Risk factors of postoperative spinal epidural hematoma after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery

Cloward, 1952, Recent improvements in the surgical treatment of low back pain due to rupture lumbar intervertebral discs, Hawaii Med J, 11, 279 Cole, 2009, Comparison of low back fusion techniques: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches, Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2, 118, 10.1007/s12178-009-9053-8 Kunze, 2011, [Posterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF/TLIF) for the treatment of localised segment degeneration of lumbar spine], Z Orthop Unfall, 149, 312, 10.1055/s-0030-1250689 Harms, 1982, [A one-stager procedure in operative treatment of spondylolistheses: dorsal traction-reposition and anterior fusion (author's transl)], Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 120, 343, 10.1055/s-2008-1051624 Zhou, 2010, [Treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with microendoscopic surgery], Zhongguo Gu Shang, 23, 251 Dhall, 2008, Clinical and radiographic comparison of mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in 42 patients with long-term follow-up, J Neurosurg Spine, 9, 560, 10.3171/SPI.2008.9.08142 Schizas, 2009, Minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: evaluating initial experience, Int Orthop, 33, 1683, 10.1007/s00264-008-0687-8 Bindal, 2008, Surgeon and patient radiation exposure in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, J Neurosurg Spine, 9, 570, 10.3171/SPI.2008.4.08182 Goldstein, 2014, Comparative outcomes of minimally invasive surgery for posterior lumbar fusion: a systematic review, Clin Orthop Relat Res, 472, 1727, 10.1007/s11999-014-3465-5 Ciufo, 2019, Risk factors for reoperation, readmission, and early complications after below knee amputation, Injury, 50, 462, 10.1016/j.injury.2018.10.031 Lin, 2017, Mortality, readmission, and reoperation after hip fracture in nonagenarians, BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 18, 144, 10.1186/s12891-017-1493-5 Chimenti, 2013, Post-operative spinal epidural hematoma causing American Spinal Injury Association B spinal cord injury in patients with suction wound drains, J Spinal Cord Med, 36, 213, 10.1179/2045772312Y.0000000070 Green, 2020, Neuroanatomy, Spinal Cord Veins Raasck, 2017, Nonsurgical management of an extensive spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma causing quadriplegia and respiratory distress in a choledocholithiasis patient: a case report, Medicine (Baltimore), 96, e9368, 10.1097/MD.0000000000009368 Rama-Maceiras, 2011, Unplanned surgical reoperations in a tertiary hospital: perioperative mortality and associated risk factors, Eur J Anaesthesiol, 28, 10, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32833e33b0 Merkow, 2009, Variability in reoperation rates at 182 hospitals: a potential target for quality improvement, J Am Coll Surg, 209, 557, 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.07.003 Dierks, 2010, Diagnostic, surgical judgment, and systems issues leading to reoperation: mining administrative databases, Am J Surg, 199, 324, 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.09.020 Usubiaga, 1967, Epidural pressure and its relation to spread of anesthetic solutions in epidural space, Anesth Analg, 46, 440, 10.1213/00000539-196707000-00017 Narouze, 2018, Reg Anesth Pain Med, 43, 225 Modi, 2011, Postoperative spinal epidural hematoma after microscopic lumbar decompression: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging study in 89 patients, J Spinal Disord Tech, 24, 146, 10.1097/BSD.0b013e3181e1958e Liang, 2017, The effects of baicalin and baicalein on cerebral ischemia: a review, Aging Dis, 8, 850, 10.14336/AD.2017.0829 Turan, 2011, Serum alkaline phosphatase levels in healthy children and evaluation of alkaline phosphatase z-scores in different types of rickets, J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol, 3, 7, 10.4274/jcrpe.v3i1.02 Shimomura, 2018, Treadmill Running Ameliorates Destruction of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone, Not Only Synovitis, in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Rat Model, Int J Mol Sci, 19, 1653, 10.3390/ijms19061653 Kou, 2002, Risk factors for spinal epidural hematoma after spinal surgery, Spine (Phil Pa 1976), 27, 1670, 10.1097/00007632-200208010-00016 Blecher, 2014, Incidental dural tears during lumbar spine surgery: a retrospective case study of 84 degenerative lumbar spine patients, Asian Spine J, 8, 639, 10.4184/asj.2014.8.5.639 Ehresman, 2020, Incidental durotomy: predictive risk model and external validation of natural language process identification algorithm, J Neurosurg Spine, 1 Awad, 2005, Analysis of the risk factors for the development of post-operative spinal epidural haematoma, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 87, 1248, 10.1302/0301-620X.87B9.16518 von Eckardstein, 2016, Use of closed suction devices and other drains in spinal surgery: results of an online. Germany-wide questionnaire, Eur Spine J, 25, 708, 10.1007/s00586-015-3790-8 Mirzai, 2006, Are drains useful for lumbar disc surgery?. A prospective, randomized clinical study, J Spinal Disord Tech, 19, 171, 10.1097/01.bsd.0000190560.20872.a7 Kotil, 2016, Closed Drainage versus Non-Drainage for Single-Level Lumbar Disc Surgery: Relationship between Epidural Hematoma and Fibrosis, Asian Spine J, 10, 1072, 10.4184/asj.2016.10.6.1072 Uribe, 2003, Delayed postoperative spinal epidural hematomas, Spine J, 3, 125, 10.1016/S1529-9430(02)00535-1 Wang, 2015, Comparison of clinical outcomes of anterior versus posterior surgery in treating multi-segmental cervical degeneration, Cell Biochem Biophys, 71, 1077, 10.1007/s12013-014-0311-z Liao, 2009, Surgical treatment of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma: a 5-year experience, J Neurosurg Spine, 11, 480, 10.3171/2009.4.SPINE08904