe A, Kusumoto K, Suzuki K, et al. Treatment of Setleis syndrome. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg 2001; 35: 107–11
Gummer CL, Starley JN, Dawber RP, et al. The distribution of Mycobacterium leprae in the hair follicle of the eyebrow. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1982; 51(2): 205–10
Ramos-e-Silva M, Rebello PFB. Leprosy recognition and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2(4): 203–11
ul Bari A, Raza N. Secondary syphilis clinically mimicking pseudolymphoma of the face [online]. Available from URL: http://dermatology.cdlib.org [Accessed 2007 Mar 5]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in reportable sexually transmitted diseases in the United States, 2004 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ [Accessed 2007 Mar 4]
Cuozzo DW, Benson PM, Sperling LC, et al. Essential syphilitic alopecia revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32: 840–3
Jordaan HF, Louw M. The moth-eaten alopecia of secondary syphilis: a histopathological study of 12 patients. Am J Dermatopathol 1995; 17(2): 158–62
Cecchi R, Rapicano V. Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma: report of two cases treated with Mohs’ micrographic surgery. Aust J Dermatol 2006; 47: 192–4
Patel B, Egan C, Lucius R, et al. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota): report of a case and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998; 38(5): 862–5
Peris K, Cerroni L, D’Alessandro I, et al. Cutaneous eyebrow metastasis in a patient with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Acta Derm Venereol 1993; 74: 154–5
Çaksen H, (Çiftçi A, Kisaarslan AF, et al. A child with systemic mastocytosis who had a facial appearance resembling an aged man. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19(2): 184–5
Doorn R, Scheffer E, Willemze R. Follicular mycosis fungoides, a distinct disease entity with or without associated follicular mucinosis. Arch Dermatol 2002; 138: 191–8
Anderson B, Mackley C, Helm K. Alopecia mucinosa: report of a case and review. J Cutan Med Surg 2003; 7(2): 124–8
Wood G, Greenberg HL. Diagnosis, staging and monitoring of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Dermatol Ther 2003; 16: 269–75
Ng PPL, Goh CL. Sezary syndrome: a case report and a review of the molecular pathomechanism and management. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998; 27: 864–7
Walsh K, McDougle C. Trichotillomania presentation, etiology, diagnosis and therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001; 2(5): 327–33
Radmanesh M, Shafiei S, Naderi A. Isolated eyebrow and eyelash trichotillomania mimicking alopecia areata. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45: 557–60
Olsen EA. Clinical tools for assessing hair loss. In: Olsen EA, editor. Disorders of hair growth. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, 2003: 75–82
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000
Happle R. Trichotemnomania: obsessive-compulsive habit of cutting or shaving the hair. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 52: 157–9
Hesketh P, Batchelor D, Golant M, et al. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia: psychosocial impact and therapeutic approaches. Support Cancer Care 2004; 12: 543–9
Tran D, Sinclair RD, Schwarer AP, et al. Permanent alopecia following chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Australas J Dermatol 2000; 41: 106–8
Kazda R. Coming out on top. Am J Nurs 2001; 101: 24KK–LL
Ravi A, Nisce L, Nori D. Total skin electron beam therapy in the management of cutaneous malignancies. Clin Dermatol 2001; 19: 354–6
Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Illingworth DR. Adverse ocular effects associated with niacin therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 54–6
Tromme I, Neste D, Dobbelaere F, et al. Skin signs in the diagnosis of thallium poisoning. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138: 321–5
Lu CI, Huang CC, Chang YC, et al. Short-term thallium intoxication. Arch Dermatol 2007; 143: 93–8
O’Donnell J. Polar hysteria: an expression of hypervitaminosis A. Am J Ther 2004; 11: 507–16
Miksad R, Ledinghen V, McDougall C, et al. Hepatic hydrothorax associated with vitamin A toxicity. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 34(3): 275–9
Alfadley A, Al Hawsawi K, Hainau B, et al. Two brothers with keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47: S275–8
Baden HP. Diseases of the hair and nails. Chicago (IL): Year Book Medical Publishers, 1987
Chien AJ, Valentine MC, Sybert VP. Hereditary woolly hair and keratosis pilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 54: S35–9
Florez A, Fernandez-Redondo V, Toribio J. Ulerythema ophryogenes in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2002; 19(1): 42–5
Layton AM, Cunliffe WJ. A case of ulerythema ophryogenes responding to isotretinoin. Br J Dermatol 1993; 129: 645–6
Wilkinson RD. Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia of Clouston: clinical and histopathological features. In: Brown AC, editor. The first human hair symposium. New York: Medcom Press, 1974: 61–71
Zannolli R, Inchingolo G, Serracca L, et al. Ectodermal dysplasia syndrome with eyebrow alopecia, ptosis, strabismus, nystagmus, joint laxity, cerebellar ataxia, and osteopenia. Am J Med Genet 2002; 113: 111–3
Pruszkowski A, Bodemer C, Fraitag S, et al. Neonatal and infantile erythrodermas. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 875–80
Powell J, Dawber R, Ferguson D, et al. Netherton's syndrome: increased likelihood of diagnosis by examining eyebrow hair. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141: 544–6
Cambiaghi S, Barbareschi M, Tadini G. Ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome in two unrelated female patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46: S156–8
Cursiefen C, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Holbach L. Ocular findings in ichthyosis follicularis, atrichia, and photophobia syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1999; 117: 681–4
Egier D, Orton R, Allen L, et al. Bilateral complete isolated cryptophthalmos: a case report. Ophthalmic Genet 2005; 26: 185–9
Slavotinek AM, Tifft CJ. Fraser syndrome and cryptophthalmos: review of the diagnostic criteria and evidence for phenotypic modules in complex malformation syndromes. J Med Genet 2002; 39: 623–33
Rubegni P, Fimiani M, Tosi GM, et al. Conjunctival edema and alopecia of the external third of the eyebrows in a patient with Meige syndrome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Opthalmol 2000; 238: 98–100