Cerebral metabolic patterns in chronic and recent-onset schizophrenia

Andreasen, 1996, PET and the [15O]H2O technique, part 2: choosing a significance threshold, American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 156 Andreasen, 1994, Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging, Science, 266, 294, 10.1126/science.7939669 Andreasen, 1997, Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-naive patients, Lancet, 349, 1730, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)08258-X Andreasen, 1992, Hypofrontality in neuroleptic-naive patients and in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Assessment with xenon 133 single-photon emission computed tomography and the Tower of London, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 943, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120031006 Bartlett, 1994, Effects of haloperidol challenge on regional cerebral glucose utilization in normal human subjects, American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 681, 10.1176/ajp.151.5.681 Benes, 1993, Neurobiological investigations in cingulate cortex of schizophrenic brain, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 19, 537, 10.1093/schbul/19.3.537 Berman, 1992, Regional cerebral blood flow in monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 927, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120015004 Buchsbaum, 1992, Frontostriatal disorder of cerebral metabolism in never-medicated schizophrenics, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 935, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120023005 Buchsbaum, 1996, PET and MRI of the thalamus in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia, American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 191, 10.1176/ajp.153.2.191 Buchsbaum, 1998, MRI white matter diffusion anisotropy and PET metabolic rate in schizophrenia, Neuroreport, 9, 425, 10.1097/00001756-199802160-00013 Buchsbaum, 1987, Positron emission tomography studies of basal ganglia and somatosensory cortex neuroleptic drug effects: differences between normal controls and schizophrenic patients, Biological Psychiatry, 22, 479, 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90170-3 Catafau, 1994, Prefrontal and temporal blood flow in schizophrenia: resting and activation technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT patterns in young neuroleptic-naive patients with acute disease, Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 35, 935 Crawford, 1996, Abnormal saccadic distractibility in patients with schizophrenia: a 99mTc-HMPAO SPET study, Psychological Medicine, 26, 265, 10.1017/S0033291700034668 Crespo-Facorro, 2000, Regional frontal abnormalities in schizophrenia: a quantitative gray matter volume and cortical surface size study, Biological Psychiatry, 48, 110, 10.1016/S0006-2332(00)00238-9 Curtis, 1998, Attenuated frontal activation during a verbal fluency task in patients with schizophrenia, American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1056, 10.1176/ajp.155.8.1056 Deicken, 1997, Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research, 27, 65, 10.1016/S0920-9964(97)00082-0 DeLisi, 1985, Positron emission tomography in schizophrenic patients with and without neuroleptic medication, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 5, 201, 10.1038/jcbfm.1985.26 Ebmeier, 1995, Hypofrontality revisited: a high resolution single photon emission computed tomography study in schizophrenia, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 58, 452, 10.1136/jnnp.58.4.452 Efron, 1986, Bootstrap methods for standard errors, confidence intervals, and other measures of statistical accuracy, Statistical Science, 1, 54, 10.1214/ss/1177013815 Fox, 1970, The caudate nucleus-cerebellar pathways: an electrophysiological study of their route though the midbrain, Brain Research, 20, 140, 10.1016/0006-8993(70)90164-2 Frackowiak, 1997 Goldstein, 1999, Cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging, Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 537, 10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.537 Gur, 1995, Sex differences in regional cerebral glucose metabolism during a resting state, Science, 267, 528, 10.1126/science.7824953 Gur, 1998, A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia. Relationship of neuroanatomical changes to clinical and neurobehavioral measures, Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 145, 10.1001/archpsyc.55.2.145 Holcomb, 1996, Functional sites of neuroleptic drug action in the human brain: PET/FDG studies with and without haloperidol, American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 41, 10.1176/ajp.153.1.41 Hollingshead, 1953, Social stratification and psychiatric disorders, American Sociological Reviews, 18, 163, 10.2307/2087725 Kim, 2000, Regional neural dysfunctions in chronic schizophrenia studied with positron emission tomography, American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 542, 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542 Lahti, 1995, Ketamine activates psychosis and alters limbic blood flow in schizophrenia, Neuroreport, 6, 869, 10.1097/00001756-199504190-00011 Miller, 1997, Effect of antipsychotics on regional cerebral blood flow measured with positron emission tomography, Neuropsychopharmacology, 17, 230, 10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00042-0 Molina Rodriguez, 1997, Cerebral perfusion correlates of negative symptomatology and Parkinsonism in a sample of treatment-refractory schizophrenics: an exploratory 99mTc-HMPAO SPET study, Schizophrenia Research, 25, 11, 10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00115-6 Mufson, 1984, Thalamic connections of the insula in the rhesus monkey and comments on the paralimbic connectivity of the medial pulvinar nucleus, Journal of Comparative Neurology, 227, 109, 10.1002/cne.902270112 Ngan, 2002, Immediate and delayed effects of risperidone on cerebral metabolism in neuroleptic naive schizophrenic patients: correlations with symptom change’. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 72, 106, 10.1136/jnnp.72.1.106 Olney, 1999, NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 33, 523, 10.1016/S0022-3956(99)00029-1 Pakkenberg, 1992, The volume of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in treated and untreated schizophrenics, Schizophrenia Research, 7, 95, 10.1016/0920-9964(92)90038-7 Rapoport, 1999, Progressive cortical change during adolescence in childhood-onset schizophrenia. A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study, Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 649, 10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.649 Shihabuddin, 1998, Dorsal striatal size, shape, and metabolic rate in never-medicated and previously medicated schizophrenics performing a verbal learning task, Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 235, 10.1001/archpsyc.55.3.235 Szechtman, 1988, Effect of neuroleptics on altered cerebral glucose metabolism in schizophrenia, Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 523, 10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800300019002 Talairach, 1988 Tamminga, C., 1999. Glutamatergic aspects of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry Supplement 37, 12–15 Tamminga, 1992, Limbic system abnormalities identified in schizophrenia using positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose and neocortical alterations with deficit syndrome, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 522, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820070016003 Vita, 1995, High-resolution SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in drug-free and drug-naive schizophrenic patients, American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 876, 10.1176/ajp.152.6.876 Wolkin, 1996, Blunted change in cerebral glucose utilization after haloperidol treatment in schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms, American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 346, 10.1176/ajp.153.3.346 Wright, 1999, Mapping of grey matter changes in schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research, 35, 1, 10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00094-2