Impact of Aortic Valve Calcification, as Measured by MDCT, on Survival in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

Bonow, 2006, J Am Coll Cardiol, 48, e1, 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.05.021 Vahanian, 2012, Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012), Eur Heart J, 33, 2451, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs109 Ross, 1968, Aortic stenosis, Circulation, 38, 61, 10.1161/01.CIR.38.1S5.V-61 Otto, 2009, Calcific aortic valve disease: outflow obstruction is the end stage of a systemic disease process, Eur Heart J, 30, 1940, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp175 Iung, 2003, A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: the Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease, Eur Heart J, 24, 1231, 10.1016/S0195-668X(03)00201-X Malouf, 2012, Aortic valve stenosis in community medical practice: determinants of outcome and implications for aortic valve replacement, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 144, 1421, 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.09.075 Messika-Zeitoun, 2004, Evaluation and clinical implications of aortic valve calcification measured by electron-beam computed tomography, Circulation, 110, 356, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000135469.82545.D0 Blaha, 2010, Relation of aortic valve calcium detected by cardiac computed tomography to all-cause mortality, Am J Cardiol, 106, 1787, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.019 Pradelli, 2013, Impact of aortic or mitral valve sclerosis and calcification on cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis, Int J Cardiol, 170, e51, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.10.081 Aggarwal, 2013, Sex differences in aortic valve calcification measured by multidetector computed tomography in aortic stenosis, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 6, 40, 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.980052 Clavel, 2013, The complex nature of discordant severe calcified aortic valve disease grading: new insights from combined Doppler-echocardiographic and computed tomographic study, J Am Coll Cardiol, 62, 2329, 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.08.1621 Rosenhek, 2000, Predictors of outcome in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis, N Engl J Med, 343, 611, 10.1056/NEJM200008313430903 Rosenhek, 2003, Risk stratification in mild and moderate aortic stenosis by assessment of aortic valve calcification (abstr), J Am Coll Cardiol, 41, 506A, 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)82744-4 Utsunomiya, 2013, Incremental prognostic value of cardiac computed tomography angiography in asymptomatic aortic stenosis: significance of aortic valve calcium score, Int J Cardiol, 168, 5205, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.235 Baumgartner, 2009, Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 22, 1, 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029 Cueff, 2010, Measurement of aortic valve calcification using multislice computed tomography: correlation with haemodynamic severity of aortic stenosis and clinical implication for patients with low ejection fraction, Heart, 97, 721, 10.1136/hrt.2010.198853 Agatston, 1990, Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography, J Am Coll Cardiol, 15, 827, 10.1016/0735-1097(90)90282-T Palta, 2000, New insights into the progression of aortic stenosis: implications for secondary prevention, Circulation, 101, 2497, 10.1161/01.CIR.101.21.2497 Achenbach, 2012, SCCT expert consensus document on computed tomography imaging before transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)/transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr, 6, 366, 10.1016/j.jcct.2012.11.002 Carabello, 2013, Introduction to aortic stenosis, Circ Res, 113, 179, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300156 Monckeberg, 1904, [Normal histological construction and sclerosis of the aortic valves.], Virchows Arch Pathol Anat, 176, 472 Otto, 1994, Characterization of the early lesion of 'degenerative' valvular aortic stenosis. Histological and immunohistochemical studies, Circulation, 90, 844, 10.1161/01.CIR.90.2.844 Messika-Zeitoun, 2007, Aortic valve calcification: determinants and progression in the population, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 27, 642, 10.1161/01.ATV.0000255952.47980.c2 Owens, 2010, Incidence and progression of aortic valve calcium in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Am J Cardiol, 105, 701, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.071 Miller, 2011, Calcific aortic valve stenosis: methods, models, and mechanisms, Circ Res, 108, 1392, 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.234138 Clavel, 2012, Outcome of patients with aortic stenosis, small valve area, and low-flow, low-gradient despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, J Am Coll Cardiol, 60, 1259, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.054 Dumesnil, 2010, Paradoxical low flow and/or low gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: implications for diagnosis and treatment, Eur Heart J, 31, 281, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp361 Michelena, 2013, Inconsistent echocardiographic grading of aortic stenosis: is the left ventricular outflow tract important?, Heart, 99, 921, 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302881 Messika-Zeitoun, 2010, Multimodal assessment of the aortic annulus diameter: implications for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 55, 186, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.063 Kadem, 2005, Impact of systemic hypertension on the assessment of aortic stenosis, Heart, 91, 354, 10.1136/hrt.2003.030601 Blais, 2006, Projected valve area at normal flow rate improves the assessment of stenosis severity in patients with low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis: the multicenter TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) study, Circulation, 113, 711, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.557678 Clavel, 2010, Validation of conventional and simplified methods to calculate projected valve area at normal flow rate in patients with low flow, low gradient aortic stenosis: the multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) study, J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 23, 380, 10.1016/j.echo.2010.02.002 Nishimura, 2002, Low-output, low-gradient aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular systolic function: the clinical utility of the dobutamine challenge in the catheterization laboratory, Circulation, 106, 809, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000025611.21140.34 Hachicha, 2007, Paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis despite preserved ejection fraction is associated with higher afterload and reduced survival, Circulation, 115, 2856, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.668681 Lancellotti, 2012, Clinical outcome in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: insights from the new proposed aortic stenosis grading classification, J Am Coll Cardiol, 59, 235, 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.072 Adda, 2012, Low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis despite normal ejection fraction is associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography: a multicenter study, Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 5, 27, 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.967554 Clavel, 2013, Stress echocardiography to assess stenosis severity and predict outcome in patients with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis and preserved LVEF, J Am Coll Cardiol Img, 6, 175, 10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.10.015 Makkar, 2012, Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement for inoperable severe aortic stenosis, N Engl J Med, 366, 1696, 10.1056/NEJMoa1202277