Skin electronics from scalable fabrication of an intrinsically stretchable transistor array

Gao, W. et al. Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis. Nature 529, 509–514 (2016)

Kim, D. H. et al. Epidermal electronics. Science 333, 838–843 (2011)

Son, D. et al. Multifunctional wearable devices for diagnosis and therapy of movement disorders. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 397–404 (2014)

Tee, B. C. K. et al. A skin-inspired organic digital mechanoreceptor. Science 350, 313–316 (2015)

Kang, S. K. et al. Bioresorbable silicon electronic sensors for the brain. Nature 530, 71–76 (2016)

Minev, I. R. et al. Electronic dura mater for long-term multimodal neural interfaces. Science 347, 159–163 (2015)

Khodagholy, D. et al. In vivo recordings of brain activity using organic transistors. Nat. Commun. 4, 1575 (2013)

Li, S., Zhao, H. C. & Shepherd, R. F. Flexible and stretchable sensors for fluidic elastomer actuated soft robots. MRS Bull. 42, 138–142 (2017)

Rus, D. & Tolley, M. T. Design, fabrication and control of soft robots. Nature 521, 467–475 (2015)

Kaltenbrunner, M. et al. An ultra-lightweight design for imperceptible plastic electronics. Nature 499, 458–463 (2013)

Matsuhisa, N. et al. Printable elastic conductors with a high conductivity for electronic textile applications. Nat. Commun. 6, 7461 (2015)

Xu, S. et al. Soft microfluidic assemblies of sensors, circuits, and radios for the skin. Science 344, 70–74 (2014)

Chortos, A. et al. Mechanically durable and highly stretchable transistors employing carbon nanotube semiconductor and electrodes. Adv. Mater. 28, 4441–4448 (2016)

Chortos, A. et al. Highly stretchable transistors using a microcracked organic semiconductor. Adv. Mater. 26, 4253–4259 (2014)

Liang, J. J. et al. Intrinsically stretchable and transparent thin-film transistors based on printable silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes and an elastomeric dielectric. Nat. Commun. 6, 7647 (2015)

Xu, J. et al. Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor films through the nanoconfinement effect. Science 355, 59–64 (2017)

Oh, J. Y. et al. Intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymer for organic transistors. Nature 539, 411–415 (2016)

Scott, J. I. et al. Significantly increasing the ductility of high performance polymer semiconductors through polymer blending. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 14037–14045 (2016)

Wang, Y. et al. A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer. Sci. Adv. 3, e1602076 (2017)

Larson, C. et al. Highly stretchable electroluminescent skin for optical signaling and tactile sensing. Science 351, 1071–1074 (2016)

Liang, J. J., Li, L., Niu, X. F., Yu, Z. B. & Pei, Q. B. Elastomeric polymer light-emitting devices and displays. Nat. Photon. 7, 817–824 (2013)

Lipomi, D. J. et al. Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 788–792 (2011)

You, I. et al. Stretchable E-skin apexcardiogram sensor. Adv. Mater. 28, 6359–6364 (2016)

White, M. S. et al. Ultrathin, highly flexible and stretchable PLEDs. Nat. Photon. 7, 811–816 (2013)

Png, R. Q. et al. High-performance polymer semiconducting heterostructure devices by nitrene-mediated photocrosslinking of alkyl side chains. Nat. Mater. 9, 152–158 (2010)

Liu, L. H. & Yan, M. D. Perfluorophenyl azides: new applications in surface functionalization and nanomaterial synthesis. Acc. Chem. Res. 43, 1434–1443 (2010)

Choi, W., Kim, M. H., Na, Y. J. & Lee, S. D. Complementary transfer-assisted patterning of high-resolution heterogeneous elements on plastic substrates for flexible electronics. Org. Electron. 11, 2026–2031 (2010)

Singh, M., Haverinen, H. M., Dhagat, P. & Jabbour, G. E. Inkjet printing-process and its applications. Adv. Mater. 22, 673–685 (2010)

Hwang, B. U. et al. Transparent stretchable self-powered patchable sensor platform with ultrasensitive recognition of human activities. ACS Nano 9, 8801–8810 (2015)

Huang, T. C. et al. Pseudo-CMOS: a design style for low-cost and robust flexible electronics. IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 58, 141–150 (2011)

Sekitani, T. et al. Ultraflexible organic amplifier with biocompatible gel electrodes. Nat. Commun. 7, 11425 (2016)

Koo, J. H. et al. Wearable electrocardiogram monitor using carbon nanotube electronics and color-tunable organic light-emitting diodes. ACS Nano 11, 10032–10041 (2017)

Wu, Y. et al. High resolution flexible strain sensors for biological signal measurements. In 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (Transducers) 1144–1147 (2017)

Kang, I., Yun, H. J., Chung, D. S., Kwon, S. K. & Kim, Y. H. Record high hole mobility in polymer semiconductors via side-chain engineering. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 14896–14899 (2013)

Guillemette, M. D., Roy, E., Auger, F. A. & Veres, T. Rapid isothermal substrate microfabrication of a biocompatible thermoplastic elastomer for cellular contact guidance. Acta Biomater. 7, 2492–2498 (2011)

Borysiak, M. D. et al. Simple replica micromolding of biocompatible styrenic elastomers. Lab Chip 13, 2773–2784 (2013)

Kim, D.-H. et al. Stretchable and foldable silicon integrated circuits. Science 320, 507–511 (2008)

Sekitani, T. et al. A rubberlike stretchable active matrix using elastic conductors. Science 321, 1468–1472 (2008)

Cai, L., Zhang, S., Miao, J., Yu, Z. & Wang, C. Fully printed stretchable thin-film transistors and integrated logic circuits. ACS Nano 10, 11459–11468 (2016)