Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the productivity and structure of prairie grassland communities

Bever JD et al (2010) Rooting theories of plant community ecology in microbial interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 25:468–478 Beyhaut E, Tlusty B, van Berkum P, Graham PH (2006) Rhizobium giardinii is the microsymbiont of Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) Macmillan) in midwestern prairies. Can J Microbiol 52:903–907 Binkley D, Vitousek P (1989) Soil nutrient availability. In: Pearcy RW, Ehleringer J, Mooney HA, Rundel PW (eds) Plant physiological ecology. Field methods and instrumentation. Chapman & Hall, London pp 75–96 Borowicz VA (2001) Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter plant-pathogen relations? Ecology 82:3057–3068 Broussard W, Turner RE (2009) A century of changing land-use and water-quality relationships in the continental US. Front Ecol Environ 7:302–307 Caceres EAR (1982) Improved medium for isolation of Azospirillum spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 44:990–991 Cleveland CC et al (1999) Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N-2) fixation in natural ecosystems. Global Biogeochem Cycles 13:623–645 Corbett EA, Anderson RC, Rodgers CS (1996) Prairie revegetation of a strip mine in Illinois: fifteen years after establishment. Restor Ecol 4:346–354 Dobbelaere S, Vanderleyden J, Okon Y (2003) Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22:107–149 Eisele KA, Schimel DS, Kapustka LA, Parton WJ (1989) Effects of available P-ratio and N–P-ratio on non-symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in tallgrass prairie soils. Oecologia 79:471–474 Grime JP, Mackay JML, Hillier SH, Read DJ (1988) Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosma. Proc R Soc Edin B 94:173 Halofsky JE, McCormick LH (2005) Establishment and growth of experimental grass species mixtures on coal mine sites reclaimed with municipal biosolids. Environ Manag 35:569–578 Hartnett DC, Wilson GWT (1999) Mycorrhizae influence plant community structure and diversity in tallgrass prairie. Ecology 80:1187–1195 Hartnett DC, Wilson GWT (2002) The role of mycorrhizas in plant community structure and dynamics: lessons from grasslands. Plant Soil 244:319–331 Hartnett DC, Hetrick BAD, Wilson GWT, Gibson DJ (1993) Mycorrhizal influence on intraspecific and interspecific neighbor interactions among co-occurring prairie grasses. J Ecol 81:787–795 He XH, Critchley C, Ng H, Bledsoe C (2004) Reciprocal N ((NH4 +)-N-15 or (NO3 −)-N-15) transfer between non N(2)-fixing Eucalyptus maculata and N-2-fixing Casuarina cunninghamiana linked by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus sp. New Phytol 163:629–640 Hetrick BAD, Kitt DG, Wilson GT (1986) The influence of phosphorus fertilization, drought, fungal species, and nonsterile soil on mycorrhizal growth response in tall grass prairie plants. Can J Bot 64:1199–1203 Hoeksema JD et al (2010) A meta-analysis of context-dependency in plant response to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. Ecol Lett 13:394–407 Hogh-Jensen H, Schjoerring JK (1997) Interactions between white clover and ryegrass under contrasting nitrogen availability: N-2 fixation, N fertilizer recovery, N transfer and water use efficiency. Plant Soil 197:187–199 Indiana Code (2011) Article 34, Surface coal mining and reclamation. Chapter 10, Performance Standards. At http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title14/ar34/ch10.html (accessed 8 Sep 2011) Jakobsen I, Rosendahl L (1990) Carbon flow into soil and external hyphae from roots of mycorrhizal cucumber plants. New Phytol 115:77–83 James EK, Olivares FL (1998) Infection and colonization of sugar cane and other graminaceous plants by endophytic diazotrophs. Crit Rev Plant Sci 17:77–119 Jia Y, Gray VM, Straker CJ (2004) The influence of Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation by Vicia faba. Ann Bot 94:251–258 Johansen A, Jensen ES (1996) Transfer of N and P from intact or decomposing roots of pea to barley interconnected by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. Soil Biol Biochem 28:73–81 Johnson NC (1993) Can fertilization of soil select less mutualistic mycorrhizae? Ecol Appl 3:749–757 Kleczewski NM, Bauer JT, Bever JD, Clay K, Reynolds HL (2012) A survey of endophytic fungi of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and their putative roles in plant growth. Fungal Ecol http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2011.12.006 Larimer AL, Bever JD, Clay K (2010) The interactive effects of plant microbial symbionts: a review and meta-analysis. Symbiosis 51:139–148 Lin W, Okon Y, Hardy RWF (1983) Enhanced mineral uptake by Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with Azospirillum basilense. Appl Environ Microbiol 45:1775–1779 Marty C, Pornon A, Escaravage N, Winterton P, Lamaze T (2009) Complex interactions between a legume and two grasses in a subalpine meadow. Am J Bot 96:1814–1820 McGonigle TP, Miller MH, Evans DG, Fairchild GL, Swan JA (1990) A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 115:495–501 Middleton EL, Bever JD (2011) Inoculation with a native soil community advances succession in a grassland restoration. Restor Ecol. doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00752.x Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP) (2006) Reclaimed mineland. http://216.109.210.162/TerrestrialDemonstrationMineland.aspx (accessed 8 Sep 2011) Mishra S, Sharma S, Vasudevan P (2008) Comparative effect of biofertilizers on fodder production and quality in guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). J Sci Food Agric 88:1667–1673 Montanez A, Abreu C, Gill PR, Hardarson G, Sicardi M (2009) Biological nitrogen fixation in maize (Zea mays L.) by N-15 isotope-dilution and identification of associated culturable diazotrophs. Biol Fertil Soils 45:253–263 Neyra CA, Arunakumari A, Olubayi O (1997) US Patent 5697186 O’Connor PJ, Smith SE, Smith FA (2002) Arbuscular mycorrhizas influence plant diversity and community structure in a semiarid herbland. New Phytol 154:209–218 Okon Y, Labandera-Gonzalez CA (1994) Agronomic applications of Azospirillum- an evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation. Soil Biol Biochem 26:1591–1601 Orfanoudakis MZ, Hooker JE, Wheeler CT (2004) Early interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Frankia during colonisation and root nodulation of Alnus glutinosa. Symbiosis 36:69–82 Paynel F, Cliquet JB (2003) N transfer from white clover to perennial ryegrass, via exudation of nitrogenous compounds. Agronomie 23:503–510 Reynolds HL, Packer A, Bever JD, Clay K (2003) Grassroots ecology: plant–microbe–soil interactions as drivers of plant community structure and dynamics. Ecology 84:2281–2291 Richter BS, Stutz JC (2002) Mycorrhizal inoculation of big sacaton: implications for grassland restoration of abandoned agricultural fields. Restor Ecol 10:607–616 Robertson GP, Paul EA, Harwood RR (2000) Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. Science 289:1922–1925 Roy S, Khasa DP, Greer CW (2007) Combining alders, frankiae, and mycorrhizae for the revegetation and remediation of contaminated ecosystems. Can J Bot 85:237–251 Rygiewicz PT, Andersen CP (1994) Mycorrhizae alter quality and quantity of carbon allocated below ground. Nature 369:58–60 Saxerud MH, Funke BR (1991) Effects on plant growth of inoculation of stored strip mining topsoil in North Dakota with mycorrhizal fungi contained in native soils. Plant Soil 131:135–141 Schulze J, Adgo E, Merbach W (1999) Carbon costs associated with N-2 fixation in Vicia faba L. and Pisum sativum L. over a 14-day period. Plant Biol 1:625–631 Scott PE, Lima SL (2004) Exotic grasslands on reclaimed Midwestern coal mines: an ornithological perspective. Weed Technol 18:1518–1521 Smith MR, Charvat I, Jacobson RL (1998) Arbuscular mycorrhizae promote establishment of prairie species in a tallgrass prairie restoration. Can J Bot 76:1947–1954 Smith S, Smith A, Jakobsen I (2003) Mycorrhizal fungi can dominate phosphorus supply to plant irrespective of growth response. Plant Physiol 133:16–20 Solheim B, Endal A, Vigstad H (1996) Nitrogen fixation in Arctic vegetation and soils from Svalbard, Norway. Polar Biol 16:35–40 Stanton ML (2003) Interacting guilds: moving beyond the pairwise perspective on mutualisms. Am Nat 162:S10–S23 Stein C et al (2009) Interactive effects of mycorrhizae and a root hemiparasite on plant community productivity and diversity. Oecologia 159:191–205 Subba Rao NS, Tilak KVBR, Singh CS (1985) Effect of combined inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on pearl millet Pennisetum americanum. Plant Soil 84:283–286 Temperton VM, Mwangi PN, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Buchmann N (2007) Positive interactions between nitrogen-fixing legumes and four different neighbouring species in a biodiversity experiment. Oecologia 151:190–205 Thomas RJ, Asakawa NM (1993) Decomposition of leaf litter from tropical forage grasses and legumes. Soil Biol Biochem 25:1351–1361 Thomas BD, Bowman WD (1998) Influence of N-2-fixing Trifolium on plant species composition and biomass production in alpine tundra. Oecologia 115:26–31 Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R, Polasky S (2002) Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418:671–677 Tilman D, Hill J, Lehman C (2006) Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass. Science 314:1598–1600 Tlusty B, Grossman JM, Graham PH (2004) Selection of rhizobia for prairie legumes used in restoration and reconstruction programs in Minnesota. Can J Microbiol 50:977–983 Tlusty B, van Berkum P, Graham PH (2005) Characteristics of the rhizobia associated with Dalea spp. in the Ordway, Kellogg-Weaver Dunes, and Hayden prairies. Can J Microbiol 51:15–23 Urcelay C, Diaz S (2003) The mycorrhizal dependence of subordinates determines the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant diversity. Ecol Lett 6:388–391 van der Heijden MGA et al (1998) Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396:69–72 van der Heijden MGA et al (2006a) Symbiotic bacteria as a determinant of plant community structure and plant productivity in dune grassland. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 56:178–187 van der Heijden MGA et al (2006b) The mycorrhizal contribution to plant productivity, plant nutrition and soil structure in experimental grassland. New Phytol 172:739–752 Vogelsang KM, Reynolds HL, Bever JD (2006) Mycorrhizal fungal identity and richness determine the diversity and productivity of a tallgrass prairie system. New Phytol 172:554–562 Walker RF, McLaughlin SB, West DC (2004) Establishment of sweet birch on surface mine spoil as influenced by mycorrhizal inoculation and fertility. Restor Ecol 12:8–19 Walley FL, Tomm GO, Matus A, Slinkard AE, vanKessel C (1996) Allocation and cycling of nitrogen in an alfalfa-bromegrass sward. Agron J 88:834–843 Warembourg FR, Roumet C (1989) Why and how to estimate the cost of symbiotic N2 fixation—a progressive approach based on the use of C-14 and N-15 isotopes. Plant Soil 115:167–177 Wickstrom CE, Garono RJ (2007) Associative rhizosphere nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) among plants from Ohio peatlands. Ohio J Sci 107:39–43 Williamson JC, Johnson DB (1990) Determination of the activity of soil microbial populations in stored and restored soil at opencast coal sites. Soil Biol Biochem 22:671–675 Wilson GWT, Hartnett DC (1998) Interspecific variation in plant responses to mycorrhizal colonization in tallgrass prairie. Am J Bot 85:1732–1738 Wilson GWT, Rice CW, Rillig MC, Springer A, Hartnett DC (2009) Soil aggregation and carbon sequestration are tightly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: results from long-term field experiments. Ecol Lett 12:452–461 Wright L, Turhollow A (2010) Switchgrass selection as a “model” bioenergy crop: A history of the process. Biomass Bioenergy 34:851–868 Wurst S, van Beersum S (2009) The impact of soil organism composition and activated carbon on grass-legume competition. Plant Soil 314:1–9