Classificazione ed eziologia delle instabilità di spalla
Tóm tắt
Shoulder instability includes a wide spectrum of different manifestations ranging from painful hyperlaxity to chronic locked shoulder dislocations. Many different classifications of glenohumeral joint have been proposed, based on aetiology, direction of instability, or on combination thereof. A correct diagnosis and classification is essential to establish an adequate treatment strategy. The correct use of different clinical tests and signs in combination with the corresponding imaging diagnostics allows an explicit classification and therefore the correct choice of treatment regimes in the majority of cases.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Beighton P, Solomon L, Soskolne CL (1973) Articular mobility in an African population. Ann Rheum Dis 32:413–418
Broca A, Hartmann H (1890) Contribution à l’étude des luxations de l’épaule (luxations dites incomplétes, décollements périostiques, luxations directes et luxations indirectes). Bull Soc Anat Paris 65:312–336
Perthes G (1906) Über Operationen beu Habitueller Schulterluxationen. Deutsch Ztschr Chir 85:199
Bankart AS (1923) Recurrent or habitual dislocation of the shoulder-joint. Br Med J 2:1132–1133
Bankart AS (1938) The patology and treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder-joint. Br J Surg 26:23–29
Neviaser TJ (1993) The anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion: a cause of anterior instability of the shoulder. Arthroscopy 9:17–21
Snyder SJ, Karzel RP, Del Pizzo W et al (1990) SLAP lesions of the shoulder. Arthroscopy 6:274–279
Wolf EM, Cheng JC, Dickson K (1995) Humeral avulsion of glenohumeral ligaments as a cause of anterior shoulder instability. Arthroscopy 11:600–607
Rowe CR, Zarins B, Ciullo JV (1984) Recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder after surgical repair. Apparent causes of failure and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66:159–168
Russo R (2000) Chirurgia della spalla. Momento Medico, Salerno
Molé D, Walch G (1993) Traitement chirurgical des instabilitès d’epaule: articulation glénohumérale. Encycl Méd Chir Orthop Trauma 44–265
Neer CS 2nd (1990) Shoulder reconstruction. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Matsen FA, Thomas SC, Rockwood CA (1990) Anterior glenohumeral instability. In: Rockwood CA, Matsen FA (Eds.) The Shoulder. WB Saunders, Philadelphia
Snyder SJ, Strafford BB (1993) Arthroscopic management of instability of the shoulder. Orthopedics 16:993–1002
Castagna A (1996) Arthroscopic findings in shoulder instability. Presented at SDSA 13th annual meeting, La Jolla (CA)
Gerber C, Nyffeler RW (2002) Classification of glenohumeral joint instability. Clin Orthop 400:65–76
McFarland EG, Kim TK, Park HB, Neira CA, Gutierrez MI (2003) The effect of variation in definition on the diagnosis of multidirectional instability of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(11):2138–2144
Chahal J, Kassiri K, Dion A, MacDonald P, Leiter J (2007) Diagnostic and treatment differences among experienced shoulder surgeons for instability conditions of the shoulder. Clin J Sport Med 17(1):5–9
Kuhn JE (2010) A new classification system for shoulder instability. Br J Sports Med 44:341–346