The nanogranular nature of C–S–H

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids - Tập 55 - Trang 64-90 - 2007
Georgios Constantinides1, Franz-Josef Ulm1
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acker, 2001, Micromechanical analysis of creep and shrinkage mechanisms Buckle, H., 1973. In: J.W. Westbrook, H. Conrad (Eds.), The Science of Hardness Testing and its Applications. American Society for Metals, Metal Park, OH, pp. 453–491. Cheng, 2004, Scaling, dimensional analysis and indentation measurements, Mater. Sci. Eng. R., 44, 91, 10.1016/j.mser.2004.05.001 Constantinides, 2004, The effect of two types of C–S–H on the elasticity of cement-based materials: results from nanoindentation and micromechanical modeling, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 67, 10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00230-8 Constantinides, G., Ulm, F.-J., van Vliet, K.J., 2003. On the use of nanoindentation for cementitious materials. Mater. Struct. RILEM (205) 191–196 (Special issue of Concrete Science and Engineering). Donev, 2004, Improving the density of jammed disordered packings using ellipsoids, Science, 303, 990, 10.1126/science.1093010 Dormieux, L., Ulm, F.-J. (Eds.), 2005. Applied micromechanics of porous materials. CISM Courses and Lectures, vol. 480. Springer, Wiely, New York. Dormieux, 2002, Micromechanical approach to the behaviour of poroelastic materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 50, 2203, 10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00008-X Durst, 2004, Finite element study for nanoindentation measurements on two-phase materials, J. Mater. Res., 19, 85, 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.85 Galin, L.A., 1961. In: I.N. Sneddon (Ed.), Contact Problems in Theory of Elasticity (H. Moss, Trans.). North Carolina State College. Ganneau, 2006, Dual-indentation technique for the assessment of strength properties of cohesive-frictional material, Int. J. Solids Struct., 43, 1727, 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.035 Hershey, A., 1954. The elasticity of an isotropic aggregate of anisotropic cubic crystals. J. Appl. Mech. (ASME) 21, 236–240. Jaeger, 1992, Physics of granular state, Science, 255, 1523, 10.1126/science.255.5051.1523 Jennings, 2000, A model for the microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate in cement paste, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 101, 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00209-4 Jennings, 2004, Colloid model of C–S–H and implications to the problem of creep and shrinkage, Mater. Struct., 37, 59, 10.1617/14137 Jennings, H.M., Thomas, J.J., Gevrenov J.S., Constantinides G., Ulm, F.-J., 2006. A multi-technique investigation of the nanoporosity of cement paste. Cement Concrete Research, in Press. Online version available May 11, 2006. Kröner, E., 1958. Computation of the elastic constants of a polycrystal from the constants of the monocrystal. Z. Phys. 151, 504–518, (in German). Kröner, E., 1971. Statistical continuum mechanics. CISM Courses and Lectures, vol. 92. Udine, Italy. Nonat, 2004, The structure and stoichiometry of C–S–H, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 1521, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.035 Oliver, 1992, An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments, J. Mater. Res., 7, 1564, 10.1557/JMR.1992.1564 Oliver, 2004, Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in understanding and refinements to methodology, J. Mater. Res., 19, 3, 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3 Pellenq, 2004, Why does concrete set? The nature of cohesion forces in hardened cement-based materials, MRS Bull., 29, 319, 10.1557/mrs2004.97 Powers, 1948, Studies of the physical properties of hardened portlandite cement paste, PCA Bull., 22 Richardson, 2004, Tobermorite/jennite- and tobermorite/calcium hydroxide-based models for the structure of C–S–H: applicability to hardened pastes of tricalcium silicate, β-dicalcium silicate, portland cement, and blends of portland cement with blast-furnace slag metakaolin or silica fume, Cem. Concr. Res., 34, 1733, 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.034 Sloane, 1998, Kepler's conjecture confirmed, Nature, 395, 435, 10.1038/26609 Sneddon, 1965, The relation between load and penetration in the axi-symmetric Boussinesq problem for a punch of arbitrary profile, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 3, 47, 10.1016/0020-7225(65)90019-4 Stutzman, Paul, E., Clifton, J.R., 1999. Specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy. In: Jany, L., Nisperos, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Cement Microscopy, Las Vegas, Nevada, pp. 10–22. Suquet, P. (Ed.), 1997. Continuum micromechanics. CISM Courses and Lectures, vol. 377. Springer, Wien, New York. Tennis, 2000, A model for two types of calcium silicate hydrate in the microstructure of portland cement pastes, Cem. Concr. Res., 30, 855, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00257-X Thomas, 2002, Effect of heat treatment on the pore structure and drying shrinkage behavior of hydrated cement paste, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 85, 2293, 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00450.x Ulm, 2004, Is concrete a poromechanics material?—A multiscale investigation of poroelastic properties’, Mater. Struct., 37, 43, 10.1617/14100 Ulm, 2005, Experimental is microporomechanics, 207 Velez, 2001, Determination by nanoindentation of elastic modulus and hardness of pure constituents of portland cement clinker, Cem. Concr. Res., 31, 555, 10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00505-6 Zaoui, 2002, Continuum micromechanics: survey, J. Eng. Mech. (ASCE), 128, 808, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:8(808)