Cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients with refractory checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis

Hodi, 2010, Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma, N Engl J Med, 363, 711, 10.1056/NEJMoa1003466 Schadendorf, 2015, Pooled analysis of long-term survival data from phase II and phase III trials of ipilimumab in unresectable or metastatic melanoma, J Clin Oncol, 33, 1889, 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.2736 Robert, 2015, Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma, N Engl J Med, 372, 2521, 10.1056/NEJMoa1503093 Robert, 2015, Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation, N Engl J Med, 372, 320, 10.1056/NEJMoa1412082 Weber, 2015, Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 375, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70076-8 Larkin, 2015, Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma, N Engl J Med, 373, 23, 10.1056/NEJMoa1504030 Weber, 2012, Management of immune-related adverse events and kinetics of response with ipilimumab, J Clin Oncol, 30, 2691, 10.1200/JCO.2012.41.6750 Spain, 2016, Management of toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors, Cancer Treat Rev, 44, 51, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.02.001 Berman, 2010, Blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 by ipilimumab results in dysregulation of gastrointestinal immunity in patients with advanced melanoma, Cancer Immun, 10, 11 Beck, 2006, Enterocolitis in patients with cancer after antibody blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, J Clin Oncol, 24, 2283, 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.5716 Mitchell, 2013, Ipilimumab-induced perforating colitis, J Clin Gastroenterol, 47, 781, 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31828f1d51 Slingerland, 2012, Severe colitis while responding to ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma, Acta Oncol, 51, 805, 10.3109/0284186X.2012.682630 Kwon, 2014, Ipilimumab versus placebo after radiotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel chemotherapy (CA184-043): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 15, 700, 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70189-5 Eggermont, 2015, Adjuvant ipilimumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk stage III melanoma (EORTC 18071): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 16, 522, 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70122-1 Rao, 2017, Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for infectious diseases: learning from the cancer paradigm, Int J Infect Dis, 56, 221, 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.028 Gardiner, 2013, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of BMS-936558, a fully human monoclonal antibody to programmed death-1 (PD-1), in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, PLoS One, 8, 10.1371/journal.pone.0063818 Lankes, 2016, Anti-TNF-refractory colitis after checkpoint inhibitor therapy: possible role of CMV-mediated immunopathogenesis, Oncoimmunology, 5, 10.1080/2162402X.2015.1128611 Uslu, 2015, Autoimmune colitis and subsequent CMV-induced hepatitis after treatment with ipilimumab, J Immunother, 38, 212, 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000081 Maconi, 2005, Prevalence, detection rate and outcome of cytomegalovirus infection in ulcerative colitis patients requiring colonic resection, Dig Liver Dis, 37, 418, 10.1016/j.dld.2005.01.011 Minami, 2007, Cytomegalovirus infection in severe ulcerative colitis patients undergoing continuous intravenous cyclosporine treatment in Japan, World J Gastroenterol, 13, 754, 10.3748/wjg.v13.i5.754 Campos, 2017, Cytomegalovirus, inflammatory bowel disease, and anti-TNFalpha, Int J Colorectal Dis, 32, 345, 10.1007/s00384-017-2752-5 Kishore, 2004, Infection with cytomegalovirus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence, clinical significance and outcome, J Med Microbiol, 53, 1155, 10.1099/jmm.0.45629-0 Lawlor, 2010, Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogen or innocent bystander?, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 16, 1620, 10.1002/ibd.21275 Rahier, 2014, Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease, J Crohns Colitis, 8, 443, 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.12.013 Romkens, 2016, Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review, World J Gastroenterol, 22, 1321, 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1321 Schmidt, 1995, Comparison of polymerase chain reaction from plasma and buffy coat with antigen detection and occurrence of immunoglobulin M for the demonstration of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation, Transplantation, 59, 1133, 10.1097/00007890-199504000-00010 Razonable, 2013, Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplantation, Am J Transpl, 13, 93, 10.1111/ajt.12103 Kotton, 2013, Updated international consensus guidelines on the management of cytomegalovirus in solid-organ transplantation, Transplantation, 96, 333, 10.1097/TP.0b013e31829df29d McCurdy, 2015, Detection of cytomegalovirus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: where to biopsy and How many biopsies?, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 21, 2833, 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000556 Domenech, 2008, Cytomegalovirus infection in ulcerative colitis: a prospective, comparative study on prevalence and diagnostic strategy, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 14, 1373, 10.1002/ibd.20498 Yoshino, 2007, Usefulness of quantitative real-time PCR assay for early detection of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with ulcerative colitis refractory to immunosuppressive therapies, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 13, 1516, 10.1002/ibd.20253