Magmatic evolution of the Alboran region: The role of subduction in forming the western Mediterranean and causing the Messinian Salinity Crisis

F. Horvath, H. Berckhemer, Mediterranean backarc basins, in: H. Berckhemer, K. Hsü (Eds.), Alpine-Mediterranean Geodynamics, vol. 7, AGU, 1982, pp. 141–173. Krijgsman, 1999, Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis, Nature, 400, 652, 10.1038/23231 Hsü, 1973, Late Miocene desiccation of the Mediterranean, Nature, 242, 240, 10.1038/242240a0 M.C. Comas, J.P. Platt, J.I. Soto, A.B. Watts, The origin and tectonic history of the Alboran Basin: Insights from Leg 161 Results, in: R. Zahn, M.C. Comas, A. Klaus (Eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Results 161 (1999). Maldonado, 1999, The Betic Rif orogen and the Iberian-African boundary in the Gulf of Cadiz: geological evolution (central North Atlantic), Mar. Geol., 155, 9, 10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00139-X Weijermars, 1985, Uplift and subsidence history of the Alboran Basin and a profile of the Alboran diapir (W-Mediterranean), Geol. Mijnb., 64, 349 Docherty, 1995, Evidence for the eastward migration of the Alboran Sea based on regional subsidence analysis: A case for basin formation by delamination of the subcrustal lithosphere?, Tectonics, 14, 804, 10.1029/95TC00501 Platt, 1989, Extensional collapse of thickened continental lithosphere: A working hypothesis for the Alboran Sea and Gibraltar Arc, Geology, 17, 540, 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0540:ECOTCL>2.3.CO;2 Turner, 1999, Magmatism associated with orogenic collapse of the Betic-Alboran Domain, SE Spain, J. Petrol., 40, 1011, 10.1093/petrology/40.6.1011 Seber, 1996, Geophysical evidence for lithospheric delamination beneath the Alboran Sea and Rif-Betic mountains, Nature, 379, 785, 10.1038/379785a0 K. Hoernle, P. v.d. Bogaard, S. Duggen, B. Mocek, D. Garbe-Schönberg, Evidence for Miocene subduction beneath the Alboran Sea: 40Ar/39 Ar dating and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from Holes 977A and 978A, in: R. Zahn, M.C. Comas, A. Klaus (Eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Results 161 (1999) 357–373. Lonergan, 1997, Origin of the Betic-Rif mountain belt, Tectonics, 16, 504, 10.1029/96TC03937 Zeck, 1996, Betic-Rif orogeny: subduction of Mesozoic Tethys lithosphere under eastward drifting Iberia, slab detachment shortly before 22 Ma, and subsequent uplift and extensional tectonics, Tectonophysics, 254, 1, 10.1016/0040-1951(95)00206-5 Gutscher, 2002, Evidence for active subduction beneath Gibraltar, Geology, 30, 1071, 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1071:EFASBG>2.0.CO;2 Duggen, 2003, Deep roots of the Messinian salinity crisis, Nature, 422, 602, 10.1038/nature01553 K. Hoernle, S. Duggen, J. Geldmacher, A. Klügel, a.s.b.s. party, METEOR Cruise No. 51, Leg 1, Vulkosa: Vulkanismus Ostatlantik-Alboran, in: Meteor Berichte 03-1 Ostatlantik- Mittelmeer-Schwarzes Meer, Cruise No. 51, 12 September to 28 December 2001, GEOMAR Research Centre, Kiel, 2003, pp. 1–38. M.C. Comas, R. Zahn, A. Klaus, Proc. ODP Init. Rep., College Sation, TX, 1996. Watts, 1993, Tectonic evolution of the Alboran Sea Basin, Basin Res., 5, 153, 10.1111/j.1365-2117.1993.tb00063.x Weijermars, 1985, In search for a relationship between harmonic resolutions of the geoid, convective stress patterns and tectonics in the lithosphere a possible explanation for the Betic-Rif orocline, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 37, 135, 10.1016/0031-9201(85)90047-0 P. Monié, R.L. Torres-Roldán, A. Garcia-Casco, 40Ar/39Ar thermochronological constraints on cooling and exhumation of the Western Betic Cordilleras, in: M. Séranne, J. Malavieille (Eds.), Late Orogenic Extension in Mountain Belts, Doc. BRGM 219, 1993, 146 pp. Platt, 2003, Simultaneous extensional exhumation across the Alboran Basin: Implications for the causes of late orogenic extension, Geology, 31, 251, 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0251:SEEATA>2.0.CO;2 Torres-Roldán, 1986, An early Miocene arc-tholeiitic magmatic dike event from the Alboran-Sea - Evidence for precollisional subduction and back-arc crustal extension in the westernmost Mediterranean, Geol. Rundsch., 75, 219, 10.1007/BF01770190 Martı́nez-Martı́nez, 1997, Mode of extensional tectonics in the southeastern Betics (SE Spain): Implications for the tectonic evolution of the peri-Alborán orogenic system, Tectonics, 16, 205, 10.1029/97TC00157 M. Wilson, G. Bianchini, Tertiary-Quaternary magmatism within the Mediterranean and surrounding regions, in: B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horváth, M. Sérrane (Eds.), The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 156 (1999) 141–168. C. Montenat, P. Ott D’Estevou, Late Neogene basins evolving in the Eastern Betic transcurrent fault zone: an illustrated review, in: P.F. Friend, C.J. Dabrio (Eds.), Tertiary Basins of Spain, 1995. Taylor, 1998, Isotopic characteristics of subduction fluids in an intra-oceanic setting, Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 164, 79, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00182-4 Harris, 2000, Oxygen isotope composition of phenocrysts from Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island lavas: variation with fractional crystallization and evidence for assimilation, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 138, 164, 10.1007/s004100050015 Zeck, 1989, Alpine tourmaline-bearing muscovite leucogranites, intrusion age and petrogenesis, Betic Cordilleras, SE Spain, N. Jahrb. Mineral., 11, 513 Munksgaard, 1984, High d18O and possible pre-eruptional Rb-Sr isochrons in cordierite-bearing Neogene volcanics from SE-Spain, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 87, 351, 10.1007/BF00381291 Aparicio, 1991, La edad del volcanismo de las islas Columbrete Grande y Alborán (Mediterraneo occidental), Bol. Geol. Miner., 102–104, 74 Zeck, 2000, Revised geochronology of the Neogene calc-alkaline volcanic suite in Sierra de Gata, Alborán volcanic province, SE Spain, J. Geol. Soc. London, 157, 75, 10.1144/jgs.157.1.75 Goldstein, 1995, Pinning points: a method providing quantitative constraints on relative sea-level history, Sediment. Geol., 95, 1, 10.1016/0037-0738(94)00115-B Battistini, 1987, K/Ar ages and the geological setting of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from Sierra de Gata, SE Spain, N. Jahrb. Mineral., 8, 369 A. Schmidt, Temporal and spatial evolution of the Izu Island arc, Japan, in terms of Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry, Ph.D. Thesis, Geomar Research Center for Marine Geosciences, 2001. Monié, 1994, Cooling and exhumation of the Western Betic Cordilleras, 40Ar/39Ar thermochronological constraints on a collapsed terrane, Tectonophysics, 238, 353, 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90064-7 Zeck, 1989, A 21±2 Ma age for the termination of the ductile Alpine deformation in the internal zone of the Betic Cordilleras, South Spain, Tectonophysics, 169, 215, 10.1016/0040-1951(89)90196-0 James, 1981, The combined use of oxygen and radiogenic isotopes as indicators of crustal contamination, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 9, 311, 10.1146/annurev.ea.09.050181.001523 Davidson, 1987, Crustal contamination versus subduction zone enrichment: Examples from the Lesser Antilles and implications for mantle source compositions of island arc volcanic rocks, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 2185, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90268-7 H.P.J. Taylor, S.M.F. Sheppard, Igneous rocks: I. Processes of isotopic fractionation and isotope systematics, in: J.W. Valley, H.P.J. Taylor, J.R. O’Neil (Eds.), Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geologic Processes, Reviews in Mineralogy 16, Mineral. Soc. Am., Washington, MI, 1986. Benito, 1999, Sr and O isotope constraints on source and crustal contamination in the high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic neogene volcanic rocks of SE Spain, Lithos, 46, 733, 10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00003-1 Grimison, 1986, The Azores-Gibraltar plate boundary: Focal mechanisms, depths of earthquakes, and their tectonic implications, J. Geophys. Res. B, 91, 2029, 10.1029/JB091iB02p02029 Blanco, 1993, The P-wave velocity structure of the mantle below the Iberian Peninsula: evidence for subducted lithosphere below southern Spain, Tectonophysics, 221, 13, 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90025-F Calvert, 2000, Geodynamic evolution of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Alboran region of the western Mediterranean: Constraints from travel time tomography, J. Geophys. Res. B, 105, 10871, 10.1029/2000JB900024 Bijward, 2000, Non-linear global P-wave tomography by iterated linearized inversion, Geophys. J. Int., 141, 71, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2000.00053.x Carminati, 1998, The role of slab detachment processes in the opening of the western-central Mediterranean basins: some geological and geophysical evidence, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 160, 651, 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00118-6 Frizon de Lamotte, 2000, The two main steps of the Atlas building and geodynamics of western Mediterranean, Tectonics, 19, 740, 10.1029/2000TC900003 J. Vergés, F. Sàbat, Constraints on the Neogene Mediterranean kinematic evolution along a 1000 km transect from Iberia to Africa, in: B. Durand, L. Jolivet, F. Horváth, M. Sérrane (Eds.), The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 156 (1999) 63–80. Durand-Delga, 2000, Situation structurale et nature ophiolotique de roches basiques jurassiques associées aux flyschs maghrébins du Rif (Maroc) et de Sicile (Italie), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris/Earth Planet. Sci., 331, 29 M.C. Comas, J.I. Soto, Brittle deformation in the metamorphic basement at Site 976: Implications for Middle Miocene extensional tectonics in the Western Alboran Basin, in: R. Zahn, M.C. Comas, A. Klaus (Eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Results 161 (1999). S. Duggen, Spatial and temporal geochemical evolution of igneous rocks in the Alborán Region (westernmost Mediterreanean): Implications for the origin of Mediterranean-style back-arc basins and the Messinian Salinity Crisis, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kiel, 2002. Coppier, 1989, Example of Neogene tectonic indentation in the Eastern Betic Cordilleras: the Arc of Aguilas (Southeastern Spain), Geodin. Acta (Paris), 3, 37, 10.1080/09853111.1989.11105173 Ait-Brahim, 1990, Oriental moroccan neogene volcanism and strike-slip faulting, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 11, 273, 10.1016/0899-5362(90)90005-Y M. Esteban, J.C. Braga, J. Martı́n, C. de Santisteban, Western Mediterranean Reef Complexes, in: E.K. Franseen, M. Esteban, W.C. Ward, J.-M. Rouchy (Eds.), Models for Carbonate Stratigraphy. From Miocene Reef Complexes of Mediterranean Regions, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology 5, SEPM, Tulsa, OK, 1996, pp. 55–72. Comas, 1992, Neogene tectonic evolution of the Alboran Sea from MCS data, Geo-Mar. Lett., 12, 157, 10.1007/BF02084927 K. Hoernle, R. Werner, J. Geldmacher, J. Wienecke, F. Hauff, V. Cruz, S. Duggen, G. Zankl, S. Aarburg, B. Neu, Cruise Summary Report POS 235, Institut für Meereskunde, University of Kiel, 1997, 17 pp. Bellon, 1977, Le magmatisme périméditerranén occidental. Essai de synthése, Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 7, 469, 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XIX.3.469 Hernandez, 1985, Chronologie K-Ar du volcanisme miocéne du Rif oriental (Maroc): implications tectoniques et magmatique, Rev. Géol. Géogr. Phys., 26, 85 Bellon, 1983, Chronologie du magmatisme néogène des Cordillères bètiques (Espagne méridionale), Bull. Soc. Géol. France, 7, 205, 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XXV.2.205 Rickwood, 1989, Boundary lines within petrological diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements, Lithos, 22, 247, 10.1016/0024-4937(89)90028-5 Hofmann, 1988, Chemical differentiation of the Earth, the relationsship between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 90, 297, 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90132-X Hoernle, 1998, Geochemistry of Jurassic oceanic crust beneath Gran Canaria (Canary): Implications for crustal recycling and assimililation, J. Petrol., 39, 859, 10.1093/petrology/39.5.859 Hoernle, 1991, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evolution of Gran Canaria: evidence for shallow enriched mantle beneath the Canary Islands, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 106, 44, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90062-M Ellam, 1988, The transition from calc-alkaline to potassic orogenic magmatism in the Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy, Bull. Volcanol., 50, 386, 10.1007/BF01050638 Dosso, 1991, Sr-Nd-Pb geochemical morphology between 10 degrees and 17 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a new MORB isotope signature, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 106, 29, 10.1016/0012-821X(91)90061-L Ito, 1987, The O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry of MORB, Chem. Geol., 62, 157, 10.1016/0009-2541(87)90083-0 Langmuir, 1978, A general mixing equation with applications to Icelandic basalts, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 37, 380, 10.1016/0012-821X(78)90053-5 Ito, 1985, Oxygen- and strontium-isotopic investigations of subduction zone volcanism: the case of the Volcano Arc and the Marianas Island Arc, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 76, 312, 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90082-8 Davidson, 1985, Mechanisms of contamination in Lesser Antilles island arc magmas from radiogenic and oxygen isotope relationships, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 72, 163, 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90003-2