Exploiting heterogeneity:habitat use by cattle in dryland Zimbabwe

Abel, 1989, Land degradation, stocking rates and conservation policies for the communal rangelands of Botswana and Zimbabwe, Land Degradation and Rehabilitation, 1, 101, 10.1002/ldr.3400010204 1990, 29a Abel, 1989, Agroforestry for Shurugwi, Zimbabwe, 277 Anderson, 1973, Soil factors affecting the distribution of the vegetation types and their utilisation by wild animals in Ngorongoro crater, Tanzania, Journal of Ecology, 61, 627, 10.2307/2258640 Arnold, 1978 1993 Behnke, 1992, Rethinking range ecology: implications for rangeland management in Africa, 33 Belsky, 1983, Small scale pattern in grassland communities of the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Vegetatio, 55, 141, 10.1007/BF00045015 Belsky, 1987, Revegetation of natural and human caused disturbance in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Vegetatio, 70, 51, 10.1007/BF00040758 Bell, 1982, The effect of soil nutrient availability on community structure in African ecosystems, 193 Bennett, 1990, Keys to Zimbabwean grass species, Kirkia, 11, 169 Breman, 1983, Rangeland productivity and exploitation in the Sahel, Science, 221, 1341, 10.1126/science.221.4618.1341 Coates-Palgrave, 1984 Cole, 1982, The influence of soils, geomorphology and geology on the distribution of plant communities in savanna ecosystems, 145 Coppock, 1986, Livestock feeding ecology and resource utilization in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem, Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 583, 10.2307/2404037 Coughenour, 1990, Herbaceous forage availability in an and pastoral region of Kenya: importance of topographic and rainfall gradients, Journal of Arid Environments, 19, 147, 10.1016/S0140-1963(18)30813-9 Cousins, 1992, Managing Communal Rangeland in Zimbabwe: Experiences and lessons, 154 Deshmukh, 1984, A common relationship between precipitation and grassland peak biomass for east and southern Africa, African Journal of Ecology, 22, 181, 10.1111/j.1365-2028.1984.tb00693.x Diamond, 1986, Carnivore dominance and herbivore coexistence in Africa, Nature, 320, 112, 10.1038/320112a0 Donaldson, 1979, Goats and/or cattle on Mopani veld, 14, 119 Dye, 1982, The effects of bush clearing and rainfall on grass yield and composition in S W Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, 103 Dye, 1980, Vegetation—environment relations on sodic soils of Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, Journal of Ecology, 68, 589, 10.2307/2259424 Ellis, 1988, Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications of development, Journal of Range Management, 41, 450, 10.2307/3899515 Frost, 1986, Responses of savannas to stress and disturbance: a proposal for a collaborative programme of research Gambiza, 1992 Goldthorp, 1957, The ecology and land-use of the Belingwe-Shabani Intensive Conservation Area, Rhodesian Agriculture Journal, 54, 402 Hill, 1984, Communal agriculture in Zimbabwe: present vegetation conditions, Zimbabwe Science News, 18, 50 Hirst, 1975, Ungulate-habitat relationships in a South Africa woodland-savanna ecosystem, Wildlife Monographs, 44, 1 Homewood, 1987, Impact of drought on pastoral livestock in Baringo, Kenya, 1983–1985, Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 615, 10.2307/2403897 Homewood, 1991 Homewood, 1987, Ecology of pastoralism in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania, Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 108, 47, 10.1017/S0021859600064133 Hunter, 1960, Hill sheep and their pasture: a study of sheep grazing in South East Scotland, Ecology, 50, 651, 10.2307/2257476 Ingram, 1991, Soil and water processes Jarman, 1979, Feeding strategy and the pattern of resource partitioning in ungulates McNaughton, 1983, Serengeti grassland ecology: the role of composite environmental factors and contigency in community organisation, Ecological Monographs, 53, 291, 10.2307/1942533 McNaughton, 1985, The ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti, Ecological Monographs, 55, 259, 10.2307/1942578 McNaughton, 1990, Mineral nutrition and seasonal movement of African migratory ungulates, Nature, 345, 613, 10.1038/345613a0 McNaughton, 1986, Ecology of African grazing and browsing mammals, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 17, 39, 10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.000351 Meltzer, 1992, The use of fractals to assess the ecological impact of increased cattle population: case study from the Runde Communal Land, Zimbabwe, Journal of Applied Ecology, 29, 635, 10.2307/2404471 Mentis, 1980, The effect of animal size and adaptation on defoliation, selective defoliation and production and veld condition, 15, 147 Milne, 1947, A soil reconnaissance journey through parts of Tanganyika territory, Journal of Ecology, 35, 192, 10.2307/2256508 Morison, 1948, Tropical soil vegetation catenas and mosaics: a study in south western part of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Journal of Ecology, 36, 1, 10.2307/2256646 O'Connor, 1985, A synthesis of field experiments concerning the grass layer in the savanna regions of southern Africa, 114 Plowes, 1957, The seasonal variation in crude protein in 20 common veld grasses at Matopos, Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesian Agricultural Journal, 54, 33 Pratt, 1986, Use of habitat by free-ranging cattle and ponies in the New Forest, Southern England, Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 539, 10.2307/2404035 Rollinson, 1956, Studies on the habits on zebu cattle, IV: Errors associated with recording techniques, Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 47, 1, 10.1017/S0021859600039708 Rutherford, 1978, Primary production ecology in southern Africa, Monographiae Biologicae, 31, 623, 10.1007/978-94-009-9951-0_15 Schwartz, 1981, Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and domestic ungulates on the shortgrass prairie, Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 343, 10.2307/2402399 Scoones, 1989, Economic and ecological carrying capacity: implications for livestock development in Zimbabwe's communal areas, 27b Scoones, 1990, Livestock Populations and the Household Economy: A Case Study from Southern Zimbabwe Scoones, 1993, Why are there so many animals? Cattle population dynamics in the communal areas of Zimbabwe, 62 Scoones, 1993, Coping with drought: responses of herders and livestock in contrasting savanna environments in southern Zimbabwe, Human Ecology, 20, 31 Sinclair, 1977 Solbrig, 1991, Savanna modelling for global change, 24 Walker, 1980, A review of browse and its role in livestock production in southern Africa, 7 Walker, 1985, Structure and function of savannas: an overview, 83 Walker, 1986, To cull or not to cull: lessons from an African drought, Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 381, 10.2307/2403882 Watson, 1964, A soil catena on granite in Southern Rhodesia. I — Field Observations. II — Analytical data, Journal of Soil Science, 15, 235, 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1964.tb02222.x Westoby, 1989, Journal of Range Management, 42, 266, 10.2307/3899492 Wilson, 1989, Trees in fields in southern Zimbabwe, Journal of Southern African Studies, 15, 1, 10.1080/03057078908708205