Rictor, a Novel Binding Partner of mTOR, Defines a Rapamycin-Insensitive and Raptor-Independent Pathway that Regulates the Cytoskeleton

Kim, 2002, mTOR interacts with Raptor to form a nutrient-sensitive complex that signals to the cell growth machinery, Cell, 110, 163, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00808-5 Kim, 2003, Gβl, Mol. Cell, 11, 895, 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00114-X Hara, 2002, Raptor, a binding partner of Target of Rapamycin (TOR), mediates TOR action, Cell, 110, 177, 10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00833-4 Chen, 1997, A novel cytosolic regulator, Pianissimo, is required for chemoattractant receptor and G protein-mediated activation of the 12 transmembrane domain adenylyl cyclase in Dictyostelium, Genes Dev., 11, 3218, 10.1101/gad.11.23.3218 Hilti, 1999, Gene ste20 controls amiloride sensitivity and fertility in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Curr. Genet., 35, 585, 10.1007/s002940050456 Loewith, 2002, Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control, Mol. Cell, 10, 457, 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00636-6 Wedaman, 2003, Tor Kinases are in distinct membrane-associated protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mol. Biol. Cell, 14, 1204, 10.1091/mbc.E02-09-0609 Hara, 1998, Amino acid sufficiency and mTOR regulate p70 S6 kinase and eIF-4E BP1 through a common effector mechanism, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 14484, 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14484 Lynch, 2000, Regulation of amino acid-sensitive TOR signaling by leucine analogues in adipocytes, J. Cell. Biochem., 77, 234, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(20000501)77:2<234::AID-JCB7>3.0.CO;2-I Xu, 2001, Metabolic regulation by leucine of translation initiation through the mTOR-signaling pathway by pancreatic beta-cells, Diabetes, 50, 353, 10.2337/diabetes.50.2.353 Burnett, 1998, RAFT1 phosphorylation of the translational regulators p70 S6 kinase and 4E–BP1, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 1432, 10.1073/pnas.95.4.1432 Isotani, 1999, Immunopurified mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylates and activates p70 S6 kinase alpha in vitro, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 34493, 10.1074/jbc.274.48.34493 Kuo, 1992, Rapamycin selectively inhibits interleukin-2 activation of p70 S6 kinase, Nature, 358, 70, 10.1038/358070a0 Chung, 1992, Rapamycin-FKBP specifically blocks growth-dependent activation of and signaling by the 70 kD S6 protein kinases, Cell, 69, 1227, 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90643-Q Brunn, 1996, Direct inhibition of the signaling functions of the mammalian target of rapamycin by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and Ly294002, EMBO J., 15, 5256, 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00911.x Stewart, 2003, Lentivirus-delivered stable gene silencing by RNAi in primary cells, RNA, 9, 493, 10.1261/rna.2192803 Wang, 2001, Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90(RSK1) and p70 S6 kinase, EMBO J., 20, 4370, 10.1093/emboj/20.16.4370 Gysin, 1996, Replacement of Ser657 of protein kinase C-alpha by alanine leads to premature down regulation after phorbol-ester-induced translocation to the membrane, Eur. J. Biochem., 240, 747, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0747h.x Nakashima, 2002, Protein kinase C alpha (PKC alpha), J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 132, 669, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003272 Schmidt, 1997, The yeast phosphatidylinositol kinase homolog TOR2 activates RHO1 and RHO2 via the exchange factor ROM2, Cell, 88, 531, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81893-0 Turner, 2000, Paxillin and focal adhesion signalling, Nat. Cell Biol., 2, E231, 10.1038/35046659