Effects of chondroitin sulphate, human serum albumin and Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein on calcium oxalate crystallization in undiluted human urine
Tóm tắt
The effects of physiological concentrations of chondroitin sulphate, human serum albumin and Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in undiluted, ultrafiltered human urine were investigated using particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Neither the amount of oxalate required to induce detectable calcium oxalate crystal nucleation nor crystal morphology was affected by the presence of any of these macromolecules. Chondroitin sulphate had no effect on the amount of crystalline material deposited or on the size of the particles precipitated in response to a standard oxalate load. Human serum albumin slightly reduced the size of the crystal aggregates and caused a small increase in the amount of crystal matter precipitated. By contrast, Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein significantly inhibited crystal aggregation and markedly increased the volume of matter deposited, although this could not be attributed to a promotion of solute precipitation. It was concluded that chondroitin sulphate, human serum albumin and Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein cannot account for the inhibitory effects of macromolecules with a relative mass greater than 10 kDa in spun and filtered urine. Nonetheless, Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein is likely to inhibit crystal aggregation in whole urine in vivo and may therefore be instrumental in preventing calcium oxalate stone formation.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bowyer RC, Brockis JG, McCulloch RK (1979) Glycosaminoglycans as inhibitors of calcium oxalate growth and aggregation. Clin Chim Acta 95:23
Coe FL, Margolis HC, Deutsch LH, Strauss AL (1980) Urinary macromolecular crystal growth inhibitors in calcium nephrolithiasis. Min Electrolyte Metab 3:268
Crawford JE, Crematy EP, Alexander AE (1968) The effect of natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Aust J Chem 21:1067
Dawnay AB, Thornley C, Cattell WR (1982) An improved radioimmunoassay for urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. Biochem J 206:461
Doyle IR, Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1989) The effect of low-speed centrifugation and Millipore filtration on the urinary protein content. In: Walker VR, Sutton RAL, Cameron ECB, Pak CYC, Robertson WG (eds) Urolithiasis. Plenum, New York, p 593
Edyvane KA, Hibberd CM, Harnett RM, Marshall VR, Ryall RL (1987) Macromolecules inhibit calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation in whole human urine. Clin Chim Acta 167:329
Edyvane KA, Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1986) The influence of serum and serum proteins on calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation. Clin Chim Acta 157:81
Edyvane KA, Ryall RL, Mazzachi RD, Marshall VR (1987) The effect of serum on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in whole human urine: inhibition disguised as apparent promotion. Urol Res 15:87
Felix R, Monod A, Broge L, Hansen NM, Fleisch H (1977) Aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals: effects of urine and various inhibitors. Urol Res 5:21
Fellstrom B, Danielson BG, Ljunghall S, Wikstrom B (1985) The inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth by chondroitin sulphates, heparin, pensotan polysulphate and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. In: Schwille PO, Smith LH, Robertson WG, Vahlensieck W (eds) Urolithiasis and related clinical research, Plenum, New York, p 887
Fleisch H (1978) Inhibitors and promoters of stone formation. Kidney Int 13:361
Gill WB, Karesh JW, Garsin L, Roma MJ (1977) Inhibitory effects of urinary macromolecules on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Invest Urol 15:95
Gjaldback JC, Robertson WG (1980) Does urine from stone formers contain macromolecules which promote crystal growth of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro? Clin Chim Acta 108:75
Grover PK, Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1990) Does Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein inhibit or promote calcium oxalate crystallization in human urine? Clin Chim Acta 190:223
Hallson PC, Rose GA (1979) Uromucoids and urinary stone formation. Lancet I:1000
Hallson PC, Rose GA, Samuell CT (1981) The role of uromucoids in urinary stone formation. In: Brockis JG, Finlayson B (eds) Urinary calculus. PSG Publishing, Littleton, Mass, p 285
Howard JE, Thomas WC (1958) Some observations on rachitic rat cartilage of probable significance in the etiology of renal calculi. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 70:94
Ito H, Coe FL (1977) Acidic peptide and polyribonucleotide crystal growth inhibitors in human urine. Am J Physiol 233:F455
Kitamura T, Pak CYC (1982) Tamm and Horsfall glycoprotein does not promote spontaneous precipitation and crystal growth of calcium oxalate in vitro. J Urol 127:1024
Kitamura T, Zerwekh JE, Pak CYC (1982) Partial biochemical and physiochemical characterization of organic macromolecules in urine from patients with renal stones and control subjects. Kidney Int 21:379
Koide T, Takemoto M, Itatani H, Takaha M, Sonoda T (1981) Urinary macromolecular substances as natural inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Invest Urol 18:382
Lanzalaco AC, Singh RP, Smesko SA, Nancollas GH, Sufrin G, Binette M, Binette JP (1988) The influence of urinary macromolecules on calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth. J Urol 139:190
Leal JJ, Finlayson B (1977) Adsorption of naturally-occurring polymers onto calcium oxalate crystal surfaces. Invest Urol 14:278
McQueen EG, Engel GB (1966) Factors determining the aggregation of urinary mucoprotein. J Clin Path 19:392
Morse RM, Resnick MI (1988) A new approach to the study of urinary macromolecules as a participant in calcium oxalate crystallization. J Urol 139:869
Resnick MI, Sorrell ME, Bailey JA, Boyce WH (1982) Inhibitory effects of urinary calcium binding substances on calcium oxalate crystallization. J Urol 127:568
Robertson WG, Knowles F, Peacock M (1976) Urinary acid mucopolysaccharide inhibitors. In: Fleisch H, Robertson WG, Smith LH, Vahlensieck W (eds) Urolitbiasis research. Plenum, New York, p 331
Robertson WG, Peacock M (1972) Calcium oxalate crystalluria and inhibitors of crystallization in recurrent renal stone formers. Clin Sci 43:499
Robertson WG, Peacock M, Nordin BEC (1973) Inhibitors of the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro. Clin Chim Acta 43:31
Rose GA, Sulaiman S (1982) Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein promotes calcium oxalate crystal formation in urine: quantitative studies. J Urol 127:177
Ryall RL, Harnett RM, Marshall VR (1981) The effect of urine, pyrophosphate, citrate, magnesium and glycosaminoglycans on the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro. Clin Chim Acta 112:349
Ryall RL, Hibberd CM, Marshall VR (1985) A method for studying inhibitory activity in whole urine. Urol Res 13:285
Ryall RL, Ryall RG, Marshall VR (1984) The interpretation of the effects of urinary inhibitors on the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. In: Ryall RL, Brockis JG, Marshall VR, Finlayson B (eds) Urinary stone. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne, p178
Sallis JD, Lumley MF (1979) On the possible role of glycosaminoglycans as natural inhibitors of calcium oxalate stones. Invest Urol 16:296
Scurr DS, Robertson WG (1986) Modifiers of calcium oxalate crystallization found in urine. II. Studies on their mode of action in an artificial urine. J Urol 136:128
Tamm I, Horsfall FL (1950) Characterization and separation of an inhibitor of viral haemagglutination present in urine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 4:108
Wiggins RC (1987) Uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) forms different polymeric arrangements on a filter surface under different physicochemical conditions. Clin Chim Acta 162:329
Worcester EM, Nakagawa Y, Coe FL (1987) Glycoprotein calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor in urine. Min Electrolyte Metab 13:267