Herbivore responses to nutrient enrichment and landscape heterogeneity in a mangrove ecosystem

Alongi DM, Boto KG, Robertson AI (1992) Nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. In: Robertson AI, Alongi DM (eds) Tropical mangrove ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., pp 251–292

Bazzaz FA, Chiariello NR, Coley PD, Pitelka LF (1987) Allocating resources to reproduction and defense. Bioscience 37:58–67

Beever III JW, Simberloff D, King LL (1979) Herbivory and predation by the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii. Oecologia 43:317–328

Boto KG, Wellington JT (1983) Phosphorus and nitrogen nutritional status of a northern Australian mangrove forest. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 11:63–69

Burrows DW (2003) The role of insect herbivory on the mangroves Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa. PhD dissertation, James Cook University, Townsville

Chen R, Twilley RR (1999) Patterns of mangrove forest structure and soil nutrient dynamics along the shark river estuary, Florida. Estuaries 22:955–970

Cintròn G, Lugo AE, Martinez R (1985) Structural and functional properties of mangrove forests. In: D’Arcy WG, Correa MD (eds) The botany and natural history of Panama. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Mo., pp 53–66

Clay RE, Andersen AN (1996) Ant fauna of a mangrove community in the Australian seasonal tropics, with particular reference to zonation. Aust J Zool 44:521–533

Coley PD, Barone JA (1996) Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 27:305–335

Coley PD, Bryant JP, Chapin III FS (1985) Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230:895–899

Condit R, Pitman N, Leigh Jr EG, Chave J, Terborgh J, Foster RB, Nuñez P, Aguilar S, Valencia R, Villa G, Muller-Landau HC, Losos E, Hubbell SP (2002) Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science 295:666–669

Cornell HV, Hawkins BA, Hochberg ME (1998) Towards an empirically based theory of herbivore demography. Ecol Entomol 23:340–349

Cyr H, Pace ML (1993) Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 361:148–150

Denno RF, Fagan WF (2003) Might nitrogen limitation promote omnivory among carnivorous arthropods. Ecology 84:2522–2531

Downing JA, Osenberg CW, Sarnelle O (1999) Meta-analysis of marine nutrient-enrichment experiments: variation in the magnitude of nutrient limitation. Ecology 80:1157–1167

Erickson AA, Saltis M, Bell SS, Dawes CJ (2003) Herbivore feeding preferences as measured by leaf damage and stomatal ingestion: a mangrove crab example. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 289:123–138

Farnsworth EJ (1998) Issues of spatial, taxonomic and temporal scale in delineating links between mangrove diversity and ecosystem function. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 7:15–25

Farnsworth EJ, Ellison AM (1991) Patterns of herbivory in Belizean mangrove swamps. Biotropica 23:555–567

Farnsworth EJ, Ellison AM (1993) Dynamics of herbivory in Belizean mangal. J Trop Ecol 9:435–455

Feller IC (1995) Effects of nutrient enrichment on growth and herbivory of dwarf red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). Ecol Monogr 65:477–505

Feller IC (2002) The role of herbivory by wood-boring insects in mangrove ecosystems in Belize. Oikos 97:167–176

Feller IC, Mathis WN (1997) Primary herbivory by wood-boring insects along a tree-height architectural gradient of Rhizophora mangle L. in Belizean mangrove swamps. Biotropica 29:440–451

Feller IC, McKee KL (1999) Light-gap creation in a Belizean red-mangrove forest by a wood-boring insect. Biotropica 31:607–617

Feller IC, Lovelock CE, McKee KL (2007) Nutrient addition differentially affects ecological processes of Avicennia germinans in nitrogen versus phosphorus limited mangrove ecosystems. Ecosystems (in press)

Feller IC, McKee KL, Whigham DF, O’Neill JP (2003) Nitrogen versus phosphorus limitation across an ecotonal gradient in a mangrove forest. Biogeochemistry 62:145–175

Feller IC, Whigham DF, O’Neill JP, McKee KL (1999) Effects of nutrient enrichment on within-stand nutrient cycling in mangrove ecosystems in Belize. Ecology 80:2193–2205

Forkner RE, Hunter MD (2000) What goes up must come down? Nutrient addition and predation pressure on oak herbivores. Ecology 81:1588–1600

Forrester GE, Dudley TL, Grimm NB (1999) Trophic interactions in open systems: effects of predators and nutrients on stream food chains. Limnol Oceanogr 44:1187–1197

Fraser LH, Grime JP (1998) Top-down control and its effect on the biomass and composition of three grasses at high and low soil fertility in outdoor microcosms. Oecologia 113:239–246

Fraser LH (1998) Top-down versus bottom-up control influenced by productivity in a north Derbyshire, UK, dale. Oikos 81:99–108

Fukui A (2001) Indirect interactions mediated by leaf shelters in animal-plant communities. Popul Ecol 43:31–40

Gill AM, Tomlinson PB (1969) Studies on the growth of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.). 1. Habit and general morphology. Biotropica 1:1–9

Golley FB, McGinnis JT, Clements RG, Child GI, Duever MJ (1975) Mineral cycling in a tropical moist forest ecosystem. University of Georgia Press, Ga.

Goranson CE, Ho K, Pennings SC (2004) Environmental gradients and herbivore feeding preferences in coastal salt marshes. Oecologia 140:591–600

Hochuli DF (2001) Insect herbivory and ontogeny: How do growth and development influence feeding behaviour, morphology and host use? Aust Ecol 26:563–570

Holmer M, Andersen FØ, Holmboe N, Kristensen E, Thongtham N (1999) Transformation and exchange processes in the Bang rong mangrove forest-seagrass bed system, Thailand: seasonal variations in benthic primary production and nutrient dynamics. Aquat Microb Ecol 20:203–212

Hunter MD, Price PW (1992) Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73:724–732

Landsberg J, Ohmart C (1989) Levels of insect defoliation in forests: patterns and concepts. Trends Ecol Evol 4:96–100

Lovelock CE, Feller IC, McKee KL, Engelbrecht BMJ, Ball MC (2004) The effect of nutrient enrichment on growth, photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance of dwarf mangroves in Panamá. Funct Ecol 18:25–33

Lovett GM, Jones CG, Turner MG, Weathers KC (2005) Ecosystem function in heterogeneous landscapes. Springer, New York

Lugo AE (1997) Old-growth mangrove forests in the United States. Conserv Biol 11:11–20

Lugo AE, Snedaker SC (1974) The ecology of mangroves. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 5:39–64

Macintyre IG, Toscano MA, Bond GB (2004) Modern sedimentary environments, Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Atoll Res Bull 509:12

McKee KL (1993) Soil physiochemical patterns and mangrove species distribution: reciprocal effects. J Ecol 81:477–487

McKee KL (1995) Seedling recruitment patterns in a Belizean mangrove forest: effects of establishment ability and physico-chemical factors. Oecologia 101:448–460

McKee KL, Cahoon C, Feller IC (in press) Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea-level through biotic controls on soil elevation change. Glob Ecol Biogeogr

McKee KL, Feller IC, Popp M, Wanek W (2002) Mangrove isotopic fractionation (δ15N and δ13C) across a nitrogen versus phosphorus limitation gradient. Ecology 83:1065–1075

McKeon CS, Feller IC (2004) The supratidal fauna of Twin Cays, Belize. Atoll Res Bull 526:22

Moon DC, Stiling P (2002) The influence of species identity and herbivore feeding mode on top-down and bottom-up effects in a saltmarsh system. Oecologia 133:243–253

Morin PJ (2000) Biodiversity’s ups and downs. Nature 406:263–264

National Research Council (NRC) (2001) Grand challenges in environmental science. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Odum WE, EJ Heald (1975) The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community. In: Cronin LE(ed) Estuarine research. Academic Press, New York, pp 265–286

Onuf CP, Teal JM, Valiela I (1977) Interactions of nutrients, plant growth and herbivory in a mangrove ecosystem. Ecology 58:514–526

Pedigo LP, Hutchins SH, Higley LG (1986) Economic injury levels in theory and practice. Annu Rev Entomol 31:341–368

Peterson RKD, LG Higley (2000) Biotic stress and yield loss. CRC, Boca Raton, Fla.

Polis GA, Anderson WB, Holt RD (1997) Toward an integration of landscape and food web ecology: the dynamics of spatially subsidized food webs. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 28:289–316

Price PW (1991) The plant vigor hypothesis and herbivore attack. Oikos 62:244–251

Risley LS, Crossley Jr DA (1988) Herbivore-caused greenfall in the southern Appalachians. Ecology 69:1118–1127

Rodriguez W, Feller IC (2004) Mangrove landscape characterization and change in Twin Cays, Belize using aerial photography and IKONOS satellite data. Atoll Res Bull 513:22

Rützler K, Goodbody I, Diaz MC, Feller IC, Macintyre IG (2004) The aquatic environment of Twin Cays, Belize. Atoll Res Bull 512:31

Schade J, Kyle M, Hobbie S, Fagan W, Elser JJ (2003) Stoichiometric tracking of soil nutrients by a desert insect herbivore. Ecol Lett 6:96–101

Silver WL, Scatena FN, Johnson AH, Siccama TG, Sanchez MJ (1994) Nutrient availability in a montane wet tropical forest: spatial patterns and methodological considerations. Plant Soil 164:129–145

Sollins P (1998) Factors influencing species composition in tropical lowland rain forest: does soil matter? Ecology 79:23–30

Stiling P, Rossi AM (1997) Experimental manipulations of top-down and bottom-up factors in a tri-trophic system. Ecology 78:1602–1606

Stiling P, Moon DC (2005) Quality or quantity: the direct and indirect effects of host plants on herbivores and their natural enemies. Oecologia 142:413–420

Thies C, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T (2003) Effects of landscape context on herbivory and parasitism at different spatial scales. Oikos 101:18–25

Valiela I, Rutecki D, Fox S (2004) Salt marshes: biological controls of food webs in a diminishing environment. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 300:131–159

WagnerDL, Loose JL, Fitzgerald TD, De Benedictis JA, Davis DR (2000) A hidden past: the hypermetamorphic development of Marmara arbutiella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 93:59–64

Warner GF (1967) The life-history of the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii. J Zool 153:321–335

Wiens JA (1989) Spatial scaling in ecology. Funct Ecol 3:385–397

Wiens JA, Schooley RL, Weeks RD Jr (1997) Patchy landscapes and animal movements: do beetles percolate? Oikos 78:257–264