Detecting structural changes induced by Heterobasidion root rot on Scots pines using terrestrial laser scanning

Alexander, 1980, Association of Heterobasidion annosum and the Southern Pine Beetle on Loblolly Pine, Phytopathology, 70, 510, 10.1094/Phyto-70-510 Asiegbu, 2008, Conifer root and butt rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l, Mol. Plant Pathol., 6, 395, 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00295.x Azuan, 2019, Analysis of changes in oil palm canopy architecture from basal stem rot using terrestrial laser scanner, Plant Dis., 103, 3218, 10.1094/PDIS-10-18-1721-RE Barbeito, 2017, Terrestrial laser scanning reveals differences in crown structure of Fagus sylvatica in mixed vs. pure European forests, For. Ecol. Manage., 405, 381, 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.09.043 Bauwens, 2016, Forest inventory with terrestrial LiDAR: A comparison of static and hand-held mobile laser scanning, Forests, 7, 127, 10.3390/f7060127 Bienert, 2018, Comparison and combination of mobile and terrestrial laser scanning for natural forest inventories, Forests, 395, 9 Bonello, 2008, Systemic effects of Heterobasidion annosum s.s. infection on severity of Diplodia pinea tip blight and terpenoid metabolism in Italian stone pine (Pinus pinea), Tree Physiol., 28, 1653, 10.1093/treephys/28.11.1653 Boudon, 2014, Quantitative assessment of automatic reconstructions of branching systems obtained from laser scanning, Ann. Bot., 114, 853, 10.1093/aob/mcu062 Byler, J.W., 1989. Symptoms and Diagnosis of Annosus Root Disease in the Intermountain Western United States. In: Otrosina, W.J., Scharpf, R.W. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Research and Management of Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum) in Western North America. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, pp. 37–39. DeNitto, G.A., 1989. Characteristics of Annosus Root Disease in the Pacific Southwest. In: Otrosina, W.J., Scharpf, R.F. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Research and Management of Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum) in Western North America. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, pp. 43–47. Disney, 2019, Innovations in ground and airborne technologies as reference and for training and validation: Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Surv. Geophys., 40, 937, 10.1007/s10712-019-09527-x Eyles, 2007, Cross-induction of systemic induced resistance between an insect and a fungal pathogen in Austrian pine over a fertility gradient, Oecologia, 153, 365, 10.1007/s00442-007-0741-z Garbelotto, 2013, Biology, epidemiology, and control of Heterobasidion Species worldwide, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 51, 39, 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102225 Gibbs, 1967, The role of host vigour in the susceptibility of pines to Fomes annosus, Ann. Bot., 31, 803, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084184 Gonthier, 2013, Annosus root and butt rots, 128 Greig, 1998, Field recognition and diagnosis of Heterobasidion annosum, 35 Greig, 1976, Some observations on the longevity of Fomes annosus in conifer stumps, Forest Pathol., 6, 250, 10.1111/j.1439-0329.1976.tb00533.x Husin, 2020, Application of ground-based LiDAR for analysing oil palm canopy properties on the occurrence of Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease, Sci. Rep., 10, 6464, 10.1038/s41598-020-62275-6 Hynynen, 1995, Ensiharvennuksen viivästymisen ja harvennusvoimakkuuden vaikutus nuoren männikön kehitykseen, Folia Forestalia, 99 Jankowiak, 2008, Associations between Pityogenes bidentatus and fungi in young managed Scots pine stands in Poland, Forest Pathol., 38, 169, 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00535.x Johansson, 2002, Treatment of Norway spruce and Scots pine stumps with urea against the root and butt rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum - possible modes of action, For. Ecol. Manage., 157, 87, 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00661-7 Khosrokhani, 2018, Geospatial technologies for detection and monitoring of Ganoderma basal stem rot infection in oil palm plantations: a review on sensors and techniques, Geocarto International, 33, 260, 10.1080/10106049.2016.1243410 Kolosova, 2012, Conifer Defense Against Insects and Fungal Pathogens, 85 Korhonen, K., 1978. Intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae 94. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki. Kurkela, 2002, Crown Condition as an Indicator of the Incidence of Root Rot Caused by Heterobasidion annosum in Scots Pine Stands, Silva Fennica, 36, 451, 10.14214/sf.537 Laasasenaho, J., 1982. Taper curve and volume functions for pine, spruce and birch. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki. Laine, 1976 Liang, 2016, Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 115, 63, 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006 Li, 2020, Retrieval of tree branch architecture attributes from terrestrial laser scan data using a Laplacian algorithm, Agric. For. Meteorol., 284, 10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107874 Lygis, 2004, Planting Betula pendula on pine sites infested by Heterobasidion annosum: disease transfer, silvicultural evaluation, and community of wood-inhabiting fungi, Can. J. For. Res., 34, 120, 10.1139/x03-202 Malhi, 2018, New perspectives on the ecology of tree structure and tree communities through terrestrial laser scanning, Interface Focus, 8, 20170052, 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0052 Marčiulynas, 2020, Resistance of Scots pine half-sib families to Heterobasidion annosum in progeny field trials, Silva Fennica, 54, 10276, 10.14214/sf.10276 Martin-Ducup, 2016, Response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.) tree crown structure to competition in pure versus mixed stands, For. Ecol. Manage., 374, 20, 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.04.047 Metz, 2013, Crown modeling by terrestrial laser scanning as an approach to assess the effect of aboveground intra- and interspecific competition on tree growth, For. Ecol. Manage., 310, 275, 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.014 Mukrimin, 2019, Evaluation of potential genetic and chemical markers for Scots pine tolerance against Heterobasidion annosum infection, Planta, 250, 1881, 10.1007/s00425-019-03270-8 Nicolotti, 1999, Effectiveness of some biocontrol and chemical treatments against Heterobasidion annosum on Norway spruce stumps, Eur. J. For. Pathol., 29, 339, 10.1046/j.1439-0329.1999.00159.x Olofsson, 2016, Single tree stem profile detection using terrestrial laser scanner data, flatness saliency features and curvature properties, Forests, 7, 207, 10.3390/f7090207 Perttunen, J., Sievänen, R., Piri, T., Kalliokoski, T., 2013. Modelling the colonization of the decay fungus Heterobasidion annosum in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) root system. In: Saariselkä, Finland, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Functional-Structural Plant Models. Otrosina, 1997, Blue-stain Fungi Associated with Roots of Southern Pine Trees Attacked by the Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, Plant Dis., 81, 942, 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.8.942 Piri, 2000, Response of compensatory-fertilized Pinus sylvestris to infection by Heterobasidion annosum, Scandinavian J. Forest Res., 15, 218, 10.1080/028275800750015037 Piri, 2003, Early development of root rot in young Norway spruce planted on sites infected by Heterobasidion in southern Finland, Can. J. For. Res., 33, 604, 10.1139/x02-200 Pitkänen, 2019, Measuring stem diameters with TLS in boreal forests by complementary fitting procedure, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 147, 294, 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.11.027 Puletti, 2019, Evaluating the Eccentricities of Poplar Stem Profiles with Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Forests, 10, 239, 10.3390/f10030239 Pyörälä, 2018, Assessing branching structure for biomass and wood quality estimation using terrestrial laser scanning point clouds, Can. J. Remote Sens., 44, 462, 10.1080/07038992.2018.1557040 Ruotsalainen, 2014, Increased forest production through forest tree breeding, Scand. J. For. Res., 29, 333, 10.1080/02827581.2014.926100 Rönnberg, 2006, Two studies to assess the risk to Pinus sylvestris from Heterobasidion spp. in southern Sweden, Scand. J. For. Res., 21, 405, 10.1080/02827580600917379 Saarinen, 2017, Feasibility of Terrestrial laser scanning for collecting stem volume information from single trees, ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens., 123, 140, 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.012 Seidel, 2015, How neighborhood affects tree diameter increment – New insights from terrestrial laser scanning and some methodical considerations, For. Ecol. Manage., 336, 119, 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.10.020 Seidel, 2011, Crown plasticity in mixed forests—Quantifying asymmetry as a measure of competition using terrestrial laser scanning, For. Ecol. Manage., 261, 2123, 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.03.008 Swedjemark, 1995, Susceptibility of conifer and broadleaf seedlings to Swedish S and P strains of Heterobasidion annosum, Plant. Pathol., 44, 73, 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02717.x Van Laar, 2007 Wang, 2014, Incidence and impact of root infection by Heterobasidion spp., and the justification for preventative silvicultural measures on Scots pine trees: A case study in southern Sweden, For. Ecol. Manage., 315, 153, 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.023 Varese, 2003, Long-term effects on other fungi are studied in biological and chemical stump treatments in the fight against Heterobasidion annosum coll, Mycologia, 95, 379, 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833082 Werner, 2002, Intraspecific variation in Heterobasidion annosum for mortality rate on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings grown in pure culture, Mycologia, 94, 856, 10.2307/3761700 Woodward, 1998 Zaļuma, 2019, Infection and spread of root rot caused by Heterobasidion spp. in Pinus contorta plantations in Northern Europe: three case studies, Can. J. For. Res., 49, 969, 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0507