Reactor technologies for biodiesel production and processing: A review

Aghbashlo, 2016, Effect of an emission-reducing soluble hybrid nanocatalyst in diesel/biodiesel blends on exergetic performance of a DI diesel engine, Renew Energy, 93, 353, 10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.077 Shamshirband, 2016, Support vector machine-based exergetic modelling of a DI diesel engine running on biodiesel–diesel blends containing expanded polystyrene, Appl Therm Eng, 94, 727, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.10.140 Aghbashlo, 2016, The use of ELM-WT (extreme learning machine with wavelet transform algorithm) to predict exergetic performance of a DI diesel engine running on diesel/biodiesel blends containing polymer waste, Energy, 94, 443, 10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.008 Aghbashlo, 2018, On the exergetic optimization of solketalacetin synthesis as a green fuel additive through ketalization of glycerol-derived monoacetin with acetone, Renew Energy, 126, 242, 10.1016/j.renene.2018.03.047 Aghbashlo, 2018, Exergy-based optimization of a continuous reactor applied to produce value-added chemicals from glycerol through esterification with acetic acid, Energy, 150, 351, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.151 Aghbashlo, 2018, Exergy-based sustainability analysis of acetins synthesis through continuous esterification of glycerol in acetic acid using Amberlyst® 36 as catalyst, J Cleaner Prod, 183, 1265, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.218 Aghbashlo, 2018, Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental co-optimization of continuous fuel additives (acetins) synthesis from glycerol esterification with acetic acid using Amberlyst 36 catalyst, Energy Convers Manage, 165, 183, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.054 Demirbas, 2006, Biodiesel production via non-catalytic SCF method and biodiesel fuel characteristics, Energy Convers Manage, 47, 2271, 10.1016/j.enconman.2005.11.019 Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, 2018, A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives, Energy Convers Manage, 174, 579, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.050 Ahanchi, 2018, Pistachio (Pistachia vera) wastes valorization: enhancement of biodiesel oxidation stability using hull extracts of different varieties, J Cleaner Prod, 185, 852, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.089 Aghbashlo, 2019, Multi-objective exergetic and technical optimization of a piezoelectric ultrasonic reactor applied to synthesize biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using soft computing techniques, Fuel, 235, 100, 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.095 Aghbashlo, 2017, A novel emulsion fuel containing aqueous nano cerium oxide additive in diesel–biodiesel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions: part II–exergetic analysis, Fuel, 205, 262, 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.003 Selim, 2003, Combustion of jojoba methyl ester in an indirect injection diesel engine, Renew Energy, 28, 1401, 10.1016/S0960-1481(02)00225-2 Aghbashlo, 2018, Exergoeconomic analysis of a DI diesel engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel (B5) emulsions containing aqueous nano cerium oxide, Energy, 149, 967, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.082 Aghbashlo, 2016, hopes and dreads, Biofuel Res J, 3, 379, 10.18331/BRJ2016.3.2.2 Anon, 1982, Filtered used frying fat powers diesel fleet, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 59, 780A Kusy, 1982, Vegetable oil fuels, 127 Mishra, 2018, A review of production, properties and advantages of biodiesel, Biofuels, 9, 273, 10.1080/17597269.2017.1336350 Ma, 1999, Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresour Technol, 70, 1, 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5 Goering, 1984 Nguyen, 2010, Biodiesel production via peanut oil extraction using diesel-based reverse-micellar microemulsions, Fuel, 89, 2285, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.021 Najjar, 2018, Modified diesel prepared by stabilization of water as nanodroplets in diesel/colza oil blend: study of phase behavior and affecting parameters, Fuel, 214, 497, 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.052 Attaphong, 2017, Effect of additives on fuel properties and emission characteristics of micromulsion biofuels from palm oil, 1 Attaphong, 2017, Phase behaviors and fuel properties of palm oil-based microemulsion biofuels using sugar-based surfactants, 1 Ding, 2017, Upgrading sewage sludge liquefaction bio-oil by microemulsification: the effect of ethanol as polar phase on solubilization performance and fuel properties, Energy Fuels, 31, 1574, 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02269 Leng, 2018, Biodiesel microemulsion upgrading and thermogravimetric study of bio-oil produced by liquefaction of different sludges, Energy, 153, 1061, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.087 Kazemi Shariat Panahi, 2019, Recent updates on the production and upgrading of bio-crude oil from microalgae, Bioresour Technol Rep, 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100216 Maher, 2007, Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals, Bioresour Technol, 98, 2351, 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.025 Abbaszaadeh, 2012, Current biodiesel production technologies: a comparative review, Energy Convers Manage, 63, 138, 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.02.027 Trabelsi, 2018, Second generation biofuels production from waste cooking oil via pyrolysis process, Renew Energy, 126, 888, 10.1016/j.renene.2018.04.002 Abdelfattah, 2018, On biodiesels from castor raw oil using catalytic pyrolysis, Energy, 143, 950, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.095 Mahari, 2018, Microwave co-pyrolysis of waste polyolefins and waste cooking oil: influence of N2 atmosphere versus vacuum environment, Energy Convers Manage, 171, 1292, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.073 Balat, 2010, Progress in biodiesel processing, Appl Energy, 87, 1815, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.01.012 Khalife, 2017, Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 59, 32, 10.1016/j.pecs.2016.10.001 Rajaeifar, 2019, Emissions from urban bus fleets running on biodiesel blends under real-world operating conditions: implications for designing future case studies, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 111, 276, 10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.004 Van Gerpen, 2004 Najafi, 2019, Modeling of a dual fueled diesel engine operated by a novel fuel containing glycerol triacetate additive and biodiesel using artificial neural network tuned by genetic algorithm to reduce engine emissions, Energy, 168, 1128, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.142 Balat, 2008, A critical review of bio-diesel as a vehicular fuel, Energy Convers Manage, 49, 2727, 10.1016/j.enconman.2008.03.016 Fukuda, 2001, Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils, J Biosci Bioeng, 92, 405, 10.1016/S1389-1723(01)80288-7 Leung, 2010, A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification, Appl Energy, 87, 1083, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.006 Freedman, 1986, Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil 1, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 63, 1375, 10.1007/BF02679606 Noureddini, 1997, Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 74, 1457, 10.1007/s11746-997-0254-2 Busto, 2006, Influence of the axial dispersion on the performance of tubular reactors during the noncatalytic supercritical transesterification of triglycerides, Energy Fuels, 20, 2642, 10.1021/ef060184o Darnoko, 2000, Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 77, 1263, 10.1007/s11746-000-0198-y Vicente, 2006, Kinetics of Brassica carinata oil methanolysis, Energy Fuels, 20, 1722, 10.1021/ef060047r Vicente, 2005, Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis, Ind Eng Chem Res, 44, 5447, 10.1021/ie040208j Chiu, 2005, Distribution of methanol and catalysts between biodiesel and glycerin phases, AIChE J, 51, 1274, 10.1002/aic.10385 Vicente, 2004, Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems, Bioresour Technol, 92, 297, 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.08.014 Sivasamy, 2009, Catalytic applications in the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils, ChemSusChem, 2, 278, 10.1002/cssc.200800253 Hassan, 2013 Avhad, 2015, A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 50, 696, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.038 Dias, 2008, Comparison of the performance of different homogeneous alkali catalysts during transesterification of waste and virgin oils and evaluation of biodiesel quality, Fuel, 87, 3572, 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.06.014 Jamil, 2018, Current scenario of catalysts for biodiesel production: a critical review, Rev Chem Eng, 34, 267, 10.1515/revce-2016-0026 Canakci, 1999, Biodiesel production via acid catalysis, Trans ASABE, 42, 1203, 10.13031/2013.13285 Miao, 2009, Effective acid-catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production, Energy Convers Manage, 50, 2680, 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.06.021 Su, 2013, Recoverable and reusable hydrochloric acid used as a homogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Appl Energy, 104, 503, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.026 Rahimzadeh, 2018, Potential of acid-activated bentonite and SO3H-functionalized mwcnts for biodiesel production from residual olive oil under biorefinery scheme, Front Energy Res, 6, 137, 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00137 Rahimzadeh, 2015, Study the role of catalysts in biodiesel production processes, Maj Muhandisi Shimi Iran, 13, 80 Dias, 2012, Selection of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from animal fat, Fuel, 94, 418, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.069 Taufiq Yap, 2014, Transesterification of Jatropha curcas crude oil to biodiesel on calcium lanthanum mixed oxide catalyst: effect of stoichiometric composition, Energy Convers Manage, 88, 1290, 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.075 Sahani, 2018, Study of co-solvent effect on production of biodiesel from Schleichera Oleosa oil using a mixed metal oxide as a potential catalyst, J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng, 86, 42, 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.01.029 Babajide, 2012, Novel zeolite Na-X synthesized from fly ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production, Catal Today, 190, 54, 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.04.044 Navajas, 2018, Outstanding performance of rehydrated Mg-Al hydrotalcites as heterogeneous methanolysis catalysts for the synthesis of biodiesel, Fuel, 211, 173, 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.061 Li, 2011, Preparation, characterization and application of heterogeneous solid base catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil, Biomass Bioenergy, 35, 2787, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.009 Mansir, 2017, Investigation of heterogeneous solid acid catalyst performance on low grade feedstocks for biodiesel production: a review, Energy Convers Manage, 141, 171, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.037 Sahafi, 2018, Seed oils of Sisymbrium irio and Sisymbrium sophia as a potential non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production, Biofuels, 1, 10.1080/17597269.2018.1457315 Hajjari, 2017, A review on the prospects of sustainable biodiesel production: a global scenario with an emphasis on waste-oil biodiesel utilization, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 72, 445, 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.034 Aghbashlo, 2015, Improving exergetic and sustainability parameters of a DI diesel engine using polymer waste dissolved in biodiesel as a novel diesel additive, Energy Convers Manage, 105, 328, 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.07.075 Guldhe, 2017, Biodiesel synthesis from microalgal lipids using tungstated zirconia as a heterogeneous acid catalyst and its comparison with homogeneous acid and enzyme catalysts, Fuel, 187, 180, 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.053 Gardy, 2018, A magnetically separable SO4/Fe-Al-TiO2 solid acid catalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil, Appl Catal B, 234, 268, 10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.04.046 Torres Rodríguez, 2016, Biodiesel production from soybean and jatropha oils using cesium impregnated sodium zirconate as a heterogeneous base catalyst, Renew Energy, 93, 323, 10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.061 Kaur, 2018, Tungsten supported Ti/SiO2 nanoflowers as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Renew Energy, 116, 109, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.09.065 Abreu, 2017, Strontium and nickel heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from macaw oil, J Braz Chem Soc, 28, 319 Alsharifi, 2017, Biodiesel production from canola oil using novel Li/TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst prepared via impregnation method, Renew Energy, 114, 1077, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.117 Bet Moushoul, 2016, Application of CaO-based/Au nanoparticles as heterogeneous nanocatalysts in biodiesel production, Fuel, 164, 119, 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.067 Fernandes, 2016, Production of soybean ethanol-based biodiesel using CaO heterogeneous catalysts promoted by Zn, K and Mg, Int J Green Energy, 13, 417, 10.1080/15435075.2014.977441 Kataria, 2017, Biodiesel production from frying oil using zinc-doped calcium oxide as heterogeneous catalysts, Energy Sources, Part A, 39, 861, 10.1080/15567036.2016.1270376 Li, 2016, Calcium oxide functionalized with strontium as heterogeneous transesterification catalyst for biodiesel production, Fuel, 176, 63, 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.067 Negm, 2017, Biodiesel production from one-step heterogeneous catalyzed process of castor oil and jatropha oil using novel sulphonated phenyl silane montmorillonite catalyst, J Mol Liq, 234, 157, 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.03.043 Roschat, 2016, Rice husk-derived sodium silicate as a highly efficient and low-cost basic heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Energy Convers Manage, 119, 453, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.071 Roschat, 2017, Rubber seed oil as potential non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst in Thailand, Renew Energy, 101, 937, 10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.057 Uprety, 2016, Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalysts including wood ash and the importance of enhancing byproduct glycerol purity, Energy Convers Manage, 115, 191, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.032 Korkut, 2018, Selection of catalyst and reaction conditions for ultrasound assisted biodiesel production from canola oil, Renew Energy, 116, 543, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.010 Baskar, 2018, Biodiesel production from castor oil using heterogeneous Ni doped ZnO nanocatalyst, Bioresour Technol, 250, 793, 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.010 Malhotra, 2018, Lithium-doped ceria supported SBA−15 as mesoporous solid reusable and heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production via simultaneous esterification and transesterification of waste cottonseed oil, Renew Energy, 119, 32, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.001 Wang, 2018, Synthesis of calcium materials in biochar matrix as a highly stable catalyst for biodiesel production, Renew Energy Mendonça, 2018, New heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from waste tucumã peels (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer): parameters optimization study, Renew Energy Dai, 2018, Synthesis and characterization of magnetic LiFe5O8-LiFeO2 as a solid basic catalyst for biodiesel production, Catal Commun, 106, 20, 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.12.002 Shu, 2018, Preparation, characterization and application of a novel solid Brönsted acid catalyst SO42−/La3+/C for biodiesel production via esterification of oleic acid and methanol, Renew Energy, 119, 253, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.12.013 Farzaneh, 2018, Immobilized different amines on modified magnetic nanoparticles as catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil, J Iran Chem Soc, 15, 1625, 10.1007/s13738-018-1360-9 Gupta, 2018, Marble slurry derived hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil, Can J Chem Eng, 10.1002/cjce.23167 Farooq, 2018, Biodiesel production from date seed oil (Phoenix dactylifera L.) via egg shell derived heterogeneous catalyst, Chem Eng Res Des, 132, 644, 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.02.002 Jamil, 2018, Biodiesel production by valorizing waste Phoenix dactylifera L. kernel oil in the presence of synthesized heterogeneous metallic oxide catalyst (Mn@MgO-ZrO2), Energy Convers Manage, 155, 128, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.064 Hu, 2011, Utilization of waste freshwater mussel shell as an economic catalyst for biodiesel production, Biomass Bioenergy, 35, 3627, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.05.009 Baskar, 2018, Biodiesel production from castor oil using heterogeneous Ni doped ZnO nanocatalyst, Bioresour Technol, 250, 793, 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.010 Reyna Villanueva, 2019, Biodiesel production using layered double hidroxides and derived mixed oxides: the role of the synthesis conditions and the catalysts properties on biodiesel conversion, Fuel, 251, 285, 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.128 Toledo Arana, 2019, One-step synthesis of CaO-ZnO efficient catalyst for biodiesel production, Int J Chem Eng, 2019 Nasreen, 2018, Synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from soybean oil, J Fundam Appl Sci, 10, 609 Wei, 2009, Application of waste eggshell as low-cost solid catalyst for biodiesel production, Bioresour Technol, 100, 2883, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.039 Zdujić, 2019, Synthesis of CaOSiO2 compounds and their testing as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of sunflower oil, Adv Powder Technol, 10.1016/j.apt.2019.03.009 Narowska, 2019, Use of activated carbons as catalyst supports for biodiesel production, Renew Energy, 135, 176, 10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.006 Pinto, 2019, Effect of calcination temperature on the application of molybdenum trioxide acid catalyst: screening of substrates for biodiesel production, Fuel, 239, 290, 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.11.025 Dai, 2018, Synthesis and characterization of magnetic LiFe5O8-LiFeO2 as a solid basic catalyst for biodiesel production, Catal Commun, 106, 20, 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.12.002 Mohammadipanah, 2015, Halophilic bacteria: Potentials and applications in biotechnology, 277 Hamedi, 2015, Biotechnological exploitation of Actinobacterial members, 57 Lotti, 2018, Enzymatic production of biodiesel: strategies to overcome methanol inactivation, Biotechnol J, 13, 10.1002/biot.201700155 Andrade, 2017, Influence of the reaction conditions on the enzyme catalyzed transesterification of castor oil: a possible step in biodiesel production, Bioresour Technol, 243, 366, 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.118 Makareviciene, 2017, Biodiesel fuel production by enzymatic microalgae oil transesterification with ethanol, J Renew Sustain Energy, 9, 10.1063/1.4978369 Subhedar, 2016, Ultrasound assisted intensification of biodiesel production using enzymatic interesterification, Ultrason Sonochem, 29, 67, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.006 Taher, 2017, Enzymatic production of biodiesel from waste oil in ionic liquid medium, Biofuels, 1 Rafiei, 2018, Efficient biodiesel production using a lipase@ ZIF-67 nanobioreactor, Chem Eng J, 334, 1233, 10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.094 Nehdi, 2018, Biodiesel production from Citrillus colocynthis oil using enzymatic based catalytic reaction and characterization studies, Protein Pept Lett, 25, 164, 10.2174/0929866524666170223150839 Miao, 2018, Lipase immobilization on amino-silane modified superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as biocatalyst for biodiesel production, Fuel, 224, 774, 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.149 Wancura, 2018, Production of biodiesel catalyzed by lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus in its soluble form, Can J Chem Eng, 10.1002/cjce.23146 Amani, 2014, Highly active alumina-supported Cs–Zr mixed oxide catalysts for low-temperature transesterification of waste cooking oil, Appl Catal, A., 487, 16, 10.1016/j.apcata.2014.08.038 Ezebor, 2014, Oil palm trunk and sugarcane bagasse derived solid acid catalysts for rapid esterification of fatty acids and moisture-assisted transesterification of oils under pseudo-infinite methanol, Bioresour Technol, 157, 254, 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.110 Chuah, 2017, Kinetic studies on waste cooking oil into biodiesel via hydrodynamic cavitation, J Cleaner Prod, 146, 47, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.187 Gomaa, 2018, Effect of organic solvents and acidic catalysts on biodiesel yields from primary sewage sludge, and characterization of fuel properties, Biofuels, 1, 10.1080/17597269.2018.1479137 Freedman, 1984, Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 61, 1638, 10.1007/BF02541649 Van Gerpen, 2005, Basics of the transesterification reaction, 26 Wu, 2016, Bentonite-enhanced biodiesel production by NaOH-catalyzed transesterification: process optimization and kinetics and thermodynamic analysis, Fuel, 182, 920, 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.065 Sanli, 2018, Production of fuel quality ethyl ester biodiesel: 1. Laboratory-scale optimization of waste frying oil ethanolysis, 2. Pilot-scale production with the optimal reaction conditions, Waste Biomass Valoriz, 1 Behzadi, 2009, Production of biodiesel using a continuous gas–liquid reactor, Bioresour Technol, 100, 683, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.037 Boocock, 1998, Fast formation of high-purity methyl esters from vegetable oils, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 75, 1167, 10.1007/s11746-998-0130-8 Harvey, 2003, Process intensification of biodiesel production using a continuous oscillatory flow reactor, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 78, 338, 10.1002/jctb.782 Noureddini, 1998, A continuous process for the conversion of vegetable oils into methyl esters of fatty acids, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 75, 1775, 10.1007/s11746-998-0331-1 Sánchez Cantú, 2017, A sustainable method to produce biodiesel through an emulsion formation induced by a high shear mixer, Fuel, 189, 436, 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.107 Leevijit, 2004, Transesterification of palm oil in series of continuous stirred tank reactors, 272 Sungwornpatansakul, 2013, Enhancement of biodiesel production reaction employing the static mixing, Fuel Process Technol, 116, 1, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.04.019 Ji, 2006, Preparation of biodiesel with the help of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation, Ultrasonics, 44, 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.020 Malani, 2018, Ultrasound-Assisted biodiesel production using KI-impregnated zinc oxide (ZnO) as heterogeneous catalyst: a mechanistic approach, 67 Aghbashlo, 2017, Fuzzy modeling and optimization of the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) by a low power, high frequency piezo-ultrasonic reactor, Energy, 132, 65, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.041 Joshi, 2017, Intensification of biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste cooking oil in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst using high speed homogenizer, Ultrason Sonochem, 39, 645, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.029 Kolhe, 2017, Production and purification of biodiesel produced from used frying oil using hydrodynamic cavitation, Resour Effic Technol, 3, 198, 10.1016/j.reffit.2017.04.008 Yadav, 2018, Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of an Indica diesel engine operated with yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) oil biodiesel produced through hydrodynamic cavitation method, Int J Ambient Energy, 39, 365, 10.1080/01430750.2017.1303631 Leevijit, 2006, Design and test of a continuous reactor for palm oil transesterification, Songklanakarin J Sci Technol, 28, 791 Stamenković, 2007, The effect of agitation intensity on alkali-catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil, Bioresour Technol, 98, 2688, 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.024 Li, 2013, A stirring packed-bed reactor to enhance the esterification–transesterification in biodiesel production by lowering mass-transfer resistance, Chem Eng J, 234, 9, 10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.053 Roy, 2014, Effect of mass transfer kinetics for maximum production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil: a mathematical approach, Fuel, 134, 39, 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.021 Bambase, 2007, Kinetics of hydroxide-catalyzed methanolysis of crude sunflower oil for the production of fuel-grade methyl esters, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 82, 273, 10.1002/jctb.1666 Frascari, 2008, A pilot-scale study of alkali-catalyzed sunflower oil transesterification with static mixing and with mechanical agitation, Energy Fuels, 22, 1493, 10.1021/ef700584h Stamenković, 2008, Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis at low temperatures, Bioresour Technol, 99, 1131, 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.028 Berchmans, 2010, Kinetic study of methanolysis of Jatropha curcas-waste food oil mixture, J Chem Eng Jpn, 43, 661, 10.1252/jcej.10we037 Brásio, 2011, Modeling the effect of mixing in biodiesel production, Bioresour Technol, 102, 6508, 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.090 Fadhil, 2017, Biodiesel production from mixed non-edible oils, castor seed oil and waste fish oil, Fuel, 210, 721, 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.009 El Sherbiny, 2010, Production of biodiesel using the microwave technique, J Adv Res, 1, 309, 10.1016/j.jare.2010.07.003 Kumar, 2013, Alkali transesterification of linseed oil for biodiesel production, Fuel, 104, 553, 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.002 Taherkhani, 2018, An improvement and optimization study of biodiesel production from linseed via in-situ transesterification using a co-solvent, Renew Energy, 119, 787, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.061 Wang, 2017, Biodiesel production from high acid value oils with a highly active and stable bifunctional magnetic acid, Appl Energy, 204, 702, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.060 Korkut, 2016, Ultrasound assisted biodiesel production in presence of dolomite catalyst, Fuel, 180, 624, 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.101 Chen, 2017, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in a magnetically fluidized bed reactor using whole-cell biocatalysts, Energy Convers Manage, 138, 556, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.02.036 Adewale, 2016, Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and kinetics of ultrasonic assisted methanolysis of waste lard for biodiesel production, Chem Eng J, 284, 158, 10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.053 Thompson, 2007, Biodiesel production using static mixers, Trans ASABE, 50, 161, 10.13031/2013.22389 Aniya, 2015, Modeling and simulation of batch kinetics of non-edible karanja oil for biodiesel production: a mass transfer study, Fuel, 161, 137, 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.042 Leadbeater, 2006, Fast, easy preparation of biodiesel using microwave heating, Energy Fuels, 20, 2281, 10.1021/ef060163u Azcan, 2008, Microwave assisted transesterification of rapeseed oil, Fuel, 87, 1781, 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.12.004 Lin, 2017, Production of biodiesel by transesterification of jatropha oil with microwave heating, J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng, 75, 43, 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.03.034 Milano, 2018, Optimization of biodiesel production by microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification for waste cooking oil-Calophyllum inophyllum oil via response surface methodology, Energy Convers Manage, 158, 400, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.027 Liu, 2010, Producing biodiesel from high free fatty acids waste cooking oil assisted by radio frequency heating, Fuel, 89, 2735, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.03.011 Liu, 2011, Fast biodiesel production from beef tallow with radio frequency heating, Renew Energy, 36, 1003, 10.1016/j.renene.2010.09.015 Fu, 2010, Effect of solvent−co-solvent mixtures on lipase-catalyzed transesterification of canola oil, Energy Fuels, 24, 4646, 10.1021/ef901176h Maçaira, 2011, Biodiesel production using supercritical methanol/carbon dioxide mixtures in a continuous reactor, Fuel, 90, 2280, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.017 Cao, 2005, Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oil using supercritical methanol and co-solvent, Fuel, 84, 347, 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.10.001 Taher, 2017, The use of alternative solvents in enzymatic biodiesel production: a review, Biofuels, Bioprod Biorefin, 11, 168, 10.1002/bbb.1727 García Martínez, 2017, Optimization of non-catalytic transesterification of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seed oil using supercritical methanol to biodiesel production, Energy Convers Manage, 131, 99, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.10.078 Aboelazayem, 2018, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil via supercritical methanol: optimisation and reactor simulation, Renew Energy, 124, 144, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.06.076 Son, 2018, Wet in situ transesterification of spent coffee grounds with supercritical methanol for the production of biodiesel, Bioresour Technol, 259, 465, 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.067 Sakdasri, 2018, Techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production from palm oil with supercritical methanol at a low molar ratio, Energy, 152, 144, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.125 Wu, 2007, Transesterification of cottonseed oil catalyzed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquids, Ind Eng Chem Res, 46, 7955, 10.1021/ie070678o Isahak, 2011, Transesterification of palm oil by using ionic liquids as a new potential catalyst, Trends Appl Sci Res, 6, 1055, 10.3923/tasr.2011.1055.1062 Yanfei, 2013, Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel by brønsted-type ionic liquid acid catalysts, Chem Eng Technol, 36, 1559, 10.1002/ceat.201100660 Wahidin, 2018, Optimization of the ionic liquid-microwave assisted one-step biodiesel production process from wet microalgal biomass, Energy Convers Manage, 171, 1397, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.083 Ding, 2018, Process intensification of transesterification for biodiesel production from palm oil: microwave irradiation on transesterification reaction catalyzed by acidic imidazolium ionic liquids, Energy, 144, 957, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.072 Sunitha, 2007, Ionic liquids as a reaction medium for lipase-catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil, Biotechnol Lett, 29, 1881, 10.1007/s10529-007-9471-x Mąkosza, 2003, Phase transfer catalysis, Catal Rev, 45, 321, 10.1081/CR-120025537 Zhang, 2009, Rapid transesterification of soybean oil with phase transfer catalysts, Appl Catal, A., 366, 176, 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.07.001 Stavarache, 2005, Fatty acids methyl esters from vegetable oil by means of ultrasonic energy, Ultrason Sonochem, 12, 367, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.04.001 Hailegiorgis, 2011, Reactive extraction of Jatropha curcas L. assisted by phase transfer catalyst for the production of biodiesel., 1 Reay, 2008 Coker, 2001 Daniyan, 2015, Effects of reaction time on biodiesel yield, J Bioprocess Chem Eng, 3, 1 Fonseca, 2010, Transesterification of vegetable oils: simulating the replacement of batch reactors with continuous reactors, Bioresour Technol, 101, 8151, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.077 Alamu, 2007, Optimal transesterification duration for biodiesel production from Nigerian palm kernel oil, Agric Eng Int: CIGR E J Falahati, 2012, The effect of flux and residence time in the production of biodiesel from various feedstocks using a membrane reactor, Fuel, 91, 126, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.019 Azam, 2016, Biodiesel production from palm oil using micro tube reactors: effects of catalyst concentration and residence time, Procedia Eng, 148, 354, 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.462 Ab Rashid, 2013, Transesterification of palm oil in a millichannel reactor, J Jpn Inst Energy, 92, 905, 10.3775/jie.92.905 Rahimi, 2014, Optimization of biodiesel production from soybean oil in a microreactor, Energy Convers Manage, 79, 599, 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.065 Bouaid, 2016, Effect of free fatty acids contents on biodiesel quality, Pilot plant studies. Fuel., 174, 54 Mittelbach, 2004 Ramos, 2009, Influence of fatty acid composition of raw materials on biodiesel properties, Bioresour Technol, 100, 261, 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.039 Muniyappa, 1996, Improved conversion of plant oils and animal fats into biodiesel and co-product, Bioresour Technol, 56, 19, 10.1016/0960-8524(95)00178-6 Cardone, 2003, Brassica carinata as an alternative oil crop for the production of biodiesel in Italy: agronomic evaluation, fuel production by transesterification and characterization, Biomass Bioenergy, 25, 623, 10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00058-8 Dmytryshyn, 2004, Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil derived esters: evaluation for their diesel additive properties, Bioresour Technol, 92, 55, 10.1016/j.biortech.2003.07.009 Hosseinpour, 2016, Exact estimation of biodiesel cetane number (CN) from its fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profile using partial least square (PLS) adapted by artificial neural network (ANN), Energy Convers Manage, 124, 389, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.027 Pinzi, 2011, Influence of vegetable oils fatty-acid composition on biodiesel optimization, Bioresour Technol, 102, 1059, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.050 Kusdiana, 2004, Effects of water on biodiesel fuel production by supercritical methanol treatment, Bioresour Technol, 91, 289, 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00201-3 Tan, 2010, Effects of free fatty acids, water content and co-solvent on biodiesel production by supercritical methanol reaction, J Supercrit Fluids, 53, 88, 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.01.012 Kwiecien, 2009, The effect of the acidity of rapeseed oil on its transesterification, Bioresour Technol, 100, 5555, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.002 Atadashi, 2011, Membrane biodiesel production and refining technology: a critical review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 5051, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.051 Rashid, 2008, Production of sunflower oil methyl esters by optimized alkali-catalyzed methanolysis, Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 1202, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.001 Berrios, 2008, Comparison of purification methods for biodiesel, Chem Eng J, 144, 459, 10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.019 Van Gerpen, 2004 Bonvin, 1998, Optimal operation of batch reactors—a personal view, J Process Control, 8, 355, 10.1016/S0959-1524(98)00010-9 Darnoko, 2000, Continuous production of palm methyl esters, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 77, 1269, 10.1007/s11746-000-0199-x He, 2006, A novel continuous-flow reactor using reactive distillation for biodiesel production, Trans ASABE, 107 Chongkhong, 2007, Biodiesel production by esterification of palm fatty acid distillate, Biomass Bioenergy, 31, 563, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.03.001 Reyes, 2010, Biodiesel production in a jet flow stirred reactor, Fuel, 89, 3093, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.06.002 Lu, 2010, Biodiesel from different oil using fixed-bed and plug-flow reactors, Renew Energy, 35, 283, 10.1016/j.renene.2009.07.011 Qiu, 2010, Process intensification technologies in continuous biodiesel production, Chem Eng Process, 49, 323, 10.1016/j.cep.2010.03.005 Sáez Bastante, 2014, Biodiesel synthesis from saturated and unsaturated oils assisted by the combination of ultrasound, agitation and heating, Fuel, 131, 6, 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.066 Hsieh, 2010, Continuous production of biodiesel in a packed-bed reactor using shell–core structural Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaCO3 catalyst, Chem Eng J, 158, 250, 10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.025 Naik, 2011, Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for biodiesel components methyl stearate and methyl oleate, Proc Combust Inst, 33, 383, 10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.007 Hanh, 2008, Methanolysis of triolein by low frequency ultrasonic irradiation, Energy Convers Manage, 49, 276, 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.06.016 Breccia, 1999, Reaction between methanol and commercial seed oils under microwave irradiation, J Microwave Power EE, 34, 3 Azcan, 2007, Alkali catalyzed transesterification of cottonseed oil by microwave irradiation, Fuel, 86, 2639, 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.021 Alamsyah, 2010, Comparison of static-mixer and blade agitator reactor in biodiesel production, Agric Eng Int: CIGR E J, 12, 99 Santacesaria, 2011, Biodiesel process intensification by using static mixers tubular reactors, Ind Eng Chem Res, 51, 8777, 10.1021/ie201640w Mann, 2009 Eze, 2014, A more robust model of the biodiesel reaction, allowing identification of process conditions for significantly enhanced rate and water tolerance, Bioresour Technol, 156, 222, 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.028 Ramning Amol, 2013, Production of neem oil methyl ester (NOME) from oscillatory baffled reactor, Res J Recent Sci, 2, 223 Soufi, 2017, Optimization of methyl ester production from waste cooking oil in a batch tri-orifice oscillatory baffled reactor, Fuel Process Technol, 167, 641, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.07.030 García Martín, 2018, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in an oscillatory flow reactor. Performance as a fuel on a TDI diesel engine, Renew Energy., 125, 546, 10.1016/j.renene.2018.03.002 Boffito, 2014, Biofuel synthesis in a capillary fluidized bed, Catal Today, 237, 13, 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.01.018 Fidalgo, 2016, A fluidized bed reactor as an approach to enzymatic biodiesel production in a process with simultaneous glycerol removal, J Ind Eng Chem, 38, 217, 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.05.005 Ramos, 2016, Combined use of a two-stage packed bed reactor with a glycerol extraction column for enzymatic biodiesel synthesis from macaw palm oil, Ind Eng Chem Res, 56, 1, 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03811 E Silva, 2016, Continuous enzymatic biodiesel production from coconut oil in two-stage packed-bed reactor incorporating an extracting column to remove glycerol formed as by-product, Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 39, 1611, 10.1007/s00449-016-1636-3 Gargari, 2018, Investigating continuous biodiesel production from linseed oil in the presence of a co-solvent and a heterogeneous based catalyst in a packed bed reactor, Energy, 148, 888, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.105 Qiao, 2017, Process enhancement of supercritical methanol biodiesel production by packing beds, Bioresour Technol, 228, 298, 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.085 Silva, 2007, Continuous production of fatty acid ethyl esters from soybean oil in compressed ethanol, Ind Eng Chem Res, 46, 5304, 10.1021/ie070310r Farobie, 2015, A novel spiral reactor for biodiesel production in supercritical ethanol, Appl Energy, 147, 20, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.033 Somnuk, 2017, Effects of mixing technologies on continuous methyl ester production: comparison of using plug flow, static mixer, and ultrasound clamp, Energy Convers Manage, 140, 91, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.02.066 Son, 2011, Transesterification of sunflower oil in a countercurrent trickle-bed reactor packed with a CaO catalyst, Chem Eng Process, 50, 650, 10.1016/j.cep.2011.04.001 Meng, 2013, Transesterification of rapeseed oil for biodiesel production in trickle-bed reactors packed with heterogeneous Ca/Al composite oxide-based alkaline catalyst, Bioresour Technol, 136, 730, 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.081 Hama, 2007, Biodiesel-fuel production in a packed-bed reactor using lipase-producing Rhizopus oryzae cells immobilized within biomass support particles, Biochem Eng J, 34, 273, 10.1016/j.bej.2006.12.013 Wang, 2011, Biodiesel production in packed-bed reactors using lipase–nanoparticle biocomposite, Bioresour Technol, 102, 6352, 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.003 Urban, 2012, A monolithic lipase reactor for biodiesel production by transesterification of triacylglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters, Biotechnol Bioeng, 109, 371, 10.1002/bit.23326 Afandizadeh, 2001, Design of packed bed reactors: guides to catalyst shape, size, and loading selection, Appl Therm Eng, 21, 669, 10.1016/S1359-4311(00)00072-7 Harriott, 2002 Eigenberger, 1992, Fixed bed reactors, 199 Foumeny, 1993, Correlations of pressure drop in packed beds taking into account the effect of confining wall, Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 36, 536, 10.1016/0017-9310(93)80028-S Geldart, 1973, Types of gas fluidization, Powder Technol, 7, 285, 10.1016/0032-5910(73)80037-3 Yang, 2003 Pant, 2014, Residence time distribution study in a pilot-scale gas–solid fluidized bed reactor using radiotracer technique, J Radioanal Nucl Chem, 302, 1283, 10.1007/s10967-014-3528-9 Shahbaz, 2017, Fluidization of palm kernel shell, palm oil fronds, and empty fruit bunches in a swirling fluidized bed gasifier, Part Sci Technol, 35, 150, 10.1080/02726351.2016.1139021 McDonough, 2015, Rapid process development using oscillatory baffled mesoreactors–a state-of-the-art review, Chem Eng J, 265, 110, 10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.113 Stonestreet, 1999, The effects of oscillatory flow and bulk flow components on residence time distribution in baffled tube reactors, Chem Eng Res Des, 77, 671, 10.1205/026387699526809 Abbott, 2013, Biological processing in oscillatory baffled reactors: operation, advantages and potential, Interface Focus, 3, 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0036 Harvey, 2001, Operation and optimization of an oscillatory flow continuous reactor, Ind Eng Chem Res, 40, 5371, 10.1021/ie0011223 Ni, 2003, Mixing through oscillations and pulsations−a guide to achieving process enhancements in the chemical and process industries, Chem Eng Res Des, 81, 373, 10.1205/02638760360596928 Ni, 1998, A systematic study of the effect of geometrical parameters on mixing time in oscillatory baffled columns, Chem Eng Res Des, 76, 635, 10.1205/026387698525162 Ni, 1999, On the effect of gap size between baffle outer diameter and tube inner diameter on the mixing characteristics in an oscillatory-baffled column, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 74, 587, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199906)74:6<587::AID-JCTB87>3.0.CO;2-C Reis, 2005, Fluid mechanics and design aspects of a novel oscillatory flow screening mesoreactor, Chem Eng Res Des, 83, 357, 10.1205/cherd.03401 Howes, 1991, The simulation of chaotic mixing and dispersion for periodic flows in baffled channels, Chem Eng Sci, 46, 1669, 10.1016/0009-2509(91)87014-4 Phan, 2012, Characterisation of mesoscale oscillatory helical baffled reactor—experimental approach, Chem Eng J, 180, 229, 10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.018 KOBELCO. What is a micro channel reactor and details. Kobe Steel, Ltd.; http://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/products/ecmachinery/smcr/overview.html. Allen, 2001, 40 Nguyen, 2004, Micromixers—a review, J Micromech Microeng, 15, R1, 10.1088/0960-1317/15/2/R01 Al Halhouli, 2015, Passive micromixers with interlocking semi-circle and omega-shaped modules: experiments and simulations, Micromachines, 6, 953, 10.3390/mi6070953 Hosokawa, 1999, Droplet-based nano/picoliter mixer using hydrophobic microcapillary vent, 388 Handique, 2001, Mathematical modeling of drop mixing in a slit-type microchannel, J Micromech Microeng, 11, 548, 10.1088/0960-1317/11/5/316 Martinez Arias, 2012, Continuous synthesis and in situ monitoring of biodiesel production in different microfluidic devices, Ind Eng Chem Res, 51, 10755, 10.1021/ie300486v Pontes, 2016, Mass transfer simulation of biodiesel synthesis in microreactors, Comput Chem Eng, 93, 36, 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.05.010 Sun, 2009, Fast synthesis of biodiesel at high throughput in microstructured reactors, Ind Eng Chem Res, 49, 1259, 10.1021/ie901320s Sun, 2010, Continuous production of biodiesel from high acid value oils in microstructured reactor by acid-catalyzed reactions, Chem Eng J, 162, 364, 10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.064 Trentin, 2011, Continuous catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters from soybean oil in microtube reactor using supercritical carbon dioxide as co-solvent, J Supercrit Fluids, 56, 283, 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.10.037 Kalu, 2011, Continuous-flow biodiesel production using slit-channel reactors, Bioresour Technol, 102, 4456, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.097 Yamsub, 2014, Pork lard conversion to biodiesel using a microchannel reactor, Korean J Chem Eng, 31, 2170, 10.1007/s11814-014-0120-5 Santana, 2017, Biodiesel synthesis in micromixer with static elements, Energy Convers Manage, 141, 28, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.03.089 López Guajardo, 2017, Process intensification of biodiesel production using a tubular micro-reactor (TMR): experimental and numerical assessment, Chem Eng Commun, 204, 467, 10.1080/00986445.2016.1277521 Rahimi, 2016, Transesterification of soybean oil in four-way micromixers for biodiesel production using a cosolvent, J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng, 64, 203, 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.04.023 Chueluecha, 2017, Biodiesel synthesis using heterogeneous catalyst in a packed-microchannel, Energy Convers Manage, 141, 145, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.020 Aghel, 2014, Using a wire coil insert for biodiesel production enhancement in a microreactor, Energy Convers Manage, 84, 541, 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.009 Stitt, 2002, Alternative multiphase reactors for fine chemicals: a world beyond stirred tanks?, Chem Eng J, 90, 47, 10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00067-0 Visscher, 2013, Rotating reactors–a review, Chem Eng Res Des, 91, 1923, 10.1016/j.cherd.2013.07.021 Rushton, 1950, Power characteristics of mixing impellers part 1, Chem Eng Prog, 46, 395 Abdullah, 2011, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis investigation in a gas-inducing agitated reactor using electrical capacitance tomography Abdullah, 2011, Fischer-tropsch synthesis investigation in a gas-inducing agitated reactor using electrical capacitance tomography, 185 Albers, 1998, Novel monolithic stirred reactor, AIChE J, 44, 2459, 10.1002/aic.690441113 Bennett, 1991, Determination of heterogeneous reaction kinetics and reaction rates under mass transfer controlled conditions for a monolith reactor, Process Saf Environ Prot, 69, 209 De Lathouder, 2006, Structured reactors for enzyme immobilization: a monolithic stirrer reactor for application in organic media, Chem Eng Res Des, 84, 390, 10.1205/cherd05018 Tschentscher, 2010, Liquid-solid mass transfer in agitated slurry reactors and rotating solid foam reactors, Ind Eng Chem Res, 49, 10758, 10.1021/ie100385n Tschentscher, 2010, Gas–liquid mass transfer in rotating solid foam reactors, Chem Eng Sci, 65, 472, 10.1016/j.ces.2009.05.047 Hanh, 2009, Biodiesel production through transesterification of triolein with various alcohols in an ultrasonic field, Renew Energy, 34, 766, 10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.007 De Lima, 2009, Biodiesel production from castor oil: optimization of alkaline ethanolysis, Energy Fuels, 23, 5636, 10.1021/ef900403j Ginting, 2012, Alkaline in situ ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas, Fuel, 93, 82, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.08.062 Komers, 2010, Continuous biodiesel production in a cascade of flow ideally stirred reactors, Bioresour Technol, 101, 3772, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.099 Ghasemi, 2014, Transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using KOH/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a new two-impinging-jets reactor, Ind Eng Chem Res, 53, 12238, 10.1021/ie403408r Luyben, 2007 Aziz, 2000, Performance of different types of controllers in tracking optimal temperature profiles in batch reactors, Comput Chem Eng, 24, 1069, 10.1016/S0098-1354(00)00526-3 Aziz, 2002, Optimal operation policies in batch reactors, Chem Eng J, 85, 313, 10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00169-3 Arpornwichanop, 2005, On-line dynamic optimization and control strategy for improving the performance of batch reactors, Chem Eng Process, 44, 101, 10.1016/j.cep.2004.04.010 Chen, 2010, A continuous-flow biodiesel production process using a rotating packed bed, Bioresour Technol, 101, 668, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.081 Antonelli, 2003, Continuous stirred tank reactors: easy to stabilise?, Automatica, 39, 1817, 10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00177-8 Mjalli, 2009, Approximate predictive versus self-tuning adaptive control strategies of biodiesel reactors, Ind Eng Chem Res, 48, 11034, 10.1021/ie900930k Mjalli, 2009, Dynamics and control of a biodiesel transesterification reactor, Chem Eng Technol, 32, 13, 10.1002/ceat.200800243 Shen, 2011, Design and control of biodiesel production processes with phase split and recycle in the reactor system, J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng, 42, 741, 10.1016/j.jtice.2011.01.010 Zhao, 2015, Terminal sliding mode control for continuous stirred tank reactor, Chem Eng Res Des, 94, 266, 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.08.005 Sinha, 2018, Control of a nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor via event triggered sliding modes, Chem Eng Sci, 187, 52, 10.1016/j.ces.2018.04.057 Davani, 2017, A jet-stirred chamber for turbulent combustion experiments, Combust Flame, 185, 117, 10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.07.009 Davani, 2018, A new jet-stirred reactor for chemical kinetics investigations Chen, 2011, Biodiesel production in a rotating packed bed using K/γ-Al2O3 solid catalyst, J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng, 42, 937, 10.1016/j.jtice.2011.05.007 Lodha, 2012, Intensified biodiesel production using a rotating tube reactor, Energy Fuels, 26, 7037, 10.1021/ef301235t Dubé, 2007, Biodiesel production using a membrane reactor, Bioresour Technol, 98, 639, 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.019 Leevijit, 2008, Performance test of a 6-stage continuous reactor for palm methyl ester production, Bioresour Technol, 99, 214, 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.052 Cortes Garcia, 2017, A review on process intensification in HiGee distillation, J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 92, 1136, 10.1002/jctb.5206 Qian, 2017, Optimal synthesis of rotating packed bed reactor, Comput Chem Eng, 105, 152, 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2017.02.026 Foulk, 1929, A theory of liquid film formation, Ind Eng Chem, 21, 815, 10.1021/ie50237a003 Yang, 2005, Micromixing efficiency in a rotating packed bed: experiments and simulation, Ind Eng Chem Res, 44, 7730, 10.1021/ie0503646 Wenzel, 2018, Review and analysis of micromixing in rotating packed beds, Chem Eng J, 345, 492, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.109 Burns, 1996, Process intensification: visual study of liquid maldistribution in rotating packed beds, Chem Eng Sci, 8, 1347, 10.1016/0009-2509(95)00367-3 Yang, 2015, Influence of viscosity on micromixing efficiency in a rotating packed bed with premixed liquid distributor, J Chem Eng Jpn, 48, 72, 10.1252/jcej.14we153 Chen, 2004, Modeling ozone contacting process in a rotating packed bed, Ind Eng Chem Res, 43, 228, 10.1021/ie030545c Holl, 2010, Spinning tube in tube reactors and their methods of operation, U.S. Patent Qiu, 2010 Sisoev, 2006, The flow of thin liquid films over spinning discs, Can J Chem Eng, 84, 625, 10.1002/cjce.5450840601 Wood, 1973, The flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of liquid films on rotating discs, Trans Inst Chem Eng, 51, 315 Chen, 2014, Intensified production of biodiesel using a spinning disk reactor, Chem Eng Process, 78, 67, 10.1016/j.cep.2014.02.009 Matar, 2006, The flow of a thin conducting film over a spinning disc in the presence of an electric field, Chem Eng Sci, 61, 3838, 10.1016/j.ces.2006.01.021 Van Der Schaaf, 2012, Device for multi phase and single phase contacting, US Patent Appl, 14 Visscher, 2014, Device for multi phase and single phase contacting, Google Patents Meeuwse, 2011, Effect of rotor–stator distance and rotor radius on the rate of gas–liquid mass transfer in a rotor–stator spinning disc reactor, Chem Eng Process, 50, 1095, 10.1016/j.cep.2011.05.022 Meeuwse, 2012, Multistage rotor-stator spinning disc reactor, AIChE J, 58, 247, 10.1002/aic.12586 Bhatelia, 2009, Characterizing liquid film thickness in spinning disc reactors, 1 Qiu, 2012, Biodiesel synthesis in an intensified spinning disk reactor, Chem Eng J, 210, 597, 10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.058 Wen, 2015, CFD numerical simulation of biodiesel synthesis in a spinning disc reactor, Chem Process Eng, 36, 21, 10.1515/cpe-2015-0002 Böddeker, 2008 Abels, 2013, Membrane processes in biorefinery applications, J Membr Sci, 444, 285, 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.030 He, 2012, Recent advances in membrane technologies for biorefining and bioenergy production, Biotechnol Adv, 30, 817, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.015 Mozaffarikhah, 2017, Membrane treatment of biodiesel wash-water: a sustainable solution for water recycling in biodiesel production process, J Water Process Eng, 19, 331, 10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.09.007 Jaber, 2015, Biodiesel wash-water reuse using microfiltration: toward zero-discharge strategy for cleaner and economized biodiesel production, Biofuel Res J, 2, 148, 10.18331/BRJ2015.2.1.3 Alicieo, 2002, Membrane ultrafiltration of crude soybean oil, Desalination, 148, 99, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00660-4 Cao, 2007, Effect of membrane pore size on the performance of a membrane reactor for biodiesel production, Ind Eng Chem Res, 46, 52, 10.1021/ie060555o Cao, 2008, High-purity fatty acid methyl ester production from canola, soybean, palm, and yellow grease lipids by means of a membrane reactor, Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 1028, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.01.020 Saleh, 2010, Glycerol removal from biodiesel using membrane separation technology, Fuel, 89, 2260, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.04.025 Cao, 2009, Kinetics of canola oil transesterification in a membrane reactor, Ind Eng Chem Res, 48, 2533, 10.1021/ie8009796 Baroutian, 2011, A packed bed membrane reactor for production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst, Bioresour Technol, 102, 1095, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.076 Peyravi, 2015, Developing nanocomposite PI membranes: morphology and performance to glycerol removal at the downstream processing of biodiesel production, J Membr Sci, 473, 72, 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.009 Torres, 2018, Biodiesel purification using polymeric nanofiltration composite membranes highly resistant to harsh conditions, Chem Eng Technol, 41, 253, 10.1002/ceat.201600257 Synder Filtration. Plate and frame membranes. http://synderfiltration.com/learning-center/articles/module-configurations-process/plate-and-frame-membranes/. Gallucci, 2011, Introduction - a review of membrane reactors, 1 Wang, 2009, Refining of biodiesel by ceramic membrane separation, Fuel Process Technol, 90, 422, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.11.004 Gomes, 2010, Separation of biodiesel and glycerol using ceramic membranes, J Membr Sci, 352, 271, 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.02.030 Othman, 2010, Application of polymeric solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes for biodiesel production, J Membr Sci, 348, 287, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.11.012 Hwang, 2001, Inorganic membranes and membrane reactors, Korean J Chem Eng, 18, 775, 10.1007/BF02705597 Ebert, 2004, Influence of inorganic fillers on the compaction behaviour of porous polymer based membranes, J Membr Sci, 233, 71, 10.1016/j.memsci.2003.12.012 Guerreiro, 2010, PVA embedded hydrotalcite membranes as basic catalysts for biodiesel synthesis by soybean oil methanolysis, Catal Today, 156, 191, 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.04.046 Shi, 2010, Preparation and characterization of the organic–inorganic hybrid membrane for biodiesel production, Bioresour Technol, 101, 1501, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.014 Baroutian, 2010, Methanol recovery during transesterification of palm oil in a TiO2/Al2O3 membrane reactor: experimental study and neural network modeling, Sep Purif Technol, 76, 58, 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.020 Cao, 2008, Methanol recycling in the production of biodiesel in a membrane reactor, Fuel, 87, 825, 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.048 Guerreiro, 2006, Transesterification of soybean oil over sulfonic acid functionalised polymeric membranes, Catal Today, 118, 166, 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.12.012 Hou, 2016, Fabrication of H3PW12O40/agarose membrane for catalytic production of biodiesel through esterification and transesterification, RSC Adv, 6, 81794, 10.1039/C6RA17118D Luo, 2017, Continuous transesterification to produce biodiesel under HTCC/Na2SiO3/NWF composite catalytic membrane in flow-through membrane reactor, Fuel, 197, 51, 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.12.089 Xu, 2014, Biodiesel production in a membrane reactor using MCM-41 supported solid acid catalyst, Bioresour Technol, 159, 286, 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.004 Ozdemir, 2006, Catalytic polymeric membranes: preparation and application, Appl Catal, A, 307, 167, 10.1016/j.apcata.2006.03.058 Teixeira, 2014, Biocatalysis combined with physical technologies for development of a green biodiesel process, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 33, 333, 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.072 Aca Aca, 2018, Transesterification of soybean oil by PAAc catalytic membrane: sorption properties and reactive performance for biodiesel production, Renew Energy, 116, 250, 10.1016/j.renene.2017.09.042 Stankiewicz, 2003, Reactive separations for process intensification: an industrial perspective, Chem Eng Process, 42, 137, 10.1016/S0255-2701(02)00084-3 David, 1992, Pervaporation membranes endowed with catalytic properties, based on polymer blends, J Membr Sci, 73, 129, 10.1016/0376-7388(92)80123-2 Knezevic, 2004, Immobilized lipases as practical catalysts, Acta Period Technol, 151, 10.2298/APT0435151K Tan, 2010, Biodiesel production with immobilized lipase: a review, Biotechnol Adv, 28, 628, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.05.012 Cannilla, 2017, Potential of pervaporation and vapor separation with water selective membranes for an optimized production of biofuels—a review, Catalysts, 7, 187, 10.3390/catal7060187 Sae Khow, 2010, Pervaporation in chemical analysis, J Chromatogr A, 1217, 2736, 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.043 Cheng, 2010, Study on membrane reactors for biodiesel production by phase behaviors of canola oil methanolysis in batch reactors, Bioresour Technol, 101, 6663, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.095 Kiss, 2014 Regalado Méndez, 2016, Plant-wide control of a reactive distillation column on biodiesel production, 107 Luyben, 2009 Kiss, 2011, Heat-integrated reactive distillation process for synthesis of fatty esters, Fuel Process Technol, 92, 1288, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.02.003 Petchsoongsakul, 2017, Process design of biodiesel production: hybridization of ester-and transesterification in a single reactive distillation, Energy Convers Manage, 153, 493, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.10.013 Simasatitkul, 2017, Economic evaluation of biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate using a reactive distillation, Energy Procedia, 105, 237, 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.308 Noshadi, 2012, Continuous production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in a reactive distillation column catalyzed by solid heteropolyacid: optimization using response surface methodology (RSM), Fuel, 94, 156, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.10.018 Prasertsit, 2013, Transesterification of palm oil with methanol in a reactive distillation column, Chem Eng Process, 70, 21, 10.1016/j.cep.2013.05.011 Wardle, 2015, Liquid–liquid mixing studies in annular centrifugal contactors comparing stationary mixing vane options, Solvent Extr Ion Exch, 33, 671, 10.1080/07366299.2015.1082835 Padial Collins, 2006, Centrifugal contactors: separation of an aqueous and an organic stream in the rotor zone (LA-UR-7800), Sep Sci Technol, 41, 1001, 10.1080/01496390600641611 Vedantam, 2006, Annular centrifugal contactors—a review, Chem Eng Res Des, 84, 522, 10.1205/cherd.05219 Birdwell, 2009 McFarlane, 2010, Production of biodiesel at the kinetic limit in a centrifugal reactor/separator, Ind Eng Chem Res, 49, 3160, 10.1021/ie901229x McFarlane, 2008, Process intensification in continuous base-catalyzed biodiesel production Kraai, 2008, Two-phase (bio) catalytic reactions in a table-top centrifugal contact separator, Angew Chem, 120, 3969, 10.1002/ange.200705426 Abduh, 2013, Biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha curcas L. oil and ethanol in a continuous centrifugal contactor separator, Eur J Lipid Sci Technol, 115, 123, 10.1002/ejlt.201200173 Gogate, 2008, Cavitational reactors for process intensification of chemical processing applications: a critical review, Chem Eng Process, 47, 515, 10.1016/j.cep.2007.09.014 Fillion, 1998 Veljković, 2012, Biodiesel production by ultrasound-assisted transesterification: state of the art and the perspectives, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 1193, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.022 Lindley, 1987, Use of ultrasound in chemical synthesis, Chem Soc Rev, 16, 1039 Sajjadi, 2015, Mechanistic analysis of cavitation assisted transesterification on biodiesel characteristics, Ultrason Sonochem, 22, 463, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.06.004 Luo, 2014, Ultrasound-enhanced conversion of biomass to biofuels, Prog Energy Combust Sci, 41, 56, 10.1016/j.pecs.2013.11.001 Moholkar, 2003, Integrated approach to optimization of an ultrasonic processor, AIChE J, 49, 2918, 10.1002/aic.690491121 Asakura, 2008, Effects of ultrasonic frequency and liquid height on sonochemical efficiency of large-scale sonochemical reactors, Ultrason Sonochem, 15, 244, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.03.012 Kadkhodaee, 2008, Ultrasonic inactivation of Bacillus α-amylase. I. Effect of gas content and emitting face of probe, Ultrason Sonochem., 15, 133, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.02.005 Gogate, 2011, Sonochemical reactors: important design and scale up considerations with a special emphasis on heterogeneous systems, Chem Eng J, 166, 1066, 10.1016/j.cej.2010.11.069 Manickam, 2014, Intensification of synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using multiple frequency ultrasonic flow cell, Fuel Process Technol, 128, 388, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.08.002 Chivate, 1995, Quantification of cavitation intensity in fluid bulk, Ultrason Sonochem, 2, S19, 10.1016/1350-4177(94)00007-F Horst, 1996, Design, modeling and performance of a novel sonochemical reactor for heterogeneous reactions, Chem Eng Sci, 51, 1837, 10.1016/0009-2509(96)00227-8 Dahlem, 1998, Direct sonication system suitable for medium-scale sonochemical reactors, AIChE J, 44, 2724, 10.1002/aic.690441213 Bhangu, 2017, Ultrasonic enhancement of lipase-catalysed transesterification for biodiesel synthesis, Ultrason Sonochem, 34, 305, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.005 Gogate, 2000, Engineering design method for cavitational reactors: I. Sonochemical reactors, AIChE J., 46, 372, 10.1002/aic.690460215 Georgogianni, 2009, Transesterification of rapeseed oil for the production of biodiesel using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, Fuel Process Technol, 90, 1016, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.03.002 Hsiao, 2010, Ultrasonic mixing and closed microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification of soybean oil, Fuel, 89, 3618, 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.044 Sáez Bastante, 2014, Influence of vegetable oil fatty acid composition on ultrasound-assisted synthesis of biodiesel, Fuel, 125, 183, 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.02.015 Aghbashlo, 2016, Development and evaluation of a novel low power, high frequency piezoelectric-based ultrasonic reactor for intensifying the transesterification reaction, Biofuel Res J, 3, 528, 10.18331/BRJ2016.3.4.7 Aghbashlo, 2018, On the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation and optimization of biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil (WCO) using a low power, high frequency ultrasonic reactor, Energy Convers Manage, 164, 385, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.02.086 Lam, 2010, Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review, Biotechnol Adv, 28, 500, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.03.002 Badday, 2012, Intensification of biodiesel production via ultrasonic-assisted process: a critical review on fundamentals and recent development, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 4574, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.04.057 Kumar, 2014, Time reducing process for biofuel production from non edible oil assisted by ultrasonication, Ultrason Sonochem, 21, 1618, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.04.004 Takase, 2014, Silybum marianum oil as a new potential non-edible feedstock for biodiesel: a comparison of its production using conventional and ultrasonic assisted method, Fuel Process Technol, 123, 19, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.01.032 Noipin, 2015, Optimization of ethyl ester production assisted by ultrasonic irradiation, Ultrason Sonochem, 22, 548, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.07.019 Maran, 2015, Comparison of response surface methodology and artificial neural network approach towards efficient ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from muskmelon oil, Ultrason Sonochem, 23, 192, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.019 Sarve, 2015, Ultrasound assisted biodiesel production from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil using barium hydroxide as a heterogeneous catalyst: comparative assessment of prediction abilities between response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), Ultrason Sonochem, 26, 218, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.01.013 Chen, 2014, Ultrasonic-assisted production of biodiesel from transesterification of palm oil over ostrich eggshell-derived CaO catalysts, Bioresour Technol, 171, 428, 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.102 Choudhury, 2014, Ultrasonic biodiesel synthesis from crude Jatropha curcas oil with heterogeneous base catalyst: mechanistic insight and statistical optimization, Ultrason Sonochem, 21, 1050, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.10.023 Badday, 2014, Transesterification of crude jatropha oil by activated carbon-supported heteropolyacid catalyst in an ultrasound-assisted reactor system, Renew Energy, 62, 10, 10.1016/j.renene.2013.06.037 Zhang, 2015, Biodiesel production directly from oils with high acid value by magnetic Na2SiO3@Fe3O4/C catalyst and ultrasound, Fuel, 150, 370, 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.032 Choudhury, 2014, Mechanistic insight into sonochemical biodiesel synthesis using heterogeneous base catalyst, Ultrason Sonochem, 21, 169, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.04.010 Arisdyne System I.CFC™ applications for biodiesel production: the Arisdyne retrofit system. http://www.arisdyne.com/content/biodiesel. Gogate, 2001, Hydrodynamic cavitation reactors: a state of the art review, Rev Chem Eng, 17, 1, 10.1515/REVCE.2001.17.1.1 Gogate, 2005, A review and assessment of hydrodynamic cavitation as a technology for the future, Ultrason Sonochem, 12, 21, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.03.007 Shah, 1999, Cavitation reactors, 193 Pal, 2010, Biodiesel production through hydrodynamic cavitation and performance testing, Renew Energy, 35, 619, 10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.027 Pal, 2014, Production and performance testing of waste frying oil biodiesel, Int J Curr Eng Technol, 4, 1366 Gole, 2013, Hydrodynamic cavitation as an efficient approach for intensification of synthesis of methyl esters from sustainable feedstock, Chem Eng Process, 71, 70, 10.1016/j.cep.2012.10.006 Javadikia, 2017, Optimization of hydrodynamic cavitations reactor efficiency for biodiesel production by response surface methods (Case study&58; sunflower oil), Nongye Jixie Xuebao, 7, 260 Bokhari, 2016, Cleaner production of rubber seed oil methyl ester using a hydrodynamic cavitation: optimisation and parametric study, J Cleaner Prod, 136, 31, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.091 Maddikeri, 2014, Intensified synthesis of biodiesel using hydrodynamic cavitation reactors based on the interesterification of waste cooking oil, Fuel, 137, 285, 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.013 Hydro Dynamics Inc. Shockwave power biodiesel reactor. https://www.hydrodynamics.com/cavitation-technology/. Motasemi, 2012, A review on microwave-assisted production of biodiesel, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 16, 4719, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.069 Breitwieser, 2013, In situ preparation of silver nanocomposites on cellulosic fibers–microwave vs, conventional heating. Carbohydr Polym, 94, 677, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.077 Leonelli, 2015, Microwave reactors for chemical synthesis and biofuels preparation, 17 Metaxas, 1996 Leonelli, 2010, Microwave and ultrasonic processing: now a realistic option for industry, Chem Eng Process, 49, 885, 10.1016/j.cep.2010.05.006 Balasubramanian, 2011, Oil extraction from Scenedesmus obliquus using a continuous microwave system–design, optimization, and quality characterization, Bioresour Technol, 102, 3396, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.119 Halim, 2012, Extraction of oil from microalgae for biodiesel production: a review, Biotechnol Adv, 30, 709, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.001 Gude, 2013, Microwave energy potential for biodiesel production, Sustainable Chem Processes, 1, 5, 10.1186/2043-7129-1-5 Lam, 2012, A review on waste to energy processes using microwave pyrolysis, Energies, 5, 4209, 10.3390/en5104209 Gude, 2011, Microwave enhanced methods for biodiesel production and other environmental applications, 209 Yuan, 2008, Synthesis of biodiesel using microwave absorption catalysts, Energy Fuels, 23, 548, 10.1021/ef800577j Kanitkar, 2011, A critical comparison of methyl and ethyl esters production from soybean and rice bran oil in the presence of microwaves, Bioresour Technol, 102, 7896, 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.091 Scares, 2017, Feasibility of biodiesel production in a continuous flow microwave reactor with static mixing, 581 Panadare, 2016, Microwave assisted enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel with waste cooking oil and dimethyl carbonate, J Mol Catal B: Enzym, 133, S518, 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.05.003 Thirugnanasambandham, 2015, Investigation on biodiesel production from cotton seed oil using microwave irradiated transesterfication process, Environ Prog Sustain Energy, 34, 1229, 10.1002/ep.12094 Ma, 2015, In situ heterogeneous transesterification of microalgae using combined ultrasound and microwave irradiation, Energy Convers Manage, 90, 41, 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.061 Turton, 2008 Gebremariam, 2018, Economics of biodiesel production, Energy Convers Manage, 168, 74, 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.002 Haas, 2006, A process model to estimate biodiesel production costs, Bioresour Technol, 97, 671, 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.039 Jegannathan, 2011, Economic assessment of biodiesel production: comparison of alkali and biocatalyst processes, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 745, 10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.055 Max, 1991 Silla, 2003 Karmee, 2015, Techno-economic evaluation of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil—a case study of Hong Kong, Int J Chem Eng, 16, 4362 2013 2011 Schoepe, 2006 Kazemi Shariat Panahi, 2019, Conversion of residues from agro-food industry into bioethanol in Iran: an under-valued biofuel additive to phase out MTBE in gasoline, Renew Energy, 145, 699, 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.081 Kazemi Shariat Panahi, 2019, Shifting fuel feedstock from oil wells to sea: Iran outlook and potential for biofuel production from brown macroalgae (ochrophyta; phaeophyceae), Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 112, 626, 10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.023 Saravanan, 2018, Biofuel policy in India: a review of policy barriers in sustainable marketing of biofuel, J Cleaner Prod, 193, 734, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.033 2018 Amezaga, 2010, Biofuels policy in the European Union Schnepf, 2006 2009, Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, Off J Eur Union Giuntoli, 2018 Giuntoli, 2018 Pelkmans, 2008, Biofuel policy support in Europe, Elobio Policy Paper, 2 Londo, 2009, The EU renewables directive: some first impressions in the Elobio context, Elobio Policy Paper, 2 Directive, 2015, 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 amending directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Off J Eur Union EurObserv, 2010, Biofuels barometer, J Energies Renouvelables, 198, 72 Koh, 2008, Biofuels, biodiversity, and people: understanding the conflicts and finding opportunities, Biol Conserv, 141, 2450, 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.005 Atabani, 2013, Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 18, 211, 10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.013 Wan, 2017, Advances in the use of genetically modified plant biomass for biodiesel generation, Biofuels, Bioprod Biorefin, 11, 749, 10.1002/bbb.1777 Chen, 2018, Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of biodiesel in the United States with induced land use change impacts, Bioresour Technol, 251, 249, 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.031 2014 Dekamin, 2018, Selecting the best environmental friendly oilseed crop by using life cycle assessment, water footprint and analytic hierarchy process methods, J Cleaner Prod, 198, 1239, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.115 Robertson, 2006, Water-use efficiency of dryland canola in an equi-seasonal rainfall environment, Aust J Agric Res, 56, 1373, 10.1071/AR05030 Mekonnen, 2013, Water footprint benchmarks for crop production: a first global assessment, 214 Yee, 2009, Life cycle assessment of palm biodiesel: revealing facts and benefits for sustainability, Appl Energy, 86, S189, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.04.014 Pehnelt, 2013, Recalculating GHG emissions saving of palm oil biodiesel, Environ Dev Sust, 15, 429, 10.1007/s10668-012-9387-z Gerbens Leenes, 2009, The water footprint of bioenergy, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 106, 10219, 10.1073/pnas.0812619106 Pehnelt, 2012, Uncertainties about the GHG emissions saving of rapeseed biodiesel, Jena Econ Res Pap Liu, 2011 2014 Sawyer, 2008, Is there room for camelina, Biodiesel Mag, 5, 83 Shonnard, 2010, Camelina-derived jet fuel and diesel: sustainable advanced biofuels, Environ Prog Sustain Energy, 29, 382, 10.1002/ep.10461 Keera, 2018, Castor oil biodiesel production and optimization, Egypt J Pet, 10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.02.007 2010 Agarwal, 2003, Cottonseed oil quality, utilization and processing, CICR Tech Bull, 25 Wu, 2013, Croton megalocarpus oil-fired micro-trigeneration prototype for remote and self-contained applications: experimental assessment of its performance and gaseous and particulate emissions, Interface Focus, 3, 10.1098/rsfs.2012.0041 Moser, 2009, Production and evaluation of biodiesel from field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) oil, Energy Fuels, 23, 4149, 10.1021/ef900337g Fan, 2013, A life cycle assessment of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.)-derived jet fuel and diesel, Biomass Bioenergy, 55, 87, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.040 Ndong, 2009, Life cycle assessment of biofuels from Jatropha curcas in West Africa: a field study, Gcb Bioenergy, 1, 197, 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2009.01014.x Hou, 2011, Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from soybean, jatropha and microalgae in China conditions, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 5081, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.048 Addison, 2009 Chapagain, 2004 Sandouqa, 2019, Energy analysis of biodiesel production from jojoba seed oil, Renew Energy, 130, 831, 10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.015 Chandrashekar, 2012, Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from pongamia oil in rural Karnataka, Agric Eng Int:CIGR J, 14, 67 Kaushik, 2015, Pongamia pinnata: a candidate tree for biodiesel feedstock, Energy Sources, Part A, 37, 1526, 10.1080/15567036.2011.627413 Jha, 2013, A culinary mahua (Madhuca Indica) flower from bihar, India–a potential in production of jam, alcohol for pharmacological benefits with fertilizer value, Int J Drug Dev Res, 5, 362 Lokesh, 2014, Study on sustainabilty of madhuca biodiesel, Sastech J, 13, 109 Azad, 2015, Prospect of moringa seed oil as a sustainable biodiesel fuel in Australia: a review, Procedia Eng, 105, 601, 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.037 Biswas, 2008 Silitonga, 2013, 25 Kale, 2011, Analysis of fixed oil from Sterculia foetida Linn, Int J Pharm Sci Res, 2, 2908 Wagner, 2018, CO2 footprint of the seeds of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) as a biodiesel feedstock source, Forests, 9, 548, 10.3390/f9090548 Rajaeifar, 2016, Environmental impact assessment of olive pomace oil biodiesel production and consumption: a comparative lifecycle assessment, Energy, 106, 87, 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.010 Atabani, 2013, A comparative evaluation of physical and chemical properties of biodiesel synthesized from edible and non-edible oils and study on the effect of biodiesel blending, Energy, 58, 296, 10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.040 Yoon, 2014, Effects of canola oil biodiesel fuel blends on combustion, performance, and emissions reduction in a common rail diesel engine, Energies, 7, 8132, 10.3390/en7128132 Musa, 2016, Characterization of coconut oil and its biodiesel, J Sci Res Reports, 9, 1 Barabás, 2011 Alleman, 2006 Sivaramakrishnan, 2011, Determination of higher heating value of biodiesels, Int J Eng Sci Technol, 3, 7981 Gui, 2008, Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock, Energy, 33, 1646, 10.1016/j.energy.2008.06.002 Dinh, 2009, Sustainability evaluation of biodiesel production using multicriteria decision-making, Environ Prog Sustainable Energy, 28, 38, 10.1002/ep.10335 Ong, 2011, Comparison of palm oil, Jatropha curcas and Calophyllum inophyllum for biodiesel: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 3501, 10.1016/j.rser.2011.05.005 Hamamci, 2011, Biodiesel production via transesterification from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed oil, Energy Sources Part A, 33, 512, 10.1080/15567030903096964 Graef, 2009, A high-oleic-acid and low-palmitic-acid soybean: agronomic performance and evaluation as a feedstock for biodiesel, Plant Biotechnol J, 7, 411, 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00408.x Ilkılıc, 2017, Biodiesel fuel obtained from sunflower oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, Online J Sci Technol (TOJSAT), 7, 12 Santos, 2013, Sunflower methyl ester as an engine fuel: performance evaluation and emissions analysis, ISRN Renewable Energy, 2013 Khine, 2013, Study on the production of biodiesel from sunflower oil, PCO Proc, 2008, 33 Kaniz, 2012, Biodiesel from sesame oil: base catalyzed transesterification, Int J Eng Technol, 1, 420, 10.14419/ijet.v1i4.335 Fröhlich, 2005, Evaluation of Camelina sativa oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production, Ind Crops Prod, 21, 25, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.004 Hoseini, 2018, The effects of camelina “Soheil” as a novel biodiesel fuel on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine, Appl Sci, 8, 1010, 10.3390/app8061010 Sun, 2014, Optimization of high-energy density biodiesel production from camelina sativa oil under supercritical 1-butanol conditions, Fuel, 135, 522, 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.072 Silitonga, 2016, Synthesis and optimization of Hevea brasiliensis and Ricinus communis as feedstock for biodiesel production: a comparative study, Ind Crops Prod, 85, 274, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.017 Ijaz, 2016, Production, optimization and quality assessment of biodiesel from Ricinus communis L, oil. J Radiat Res Appl Sci, 9, 180, 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.12.005 Hiwot, 2014, Investigation of the chemical composition, characterization and determination of energy content for renewable energy source (biodiesel) produced from non-edible Ethiopian seeds’ particularly castor seed (Ricinus communis) using homogeneous catalysis, Int Lett Chem, Phys Astron, 18, 63, 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILCPA.37.63 Kumar, 2012, Experimental investigation of cotton seed oil and neem methyl esters as biodiesel on CI engine, Int J Modern Eng Res, 2 Ashraful, 2014, Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: a review, Energy Convers Manage, 80, 202, 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.01.037 Kafuku, 2010, Croton megalocarpus oil: a feasible non-edible oil source for biodiesel production, Bioresour Technol, 101, 7000, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.144 Tiwari, 2007, Biodiesel production from jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas) with high free fatty acids: an optimized process, Biomass Bioenergy, 31, 569, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.03.003 Baiju, 2009, A comparative evaluation of compression ignition engine characteristics using methyl and ethyl esters of karanja oil, Renew Energy, 34, 1616, 10.1016/j.renene.2008.11.020 Mohanty, 2012, Biodiesel production from various tree borne oil, J Biofuels, 3, 1, 10.5958/j.0976-3015.3.1.001 Silitonga, 2013, Production of biodiesel from Sterculia foetida and its process optimization, Fuel, 111, 478, 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.051 Bindhu, 2012, Preparation and evaluation of biodiesel from Sterculia foetida seed oil, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 89, 891, 10.1007/s11746-011-1969-7 Ramadhas, 2005, Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil, Fuel, 84, 335, 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.09.016 Susila, 2016, The development of biodiesel production process from rubber seed oil by non catalytic method and degumming, Development, 3 Tashtoush, 2004, Experimental study on evaluation and optimization of conversion of waste animal fat into biodiesel, Energy Convers Manage, 45, 2697, 10.1016/j.enconman.2003.12.009 Bhatti, 2008, Biodiesel production from waste tallow, Fuel, 87, 2961, 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.016 Teixeira, 2009, Comparison between conventional and ultrasonic preparation of beef tallow biodiesel, Fuel Process Technol, 90, 1164, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.05.008 Da Cunha, 2009, Beef tallow biodiesel produced in a pilot scale, Fuel Process Technol, 90, 570, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.01.001 Mata, 2010, Sustainable production of biodiesel from tallow, lard and poultry fat and its quality evaluation, Chem Eng, 19, 3 Mata, 2011, Evaluation of two purification methods of biodiesel from beef tallow, pork lard, and chicken fat, Energy Fuels, 25, 4756, 10.1021/ef2010207 Jagadale, 2012, Production and analysis of chemical properties of chicken fat based biodiesel and its various blends, Int J Eng Res Dev, 1, 34 Banković-Ilić, 2014, Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 32, 238, 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.038 Sadaf, 2018, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: an efficient technique to convert waste into biodiesel, Sustainable Cities and Society Cetinkaya, 2004, Optimization of base-catalyzed transesterification reaction of used cooking oil, Energy Fuels, 18, 1888, 10.1021/ef049891c Phan, 2008, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils, Fuel, 87, 3490, 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.07.008 Verma, 2016, Review of process parameters for biodiesel production from different feedstocks, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 62, 1063, 10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.054 Chhetri, 2008, Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production, Energies, 1, 3, 10.3390/en1010003 Croezen, 2008, Calculating greenhouse gas emissions of EU biofuels Wicke, 2008, Different palm oil production systems for energy purposes and their greenhouse gas implications, Biomass Bioenergy, 32, 1322, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.04.001 Fargione, 2008, Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt, Science, 319, 1235, 10.1126/science.1152747 Chisti, 2013, Constraints to commercialization of algal fuels, J Biotechnol, 167, 201, 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.07.020 Rajaeifar, 2017, Electricity generation and GHG emission reduction potentials through different municipal solid waste management technologies: a comparative review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 79, 414, 10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.109 Rajaeifar, 2019, A review on beet sugar industry with a focus on implementation of waste-to-energy strategy for power supply, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 103, 423, 10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.056 Shirzad, 2019, A comprehensive review on electricity generation and GHG emission reduction potentials through anaerobic digestion of agricultural and livestock/slaughterhouse wastes in Iran, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 111, 571, 10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.011 2016, The EU system for the certification of sustainable biofuels, Luxembourg: European Union Karmakar, 2010, Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production, Bioresour Technol, 101, 7201, 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.079 Pin Koh, 2007, Potential habitat and biodiversity losses from intensified biodiesel feedstock production, Conserv Biol, 21, 1373, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00771.x Koh, 2008, Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity?, Conserv Lett, 1, 60, 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00011.x Gupta, 2016, Strategies for increasing the production of oilseed on a sustainable basis, 1 Gerbens Leenes, 2009, The water footprint of energy from biomass: a quantitative assessment and consequences of an increasing share of bio-energy in energy supply, Ecol Econ, 68, 1052, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.07.013 Berger, 2015, Saving the planet's climate or water resources? The trade-off between carbon and water footprints of European biofuels, Sustainability, 7, 6665, 10.3390/su7066665 Khalife, 2017, A novel emulsion fuel containing aqueous nano cerium oxide additive in diesel–biodiesel blends to improve diesel engines performance and reduce exhaust emissions: part I–experimental analysis, Fuel, 207, 741, 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.033 Aghbashlo, 2017, Neat diesel beats waste-oriented biodiesel from the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental point of views, Energy Convers Manage, 148, 1, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.05.048 No, 2011, Inedible vegetable oils and their derivatives for alternative diesel fuels in CI engines: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 15, 131, 10.1016/j.rser.2010.08.012 Chen, 2015, Intensification of dryland cropping systems for bio-feedstock production: evaluation of agronomic and economic benefits of Camelina sativa, Ind Crops Prod, 71, 114, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.065 McVay, 2011, Camelina yield response to different plant populations under dryland conditions, Agron J, 103, 1265, 10.2134/agronj2011.0057 Sarin, 2009, Studies on Guizotia abyssinica L. oil: biodiesel synthesis and process optimization, Bioresour Technol, 100, 4187, 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.072 Karmee, 2005, Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of Pongamia pinnata, Bioresour Technol, 96, 1425, 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.011 Bockey D.Potentials for raw materials for the production of biodiesel-an analysis. Union Zur Förderung von Oel-und Proteinpflanzen eV, Berlin Stand. 2006;9. Ashok, 2017, Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester biodiesel blend as an alternate fuel for diesel engine applications, Alexandria Eng J Rincón, 2014, Comparison of feedstocks and technologies for biodiesel production: an environmental and techno-economic evaluation, Renew Energy, 69, 479, 10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.058 Syers, 2007 Kostić, 2016, Optimization and kinetic modeling of esterification of the oil obtained from waste plum stones as a pretreatment step in biodiesel production, Waste Manage, 48, 619, 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.052 Wang, 2012, Evaluation of Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) germplasm variability for biodiesel properties, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 89, 1743, 10.1007/s11746-012-2069-z Bateni, 2016, Biodiesel production from castor plant integrating ethanol production via a biorefinery approach, Chem Eng Res Des, 107, 4, 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.014 Ahmad, 2017, Biodiesel synthesis from Saussurea heteromalla (D. Don) Hand-Mazz integrating ethanol production using biorefinery approach, Energy., 141, 1810, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.11.074 Kalia, 2016, Biorefinery for glycerol rich biodiesel industry waste, Indian J Microbiol, 56, 113, 10.1007/s12088-016-0583-7 Rastegari, 2019, Applications of biodiesel by-products, 101 Singh, 2019, Overview of carbon capture Technology: microalgal biorefinery concept and state-of-the-art, Front Mar Sci, 6, 29, 10.3389/fmars.2019.00029 Prieto, 2017, Optimization of an integrated algae-based biorefinery for the production of biodiesel, astaxanthin and PHB, Energy, 139, 1159, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.036 Dineshkumar, 2015, Process integration for microalgal lutein and biodiesel production with concomitant flue gas CO2 sequestration: a biorefinery model for healthcare, energy and environment, RSC Adv, 5, 73381, 10.1039/C5RA09306F Harahap, 2019, Cost competitiveness of palm oil biodiesel production in Indonesia, Energy, 170, 62, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.115 Rodrigues Reis, 2019, Critical applications of Mucor circinelloides within a biorefinery context, Crit Rev Biotechnol, 1 Piloto Rodriguez, 2014, By-products from the vegetable oil industry as a feasible source for biofuels production and pollution reduction, Renewable Energy Power Qual J, 2172 Haas, 2005, Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil soapstock, Fuel Process Technol, 86, 1087, 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.11.004 Che, 2012, Exploring a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in Mediterranean countries: a study on free fatty acid esterification of olive pomace oil, Biomass Bioenergy, 36, 427, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.10.005 Rahimzadeh, 2018, Potential of acid-activated bentonite and SO3H-functionalized MWCNTs for biodiesel production from residual olive oil under biorefinery scheme, Front Energy Res, 6, 137, 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00137 Nelson, 2006, Energetic and economic feasibility associated with the production, processing, and conversion of beef tallow to a substitute diesel fuel, Biomass Bioenergy, 30, 584, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.09.005 Abbass, 2007, Mean percentage of skin and visible fat in 10 chicken carcass weight, Int J Poult Sci, 6, 43, 10.3923/ijps.2007.43.47 Kirubakaran, 2018, A comprehensive review of low cost biodiesel production from waste chicken fat, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 82, 390, 10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.039 Szulczyk, 2018, The potential and environmental ramifications of palm biodiesel: evidence from Malaysia, J Cleaner Prod, 203, 260, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.241 Kheang, 2006, Recovery and conversion of palm olein-derived used frying oil to methyl esters for biodiesel, J Oil Palm Res, 18, 247 Zheng, 2006, Acid-catalyzed production of biodiesel from waste frying oil, Biomass Bioenergy, 30, 267, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.10.004 Wang, 2007, Preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil via two-step catalyzed process, Energy Convers Manage, 48, 184, 10.1016/j.enconman.2006.04.016 2015 Moecke, 2016, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil for use as fuel in artisanal fishing boats: integrating environmental, economic and social aspects, J Cleaner Prod, 135, 679, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.167 Iglesias, 2012, A life cycle assessment comparison between centralized and decentralized biodiesel production from raw sunflower oil and waste cooking oils, J Cleaner Prod, 37, 162, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.07.002 Zheng, 2008, Commodity chemicals derived from glycerol, an important biorefinery feedstock, Chem Rev, 10.1021/cr068216s Villa, 2015, Glycerol oxidation using gold-containing catalysts, Acc Chem Res, 48, 1403, 10.1021/ar500426g Wang, 2015, Catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols: a review, RSC Adv, 5, 74611, 10.1039/C5RA11957J Anitha, 2016, The potential of glycerol as a value-added commodity, Chem Eng J, 295, 119, 10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.012 Ziyai, 2019, Techno-economic comparison of three biodiesel production scenarios enhanced by glycerol supercritical water reforming process, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.017 Chen, 2016, High-purity propionate production from glycerol in mixed culture fermentation, Bioresour Technol, 219, 659, 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.026 May, 2010, Catalytic gasification of glycerol in supercritical water, Chem Eng J, 160, 751, 10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.005 Avasthi, 2013, Challenges in the production of hydrogen from glycerol–a biodiesel byproduct via steam reforming process, Procedia Eng, 51, 423, 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.059 Schwengber, 2016, Overview of glycerol reforming for hydrogen production, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 58, 259, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.279 De Torres, 2012, Glycerol ketals: synthesis and profits in biodiesel blends, Fuel, 94, 614, 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.062 Yang, 2013, Microbial recycling of glycerol to biodiesel, Bioresour Technol, 150, 1, 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.073 Saengarun, 2017, Etherification of glycerol with propylene or 1-butene for fuel additives, Sci World J, 2017 Spooner-Wyman, 2003, Evaluation of di-butoxy glycerol (DBG) for use as a diesel fuel blend component, SAE Technical Paper, 10.4271/2003-01-2281 Katryniok, 2010, Glycerol dehydration to acrolein in the context of new uses of glycerol, Green Chem, 12, 2079, 10.1039/c0gc00307g Vollenweider, 2004, 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde: applications and perspectives of biotechnological production, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 64, 16, 10.1007/s00253-003-1497-y Khayoon, 2013, Yttrium-grafted mesostructured SBA-3 catalyst for the transesterification of glycerol with methyl acetate to synthesize fuel oxygenates, Appl Catal, A, 460, 61, 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.03.045 Bagheri, 2015, Catalytic conversion of biodiesel derived raw glycerol to value added products, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 41, 113, 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.031 Tabatabaei, 2019, Environmental impact assessment of the mechanical shaft work produced in a diesel engine running on diesel/biodiesel blends containing glycerol-derived triacetin, J Cleaner Prod, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.106 Moula, 2017, Public acceptance of biofuels in the transport sector in Finland, Int J Sustainable Built Environ, 6, 434, 10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.07.008 Gracia, 2018, Overcoming the barriers for biodiesel use in Spain: an analysis of the role of convenience and price, J Cleaner Prod, 172, 391, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.013 Paravantis, 2018, Social acceptance of renewable energy projects: a contingent valuation investigation in Western Greece, Renew Energy, 123, 639, 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.068 Amin, 2017, Determinants of stakeholders’ attitudes towards biodiesel, Biotechnol Biofuels, 10, 219, 10.1186/s13068-017-0908-8 Aransiola, 2014, A review of current technology for biodiesel production: state of the art, Biomass Bioenergy, 61, 276, 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.014 Ghazali, 2015, Effects of biodiesel from different feedstocks on engine performance and emissions: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 51, 585, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.031 Pinzi, 2014, Latest trends in feedstocks for biodiesel production. Biofuels, Bioprod Biorefin, 8, 126, 10.1002/bbb.1435 Mansir, 2017, Investigation of heterogeneous solid acid catalyst performance on low grade feedstocks for biodiesel production: a review, Energy Convers Manage, 141, 171, 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.037 Go, 2016, Developments in in-situ (trans) esterification for biodiesel production: a critical review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 60, 284, 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.070 Chuah, 2017, A review of cleaner intensification technologies in biodiesel production, J Cleaner Prod, 146, 181, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.017 Anuar, 2016, Challenges in biodiesel industry with regards to feedstock, environmental, social and sustainability issues: a critical review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 58, 208, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.296 Adewale, 2015, Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 45, 574, 10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.039 Saifuddin, 2015, A review on processing technology for biodiesel production, Trends Appl Sci Res, 10, 1, 10.3923/tasr.2015.1.37 Suresh, 2018, A review on biodiesel production, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of non-edible oils in variable compression ratio diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 92, 38, 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.048 Gumba, 2016, Green biodiesel production: a review on feedstock, catalyst, monolithic reactor, and supercritical fluid technology, Biofuel Res J, 3, 431, 10.18331/BRJ2016.3.3.3 Ambat, 2018, Recent advancement in biodiesel production methodologies using various feedstock: a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 90, 356, 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.069 Mahmudul, 2017, Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines–a review, Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 72, 497, 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.001