Influence of dietary soy and phytase levels on performance and body composition of large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and algal availability of phosphorus load

AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, 16th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.

Austreng, 1978, Digestibility determination in fish using chromic oxide marking and analysis of contents from different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, Aquaculture, 13, 265, 10.1016/0044-8486(78)90008-X

Cain, 1995, Pretreatment of soybean meal with phytase for salmonid diets to reduce phosphorus concentrations in hatchery effluents, Prog. Fish Cult., 57, 114, 10.1577/1548-8640(1995)057<0114:POSMWP>2.3.CO;2

Dabrowski, 1989, Effect of partially or totally replacing fish meal protein by soybean meal protein on growth, food utilization and proteolytic enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). New in vivo test for exocrine pancreatic secretion, Aquaculture, 77, 29, 10.1016/0044-8486(89)90019-7

Davies, 1997, Influence of multiple amino acid supplementation on the performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), fed soya-based diets, Aquacult. Res., 28, 65, 10.1111/j.1365-2109.1997.tb01316.x

DePinto, 1981, Algal-available phosphorus in suspended sediments from lower Great Lakes tributaries, J. Great Lakes Res., 7, 311, 10.1016/S0380-1330(81)72059-8

Ekholm, 1994, Bioavailability of phosphorus in agriculturally loaded rivers in southern Finland, Hydrobiologia, 287, 179, 10.1007/BF00010733

Eya, 1997, Available phosphorus requirements of food-size channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed practical diets in ponds, Aquaculture, 154, 283, 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00055-0

Eya, 1998, Effects of dietary phosphorus on resistance of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge, J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 10, 28, 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0028:EODPOR>2.0.CO;2

Harland, 1986, Anion-exchange method for determination of phytate in foods: collaborative study, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 69, 667

Jackson, 1996, Use of microbial phytase in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus diets to improve utilization of phytate phosphorus, J. World Aquacult. Soc., 27, 309, 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00613.x

Kaushik, 1995, Partial or total replacement of fish meal by soybean protein on growth, protein utilization, potential estrogenic or antigenic effects, cholesterolemia and flesh quality in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aquaculture, 133, 257, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00403-B

Kim, 1998, Nitrogen and phosphorus utilisation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with or without fish meal, Aquat. Living Resour., 11, 261, 10.1016/S0990-7440(98)80009-0

Kotai, J., 1972. Instructions for preparation of modified nutrient solution Z8 for algae. NIVA Publ. B-11/69.

Lall, S.P., 1991. Digestibility, metabolism and excretion of dietary phosphorus in fish. In: Cowey, C.B., Cho, C.Y. (Eds.), Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste. University of Guelph, Guelph, pp. 21–50.

Lanari, 1998, Use of nonlinear regression to evaluate the effects of phytase enzyme treatment of plant protein diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture, 161, 345, 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00282-2

Liener, 1994, Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 34, 31, 10.1080/10408399409527649

March, 1985, Techniques for evaluation of dietary protein quality for the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), Aquaculture, 47, 275, 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90213-3

Martin, 1998, Strategies to improve the nutritive value of rice bran in poultry diets: IV. Effects of addition of fish meal and a microbial phytase to duckling diets on bird performance and amino acid digestibility, Br. Poult. Sci., 39, 612, 10.1080/00071669888476

Médale, 1998, Voluntary feed intake, nitrogen and phosphorus losses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate, Aquat. Living Resour., 11, 239, 10.1016/S0990-7440(98)89006-2

Murai, 1992, Protein nutrition of rainbow trout, Aquaculture, 100, 191, 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90371-Q

Murai, 1989, Utilization of soy flour by fingerling rainbow trout having different body size, Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 55, 1067, 10.2331/suisan.55.1067

Nakamura, 1985, Sodium-dependent absorption of inorganic phosphate by the carp intestine, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 80A, 437, 10.1016/0300-9629(85)90064-7

National Research Council (NRC), 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academic Press, Washington, DC, 114 pp.

Oliva-Teles, 1994, The effect of different processing treatments on soybean meal utilization by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aquaculture, 124, 343, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90407-3

Olli, 1994, Nutritive value of four soybean products as protein sources in diets for rainbow trout reared in fresh water, Acta Agric. Scand., Sect. A, Anim. Sci., 44, 185

Petterson, K., 1986. Betydelsen av fiskfoders fosforsammansättning för fosforläckäge till vatten från foderspill och fekalier. Limnologiska institut Uppsala, LIU B:18, 34 pp. (in Swedish).

Pfeffer, 1991, Hydrothermically treated soy beans as source of dietary protein for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, R.), Arch. Anim. Nutr., 41, 223

Pfeffer, 1994, Evaluation of potential sources of protein in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Arch. Anim. Nutr., 45, 371

Rodehutscord, 1996, Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 200 g to supplements of dibasic sodium phosphate in a semipurified diet, J. Nutr., 126, 324, 10.1093/jn/126.1.324

Rodehutscord, 1995, Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility and utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Water Sci. Technol., 31, 143, 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00433-N

Rodehutscord, 1995, Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 150 g to supplements of dl-methionine in a semipurified diet containing low or high levels of cystine, J. Nutr., 125, 964

Rodehutscord, 1997, Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to supplements of individual essential amino acids in a semipurified diet, including an estimate of the maintenance requirement for essential amino acids, J. Nutr., 126, 1166, 10.1093/jn/127.6.1166

Rumsey, 1993, Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 40, 135, 10.1016/0377-8401(93)90152-A

Rumsey, 1994, Effect of soybean protein on serological response, non-specific defense mechanisms, growth, and protein utilization in rainbow trout, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 41, 323, 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90105-8

Ruohonen, 1998, Individual measurements and nested designs in aquaculture experiments: a simulation study, Aquaculture, 165, 149, 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00252-X

Sanz, 1994, Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets: protein and energy utilization, Aquaculture, 128, 287, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90318-2

Sebastian, 1997, Apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids in broiler chickens fed a corn–soybean diet supplemented with microbial phytase, Poult. Sci., 76, 1760, 10.1093/ps/76.12.1760

Shearer, 1995, The use of factorial modeling to determine the dietary requirements for essential elements in fishes, Aquaculture, 133, 57, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00405-D

Singh, 1982, Inhibition of trypsin activity in vitro by phytate, J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 799, 10.1021/jf00112a049

Skonberg, 1997, Metabolic response to dietary phosphorus intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture, 157, 11, 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00141-5

Spinelli, 1983, The effect of phytates on the growth of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed purified diets containing varying quantities of calcium and magnesium, Aquaculture, 30, 71, 10.1016/0044-8486(83)90153-9

Stickney, 1996, The effects of substituting selected oilseed protein concentrates for fish meal in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss diets, J. World Aquacult. Soc., 27, 57, 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00594.x

Storebakken, 1998, Availability of protein, phosphorus and other elements in fish meal, soy-protein concentrate and phytase-treated soy-protein-concentrate-based diets to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, Aquaculture, 161, 365, 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00284-6

Taussky, 1953, A microcolorimetric method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus, J. Biol. Chem., 202, 675, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)66180-0

Teskeredzic, 1995, Assessment of underphytinized and dephytinized rapeseed protein concentrate as sources of dietary protein for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Aquaculture, 131, 261, 10.1016/0044-8486(94)00334-K

Tveterås, R., Bjørndal, T., 1998. Production, competition and markets: the evolution of the salmon aquaculture industry. SNF Working paper No. 33. Foundation for Research in Economics and Business Administration, Bergen, Norway, 22 pp.

Vielma, J., 1998. Utilization of dietary phosphorus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Nat. Environ. Sci., Vol. 79. Kuopio University Publications C. University of Kuopio, Finland, 42 pp.

Vielma, 1997, Dietary formic acid enhances apparent digestibility of minerals in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Aquacult. Nutr., 3, 265, 10.1111/j.1365-2095.1997.00041.x

Vielma, 1998, The control of phosphorus homeostasis of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in fresh water, Fish Physiol. Biochem., 18, 83, 10.1023/A:1007757321695

Vielma, 1998, Effects of dietary phytase and cholecalciferol on phosphorus bioavailability in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, W., Aquaculture, 163, 307, 10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00240-3

Wolf, W.J., Cowan, J.C., 1971. Soybeans as a Food Source. CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, 86 pp.