Plectranthus: A review of ethnobotanical uses

Abdel-Mogib, 2002, Chemistry of the genus Plectranthus, Molecules, 7, 271, 10.3390/70200271 Abulfatih, 1987 Abulfatih, 1987, Medicinal plants in South Western Saudi Arabia, Economic Botany, 41, 354, 10.1007/BF02859051 Adachi, H., Ehata, S., Hayashi, T., 1996. Antiaging cosmetics containing Coleus forskohlii root extracts and antioxidants. Patent-Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-08 176, 005 7. Adler, 1984, Plectranthone A, B, C und D. Diterpenoide Phenanthren-1,4-dione aus Blattdrüsen einer Plectranthus sp. (Labiatae), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 64, 1003 Agarwal, 1983, Forskolin: a potential antimetastatic agent, International Journal of Cancer, 32, 801, 10.1002/ijc.2910320622 Alasbahi, 1999, Antimicrobial activity of some Yemeni medicinal plants, Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 6, 75, 10.1300/J044v06n03_07 Ali, 2000, Anti-tumor promoting activity of some Malaysian traditional vegetable (Ulam) extracts by immunoblotting analysis of Raji cells, Natural Product Science, 6, 147 Allemann, 2003, Chemical composition of South African Plectranthus esculentus tubers, South African Journal of Botany, 99, 127 Allemann, 2003, Organographic and anatomical evidence that the edible storage organs of Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. (Lamiaceae) are stem tubers, Field Crops Research, 83, 35, 10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00054-6 Allemann, 2004, Sustainable production of root and tuber crops (potato, sweet potato, indigenous potato, cassava) in Southern Africa, South African Journal of Botany, 70, 60, 10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30307-0 Almeida, 2000, The toxic effects of Coleus barbatus on the different periods of pregnancy in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73, 53, 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00275-0 Al-Yahya, 1985, Aromatic plants of Saudi Arabia. Part 7. Essential oil of Plectranthus tenuiflorus (Vatke) Agnew, Proceedings of the Saudi Biology Society, 8, 147 Anon., 1874, On Patchouli, Pharmeutical Journal, 6, 432 Arihara, 1975, 42. Neue Spiro-Cyclopropyl-Cyclogexendion-Diterpene: Coleone M, N, P, Q, R sowie barbatusin aus Plectranthus caninus und Coleon O aus Coleus somaliensis, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 58, 343, 10.1002/hlca.19750580203 Ascensão, 1998, Plectranthus madagascariensis: morphology of the glandular trichomes, essential oil composition and its biological activity, International Journal of Plant Sciences, 159, 31, 10.1086/297518 Aswal, 1984, Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part X, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 22, 312 Auchland Regional Council, 2002. Surveillance pest plants. Trees and shrubs. 95353 Auckland Pestsfacts 128, 2. Baker, 1965, Characteristics and modes of origin of weeds, 147 Baerts, M., Lehmann, J., 1989. Guérisseurs et plantes médicinales de la région des Zaire-Nil au Burundi. Musée Roy. De l’Afrique Centrale Tervuren, Belgique. Annales des Sciences Economiques 18. Bally, 1937, Native medicinal and poisonous plants of East Africa Barnett, 2000, Traditional medical practitioners in Kenya: putting theory into practice, Traffic Bulletin, 18, 87 Baslas, 1981, Chemical examination of essential oil of Coleus aromaticus Benth, Journal of Indian Chemistry Society, 58, 103 Batista, 1994, Structure and antimicrobial activity of diterpenes from roots of Plectranthus hereroensis, Journal of Natural Products, 57, 858, 10.1021/np50108a031 Batista, 1995, Antimicrobial abietane from the roots of Plectranthus hereroensis, Phytochemistry, 38, 167, 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00586-I Batista, 1996, A rearranged abietane diterpenoid from Plectranthus hereroensis, Phytochemistry, 41, 571, 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00646-X Bennett, 2000, Introduced plants in the indigenous pharmacopoeia of Northern South America, Economic Botany, 54, 90, 10.1007/BF02866603 Bhakuni, 1969, Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Part II, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 7, 250 Bhakuni, 1971, Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Part III, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 9, 91 Bhat, S.V., Bhattacharya, B.K., Dohadwalla, A.N., De Souza, N.O., Dornauer, H., 1979. Isolation of coleforsin from the plant Coleus forskholii. Patent-Indian 147-030, 22 pp. Bhat, S.V., De Souza, N.J., Dornauer, H., Bhattacharya, B.K., Dohadwalla, A.N., 1980. Effective substance from plants belonging to the Labiatae family. Patent-Canada 1,083,589, 20 pp. Blench, R., 1997. Neglected species, livelihoods and biodiversity in difficult areas: how should the public sector respond? ODI, Report Natural Resource Perspectives No. 23. Bodner, 1988, A contribution to Bontoc ethnobotany, Economic Botany, 42, 307, 10.1007/BF02860159 Boily, 1986, Screening of medicinal plants of Rwanda (Central Africa) for antimicrobial activity, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 16, 1, 10.1016/0378-8741(86)90062-0 Bos, 1983, The composition of the essential oil in the leaves of Coleus aromaticus Bentham and their importance as a component of the species antiaphthosae, Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition, 5, 129, 10.1007/BF01961467 Bouquet, A., 1969. Félicheurs et médicines traditionnelles du Congo. Mémores, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Techniqe Outre-Mer, Paris. Brieskorn, 1977, Flavonoids from Coleus amboinicus, Planta Medica, 31, 308, 10.1055/s-0028-1097537 Brokensha, D., Riley, B.W., 1978. Mbeere wild foods. Report, Economic Botany Library, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew. Brown, 1997, Grenada: isle of spices, Herbs, 22, 6 Buchbauer, 1978, Edulon A, ein 2H-1-oxapyrenderivat aus Plectranthus edulis (Labiatae), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 61, 1969, 10.1002/hlca.19780610604 Burkill, 1995 Byavu, 2000, Phytothérapie traditionnelle des bovins dans les élevages de la plaine de la Ruzizi, Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societété et environnement, 4, 135 Camara, 2003, Antispasmodic effect of the essential oil of Plectranthus barbatus and some major constituents on the guinea-pig ileum, Planta Medica, 69, 1080, 10.1055/s-2003-45186 Cano, 2004, Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 90, 293, 10.1016/j.jep.2003.10.012 Caprioli, 1984, Forskolin lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous inflow, Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 25, 268 Carbajal, 1991, Pharmacological screening of plant decoctions commonly used in Cuban folk medicine, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 33, 21, 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90155-7 Castillo, 1999, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, Revista Cubana de Plantas Medicinales, 3, 110 Cerqueira, 2004, Effect of abietane diterpenes from Plectranthus grandidentatus on T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation, Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 217, 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.10.006 Chadya, M., Gundidza, M., 1999. Extraction Quantification Structure Elucidation and Biological Activities of Selected Essential Oils from Zimbabwe. Honors Project Publications, Department of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, Africa. Chalchat, 1996, Aromatic plants of Rwanda. Chemical composition of two Labiaceae, Plectranthus barbatus and Plectranthus sylvestris, Rivista Italiana Eppos, 7, 665 Chamorro, 1991, Anti-implantation effects of various extracts of Plectranthus fruticosus on pregnant rats, Planta Medica, 57, 81, 10.1055/s-2006-960026 2000 Chhabra, 1993, Plants used in traditional medicine in Eastern Tanzania. VI. Angiosperms (Sapotaceae to Zingiberaceae), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 39, 83, 10.1016/0378-8741(93)90024-Y Chifundera, 2001, Contribution to the inventory of medicinal plants from the Bushi area, South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, Fitoterapia, 72, 351, 10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00294-X Codd, 1975, Plectranthus (Labiatae) and allied genera in Southern Africa, Bothalia, 11, 371, 10.4102/abc.v11i4.1482 Coe, 2001, November plant forum Cook, 1995 Cos, 2002, Further evaluation of Rwandan medicinal plant extracts for their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79, 155, 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00362-2 Costa, 2003, Atividade Citotóxica de Plectranthus barbatus Andr. (Lamiaceae), Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense, 22, 155 Dash, 1987 de Padua, 1988 Dellar, 1996, Antimicrobial abietane diterpenoids from Plectranthus elegans, Phytochemistry, 41, 735, 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00694-X Ding, 2005, Induction of drug metabolism by forskolin: the role of the pregnane X receptor and the protein kinase A signal transduction pathway, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 312, 849, 10.1124/jpet.104.076331 Dubey, 1981, Pharmacological study of coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 3, 1, 10.1016/0378-8741(81)90010-6 Dymoc, 1885 Elisabetsky, 1990, Plants used as analgesics by Amazonian Caboclos as a basis for selecting plants for investigation, International Journal of Crude Drug Research, 28, 309, 10.3109/13880209009082838 Ferraeira, 1997, Effects of horminone on liver mixed function mono-oxygenases and glutathione enzyme activities of Wistar Rat, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 58, 21, 10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00073-1 Fleurentin, 1983, Cultural background of the medicinal plants of Yemen, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 7, 183, 10.1016/0378-8741(83)90020-X Frame, 1998, Plants from Puerto Rico with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis properties, Puerto Rico Health Science Journal, 17, 243 França, 1996, Plants used in the treatment of leishmanial ulcers due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in an endemic area of Bahia, Brazil, Revista-Sociedade Brasileira de Medicinal Tropical, 29, 229, 10.1590/S0037-86821996000300002 Fratkin, E.M., 1975. Herbal medicine and concept of disease in Samburu. Institute of African Studies, University of Nairobi, Seminar Paper No. 655. Gabetta, 1989, Minor diterpenoids of Coleus forskohlii, Phytochemistry, 28, 859, 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80130-X Gachathi, 1989 Garden Plants List, 2004. http://www.aboutgardenplants.com/Plectranthus.shtml. Gaspar-Marques, 2003, Labdane and kaurane derivatives from Plectranthus fruticosus, Journal of Natural Products, 66, 491, 10.1021/np020493g Geissler, 2002, Medicinal plants used by Luo mothers and children in Bondo District, Kenya, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 83, 39, 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00191-5 Ghisalberti, 1977, Cardiovascular activity of naturally occurring lignans, Phytomedicine, 4, 151, 10.1016/S0944-7113(97)80063-3 Gibbons, 2004, Anti-staphylococcal plant natural products, Natural Product Report, 21, 263, 10.1039/b212695h Githens, 1949 Githinji, C.W., 1990. Ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomic study of some Kenyan medicinal Labiate species. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya, Africa. Githinji, 1993, Ethnomedicinal study of major species in the family Labiatae from Kenya, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 39, 197, 10.1016/0378-8741(93)90036-5 Grayer, 2003, The chemotaxonomic significance of two bioactive caffeic acid esters, nepetoidins A and B, in the Lamiaceae, Phytochemistry, 64, 519, 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00192-4 Greenway, 1946, Origins of some East African food plants, East African Agricultural Journal, 10, 3 Grob, 1978, Drüsenfarbstoffe aus Labiaten: Strukturen von 16 Diterpen (Coleone und Royleanone) aus Coleus coerulescens Gürke, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 61, 871, 10.1002/hlca.19780610235 Gupta, 1993, Antiallergic activity of some traditonal Indian medicinal plants, International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 31, 15, 10.3109/13880209309082911 Gupta, 1993, Antisecretory (antidiarrhoeal) activity of Indian medicinal plants agianst Escherichia coli enterotoxin-induced secretion in rabbit and guinea pig ileal loop models, International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 31, 198, 10.3109/13880209309082942 Gurib-Fakim, 1996, Medicinal plants of Rodrigues, International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 341, 2, 10.1076/phbi.34.1.2.13177 Hadi, 2001, Initial studies on alkaloids from Lombok medicinal plants, Molecules, 6, 117, 10.3390/60100117 Hamill, 2003, Traditional herbal drugs of Southern Uganda (II). Literature analysis and antimicrobial assays, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84, 57, 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00289-1 Harsha, 2002, Ethnomedical knowledge of plants used by Kunabi tribe of Karnataka in India, Fitoterapia, 73, 281, 10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00078-3 Harsha, 2003, Ethnomedicobotany of Uttara Kannada District in Karnataka, India; plants in treatment of skin diseases, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84, 37, 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00261-1 Harvey, 2004 Hattori, 1995, Inhibitory effects of various Ayurvedic and Panamanian medicinal plants on the infection of Herpes simplex Virus-1 in vitro and in vivo, Phytotherapy Research, 9, 270, 10.1002/ptr.2650090408 Hedberg, 1983, Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Tanzania. II. Plants of the families Dilleniaceae-Opiliaceae, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 9, 105, 10.1016/0378-8741(83)90030-2 Hersey, 1983, Forskolin stimulation of acid and pepsinogen secretion by gastric glands, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 755, 293, 10.1016/0304-4165(83)90217-9 Holdsworth, D., 1977. Medicinal plants of Papua New Guinea. S. Pacific Commiss. Technical Paper 175. Noumea, New Caledonia, pp. 1–123. Holdsworth, 1989, A survey of medicinal plants of the Southern Highlands, Papua New Guinea, International Journal of Crude Drug Research, 27, 1, 10.3109/13880208909053928 Holland, 1915, The useful plants of Nigeria Htwe, 2001, In vitro antibacterial activity of some indigenous plants and effects on in vivo staphalococcal induced wound, The Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal, 13, 32 Huang, 2005, Human osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein mediating osteomimicry of prostate cancer cells: role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase a signaling pathway, Cancer Research, 65, 2303, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3448 Hulme, 1954 Hutchings, 1996 Innamorati, 1973, Notes on popular African medicines in the Herbarium at Florence, Webbia (Erbario Tropicale Di Ferenze Florence Italy), 28, 81 Jain, 1996, Amazonian uses of some plants growing in India, Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, 4, 21 Jain, 1994, Medicinal plants of Neterhat, Bihar, India, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 3, 44 Jin, 1998, Minor constituents from Coleus forskohlii, Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu, 20, 469 Jin, 1990, Chemical constituents of Coleus forskohlii Briq, Tianran Chanwu Yanjiu Yu Kaifa, 2, 6 Joffe, 1993 Joffe, 2001 Johns, 1995, Anti-giardial activity of gastrointestinal remedies of the Luo of East Africa, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 46, 17, 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01224-2 Johns, 1990, Herbal remedies of the Luo of Siaya District, Kenya: quantitative criteria for consensus, Economic Botany, 44, 369, 10.1007/BF03183922 Juch, 1997, Isolation, structure, and biological activities of long-chain catechols of Plectranthus sylvestris (Labiatae), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80, 436, 10.1002/hlca.19970800209 Kakudidi, 1996, Ruwenzori mountain forest non-timber products and people, 732 Katti, 1985, Diterpenoide Chinomethane, vinyloge Chinone und ein Phyllocladan-Derivat aus Plectranthus purpuratus Harv. (Labiatae), Helvetica Chimica Acta, 66, 2189 Kelecom, 1983, 6-Beta-hydroxycarnosol, a new minor diterpene from the false Boldo Coleus barbatus Bentham (Labiatae), Quimica Nova, 6, 117 Kelecom, 1985, Cariocal, a new seco-abietane diterpene from the Labiate Coleus barbatus, Tetrahedron Letters, 26, 3659, 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)89216-3 Kemtoff, 2002, Essential oils from leaves, stems and roots of Plectranthus barbatus Andr. (Labiatae) grown in Brazil, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14, 101, 10.1080/10412905.2002.9699783 Kokwaro, 1985, A review of research on plants for fertility regulation in Africa, Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 12, 149 Kokwaro, 1993 Kreutner, 1985, Bronchodilator and antiallergy activity of forkolin, European Journal of Pharmacology, 111, 1, 10.1016/0014-2999(85)90106-2 Kuebel, 1988, Vietnamese culinary herbs in the United States, Economic Botany, 42, 413, 10.1007/BF02860165 Kunzle, 1987, Isolierung und Struktur von 36 Diterpenoiden aus Trichomen von Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) T.T. Aye, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 70, 1911, 10.1002/hlca.19870700726 Kusumoto, 1995, Screening of various plant extracts used in Ayurvedic medicine for inhibitory effects on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Protease, Phytotherapy Research, 9, 180, 10.1002/ptr.2650090305 Lassak, 1983 Lasure, 1995, Screening of Rwandese plant extracts for their influence on lymphocyte proliferation, Phytomedicine, 1, 303, 10.1016/S0944-7113(11)80007-3 Lindner, 1978, Positive inotropic and blood pressure lowering activity of a diterpene derivative isolated from Coleus forskohli: Forskolin, Arzneimittelforschung, 28, 284 Lindner, 1983, The action of forskolin on muscle cells is modified by hormones, calcium ions and calcium antagonists, Arzneimittelforschung, 33, 1436 Lindsay, R.S., Hepper, F.N., 1978. Medicinal Plants of Marakwet, Kenya. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Publication. Liu, 2003, Chemical transformations of phyllocladane (=13 beta-kaurane) diterpenoids, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 86, 420, 10.1002/hlca.200390043 Liu, 1996, Phyllocladanes (13beta-kauranes) from Plectranthus ambiguous, Phytochemistry, 41, 1563, 10.1016/0031-9422(95)00816-0 Lusigi, 1984, Forage preferences of livestock in the arid lands of Northern Kenya, Journal of Range Management, 37, 542, 10.2307/3898855 Maia, 1988, Uncommon Brazilian essential oils of the Labiatae and Compositae, Development in Food Science, 18, 177 Maiden, J.H., 1899. Indigenous Vegetable Drugs. Report No. 2. Department of Agriculture, Sidney, Australia. Maikhuri, 1993, Ethnobiological notes on the Khasi and Garo tribes of Meghalaya, North East India, Economic Botany, 47, 345, 10.1007/BF02907348 Mathela, 1986, Terpenoids of roots of Coleus forskohlii, Fitoterapia, 57, 299 Matloubi-Moghadam, 1984, Novel coleons and royleanones from Coleus somaliensis S. Moore, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 67, 201, 10.1002/hlca.19840670125 Matu, 2003, Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87, 35, 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00107-7 McNew, R., 2002. Other succulents. http://www.shoalcreeksucculents.com/cgi-bin/webmastercart/WMCshop.pl?action=dbview&id=203487&list=category. Mehrotra, 1989, Abietane diterpenoids from Coleus zeylanicus, Phytochemistry, 28, 3135, 10.1016/0031-9422(89)80293-6 Metzger, 1981, The positive inotropic-acting forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator, Arzneimittelforschung, 31, 1248 Milliken, 1977, Traditional anti-malarial medicine in Roraima, Brazil, Economic Botany, 51, 212, 10.1007/BF02862091 Mitchell, 1979 Moir, 1973, Diterpenoid hydroquinones from Coleus somaliensis (S. Moore): coleons H, I and K., Helvetica Chimica Acta, 56, 2534, 10.1002/hlca.19730560737 Moir, 1973, Diterpenoids from Coleus somaliensis (S. Moore); coleons F and J, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 56, 2539, 10.1002/hlca.19730560738 Mooi, 1999, Anti-tumor promoting activity of some Malaysian traditional vegetables (Ulam), Natural Product Sciences, 5, 33 Morris, B., 1996. Chewe medical botany. A study of herbalism in Southern Malawi. Monograph from the International African Institute, vol. 2. LIT Verlag. Morton, 1992, Country borage (Coleus amboinicus Lour.): a potent flavoring and medicinal plant, Journal of Herbs, Spices Medicinal Plants, 1, 77, 10.1300/J044v01n01_09 Motolese, 1991, Frequency of contact sensitization to Euxyl K 400, Contact Dermatitis, 25, 128, 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01804.x Mugisha, M.K., 2002. The socio-cultural aspects in utilization of medicinal plants in reproductive healthcare in Western Uganda. A paper presented at The World's Women Congress, 2002. Gender Studies and Development, Makerere. Mukherjee, 2000, Establishment of forskolin yielding transformed cell suspension cultures of Coleus forskohlii as controlled by different factors, Journal of Biotechnology, 76, 73, 10.1016/S0168-1656(99)00181-9 Neuwinger, 2000 Ngassoum, 2001, Investigation of essential oils of Plectranthus glandulosus Hook. f. (Lamiaceae) from Cameroon, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13, 73, 10.1080/10412905.2001.9699615 Nyanyiwa, M., Gundidza, M., 1999. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ageratum conzoides, Plectranthus ecklonii, Conyza scabrida and Conyza bonariensis. Student Publications, Pharmacy Department, University of Zimbabwe. Ole-Marion, 2003, The Masai ethnodiagnostic skill of livestock diseases: a lead to traditional bioprospecting, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84, 79, 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00283-0 Omolo, 2004, Repellency of essential oils of some Kenyan plants against Anopheles gambiae, Phytochemisty, 65, 2797, 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.035 Ong, 1999, Malay ethno-medico botany in Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia, Fitoterapia, 70, 502, 10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00077-5 Othman, 2004, Antiphytoviral activity of the Plectranthus tenuiflorus on some important viruses, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 844 Owili, 1977, Perianal dermatitis in Kenya due to Plectranthus barbatus leaves (Maigoya leaves), East African Medical Journal, 54, 571 Ozawa, 1997, Novel water soluble forskolin analog (NKH477) shows antidepressant-like effects in forced swim test, Biological Psychiatry, 42, 235S, 10.1016/S0006-3223(97)87871-7 Pages, 1991, Teratogenic effects of Plectranthus fructicosus essential oil in mice, Phytotherapy Research, 5, 94, 10.1002/ptr.2650050213 Pages, 1998, Teratogenic effects of Plectranthus fructicosus essential oil in mice, Planta Medica, 54, 296, 10.1055/s-2006-962437 Painuly, 1983, Triterpenes and flavones from Coleus spicatus, Journal of Natural Products, 46, 285, 10.1021/np50026a028 Parkia, 2003, The ethnobotany of the Midzichenda tribes of the coastal forest areas in Kenya. 2. Medicinal plant uses, South African Journal of Botany, 69, 382, 10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30321-5 Paton, 2004, Phylogeny and evolution of basils and allies (Ocimeae, Labiatae) based on three plastid DNA regions, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 277, 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.08.002 Perrot, E., 1944. Matières Premières Usuelles du Règne Végétal. Tome Second, Masson, Paris, pp. 1089–2343. Pino, 1996, Comparative chemical composition of the volatiles of Coleus aromaticus produced by steam distillation, solvent extraction and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 8, 373, 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700643 Prudent, 1995, Analysis of the essential oil of wild oregano from Martinique (Coleus aromaticus Benth.): evaluation of its bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 7, 165, 10.1080/10412905.1995.9698492 Purseglove, 1987 Rabe, 1998, Screening of Plectranthus species for antibacterial activity, South African Journal of Botany, 64, 62, 10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30834-6 Rahman, 2004, Medicinal plant diversity in the flora of Saudi Arabia. 1: A report on seven plant families, Fitoterapia, 75, 149, 10.1016/j.fitote.2003.12.012 Rajendran, 1999, Some medicinal and aromatic labiates from the Peninsular India, Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 6, 26 Ramachandran, 1981, Ethnobotanical studies in Cannanore District, Kerala State (India), Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 2, 65 Reinten, 2002, Commercialization of South African indigenous crops: aspects of research and cultivation of products Rijo, 2002, Neoclerodane and labdane diterpenoids from Plectranthus ornatus, Journal of Natural Products, 65, 1387, 10.1021/np020203w Riley, 1988 Roberts, 1990 Rodríguez, 1995, Revison of the structure of an aristolane sesquiterpene aldehyde isolated from the roots of Plectranthus, Phytochemistry, 38, 905, 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00741-B Rüedi, 1986, Novel diterpenoids from leaf glands of Plectranthus barbatus (Labiatae). The absolute configuration of the 2-hydroxypropyl group in Coleon E, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 69, 972, 10.1002/hlca.19860690504 Rüedi, 1973, Strucktur von Coleon F, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 56, 1129, 10.1002/hlca.19730560336 Ruiz, 1996, Screening of medicinal plants for induction of somatic segregation activity in Aspergillus nidulans, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 52, 123, 10.1016/0378-8741(96)01394-3 Rwangabo, P.C., 1993. La médicine traditionnelle au Rwanda. Edition Karthala, ACCT. Schanberg, 2003, Quantitative analysis of forskolin in Coleus forkohlii (Lamiaceae) by reversed-phase liguid chromatography, Journal of AOAC International, 86, 467, 10.1093/jaoac/86.3.467 Schlage, 2000, Medicinal plants of Washambaa (Tanzania): documentation and ethnopharmacological evaluation, Plant Biology, 2, 82, 10.1055/s-2000-296 Schmid, 1982, Diterpenoid drüsenfarbstoffe aus Labiaten: 22 neue Coleone und Royleanone aus Plectranthus lanuginosus, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 65, 2136, 10.1002/hlca.19820650721 Schmidt, R.J., 2005. Plectranthus australis (Swedish ivy) grown as a house plant. Botanical Dermatology Database (BoDD), http://bodd.cf.ac.uk/BotDermFolder/BotDermL/LABI.html. Sebastian, 1984, Medico-Ethno Botany of Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 12, 223, 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90050-3 Shankar, 1995, The challenges facing the biocultural heritage of India's medicinal plants Sharma, 1981, Some promising plant remedies, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 131, 96 Singh, 1992, A contribution to the Ethnopharmacological Study of the Udaipur Forests of Rajasthan, India, Fitoterapia, 63, 136 Smith, 1996, Chemical composition of the essential oil of Plectranthus tenuiflorus from Saudi Arabia, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 8, 447, 10.1080/10412905.1996.9700663 Spicy hu, Gábor RABI, 2004. Herb Plant Database, http://www.spicy.hu/modules.php?name=Herbplants&op=showdetails&id=253&&newlang=english. Steele, 2002, Two novel assays for the detection of haemin-binding properties of antimalarials evaluated with compounds isolated from medicinal plants, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 50, 25, 10.1093/jac/dkf089 Stepp, 2004, The role of weeds as sources of pharmaceuticals, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92, 163, 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.002 Sugiyama, K., Takada, K., Fukushima, A., Egawa, M., 1988. Forskolin-containing composition for hair graying suppression. Patent-European Patent Applications 293, 837. Svoboda, 1996, Natural products from plants, Herbs, 21, 230 Tabuti, 2003, Traditional herbal drugs of Bulamogi, Uganda: plants, use and administration, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88, 19, 10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00161-2 Tandon, 1996, CAMP Workshop: plants under threat—new list forged, Medicinal Plant Conservation, 2, 12 Tandon, 1978, Structures of three new diterpenes, coleonol-B, coleonol-C and deoxycoleonol isolated from Coleus forskohlii, Indian Journal of Chemistry B, 16, 341 Tandon, 1984, Chemistry and antihypertensive activity of coleonol derivatives, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 23, 67 Tandon, 1992, Epi-deoxylcoleonol, a new antihypertensive labdane diterpenoid from Coleus forskohlii, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2, 249, 10.1016/S0960-894X(01)81074-X Teixeira, 1997, Abietane diterpenoids from Plectranthus grandidentatus, Phytochemistry, 44, 325, 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00467-0 Tewtrakul, 2003, HIV-1 integrase inhibitory substances from Coleus parvifolius, Phytotherapy Research, 17, 232, 10.1002/ptr.1111 Tourle, P., 2003. My plant. Sutherland Group, Australia, Online Newsletter, April, http://www.members.ozemail.com.au. Uchida, 1981, Isolation of 14-hydroxytaxodione from Plectranthus grandidentatus Gürke and of seven new dimeric diterpenoids from P. grandidentatus, P. myrianthus and Coleus carnosus. Structures of Grandidone A, 7-Epi-A, B, 7-Epi-B, C, D and 7-Epi-D, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 64, 2227, 10.1002/hlca.19810640729 UNEP, 2004. Secretariat for the Convention on Biological Diversity, Conference of Parties, Decision VI/9 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. http://www.biodiv.org/decisions/default.asp?dec=VI/9. Valdes, 1987, Coleus barbatus (C. forskohlii) (Lamiaceae) and the potential new drug forskolin (coleonol), Economic Botany, 41, 474, 10.1007/BF02908139 van Puyvelde, 1994, In vitro inhibition of mycobacteria by Rwandese medicinal plants, Phytotherapy Research, 8, 62, 10.1002/ptr.2650080202 Varma, 1963, Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Plectranthus incanus, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 25, 189 Venter, 2000, Potential vegetable and medicinal uses of traditional crops in South Africa, Acta Horticulture, 523, 25, 10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.523.2 Vigneron, 2005, Antimalarial remedies in French Guiana: a knowledge attitudes and practices study, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 98, 351, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.049 Vlietinck, 1995, Screening of hundred Rwandese medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral properties, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 46, 31, 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01226-4 Watt, 1962 Welsh, D.F., Cotner, S., 2000. House plants. SP-6 Master Gardener Handbook. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/houseplant/houseplant.html. Wiersema, 1999 Wirtu, 1997, Aspects of farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of animal health problems in central Ethiopia Woodley, 1991 Yamada, 1999, A report on the ethnobotany of the Nyindu in the Eastern part of the former Zaire, African Study Monographs, 20, 1 Yoganarasimhan, 2000 Zelnik, 1977, Barbatusin and cyclobutatusin. Two novel diterpenoids from Coleus barbatus, Tetrahedron, 33, 1457, 10.1016/0040-4020(77)88005-8 Zepernick, 1972 Bally, 1934. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at EA. Collected from Tanzania (Bally 219). Battiscombe, 1956. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Battiscombe 554). Buitendag, 1971. P. verticillatus Druce (syn. P. nummularius Briq.) A herbarium specimen held at EA collected in South Africa (Buitendag 885). Bush, 1943. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (Bush 255). Caufield, 1978. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at EA. Collected from Kenya (Caufield 137). Craig, Mayenda, 1990. P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at K. collected from the Pacific (Craig & Mayenda 25). Cunningham, Barigyira, 1992. P. stolii Gilli. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Uganda (Cunningham & Barigyira 4107). Drummond, Hemsley, 1953. P. barbatus. Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K and collected in Tanzania (Drummond & Hemsley 4370). Dudgeon, 1909. P. esculentus N.E.Br. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Nigeria (Dudgeon s.n.). Epling, 1981. P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from the Pacific (Epling 18080). Gaetan, 1959. P. stolzii Gilli. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Gaetan 125). Gentry, 1969. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (Gentry 9). Gentry, 1970. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (Gentry 17). Githinji, 1988. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at NAI collected from Kenya (Githinji 20). Githinji, Mwangangi, 1989. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at NAI collected from Kenya (Githinji & Mwangangi 108). Glover, et al., 1961a. P. kamerunensis Gürke. Herbarium specimen held at K & EA collected from Kenya (Glover, et al., 1370). Glover, et al., 1961b. P. longipes Bak. Herbarium specimen held at K & EA collected from Kenya (Glover, et al., 2564). Glover, Samuel, 1962. P. longipes Bak. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (Glover & Samuel 3062). Greenway, 1946. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Greenway 7879). Grimshaw, 1993. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Grimshaw 9339). Hedberg, 1979. P. punctatus L’Her. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Ethiopia (Hedberg 6942B). Hendy, 1977. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Yemen (Hendy 8). Hepper, Jaeger, 1978. P. lanuginosus (Benth.) Agnew. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Hepper & Jaeger 7032). Jaarsveld, 1991. P. elegans Britten. Herbarium specimen from held at K collected from South Africa (Jaarsveld 11328). Jarrett, 1950. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Uganda (Jarrett 16). Kahurananga, Kiilu, 1976. P. saccatus Benth. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (Kahurananga & Kiilu 2953). Koritschoner, 1935a. P. laxiflorus Benth. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Koritschoner 880). Koritschoner, 1935b. P. laxiflorus Benth. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Koritschoner 1365). Leeuwenberg, 1972. Plectranthus aff. occidentalis. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Cameroon (Leeuwenberg 10289). Lovett, Kayombo, 1989a. P. viphyensis Brummit & J.H. Seyani. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Lovett & Kayombo 3317). Lovett, Kayombo, 1989b. P. viphyensis Brummit & J.H. Seyani. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Lovett & Kayombo 3508). Lukhoba, Mathenge, 1993. P. edulis (Vatke) Agnew. Herbarium specimen held at NAI collected from Kenya (Lukhoba & Mathenge 220). Maher, 1935. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Maher 3229). Mathew, 1970. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Mathew 6163). Mayenda, 1991. P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from the Pacific (Mayenda 43). Meyer, 1964. P. pseudomarrubioides Willemse. Herbarium specimen at EA collected from Ethiopia (Meyer 8590). Meyerhoff, 1978a. P. tetensis (Bak.) Agnew. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Meyerhoff 14M). Meyerhoff, 1978b. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Meyerhoff 28M). Meyerhoff, 1978c. P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Meyerhoff 94M). Mooney, 1954. P. punctatus L’Her. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Ethiopia (Mooney 6225). Msyla, 1944. P. esculentus N.E.Br. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Uganda (Msyla 1600). Mwangangi, 1971. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Mwangangi 1648). Mwangangi, 1982. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Mwangangi 2241). Napier, 1933. P. kivuensis (Lebrun & Touss.) R.H. Willemse. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Kenya (Napier 5409). NMK Expd., 1974. P. hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (NMK Expd. 171). Purseglove, 1944. P. esculentus N.E.Br. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Uganda (Purseglove P1600). Rounce, 1933. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Rounce 253). Rwaburindore, 1969. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Uganda (Rwaburindore Rwab. 32). Sato, 1976. P. igniarius (Schweinf.) Agnew. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Kenya (Sato 22). Scott, 1979. P. punctatus L’Her. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Ethiopia (Scott 63). Semsei, 1956a. P. esculentus N.E.Br. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Tanzania (Semsei 2464). Semsei, 1956b. P. esculentus N.E.Br. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Semsei 2498). Simon, Mollel, 1999. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Simon & Mollel 94). Tadesse, 1967. P. punctatus L’Her. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Ethiopia (Tadesse 638). Tanner, 1946. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Tanner 4877A). Tanner, 1952a. P. hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Tanner 629). Tanner, 1952b. P. montanus Benth. (P. cylindraceus). Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Tanner 728). Tanner, 1959. P. hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Tanner 4221). Tanner, 1961a. P. stachyoides Oliv. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Tanner 5742). Tanner, 1961b. P. lactiflorus (Vatke) Agnew. Herbarium specimen held at K & EA collected from Tanzania (Tanner 5911). Tanner, 1961c. Plectranthus sp. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Tanner 5907). Templer, 1960. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Tanzania (Templer T11). Ward, 1935. P. esculentus N.E.Br. Herbarium specimen held at K & EA collected from Tanzania (Ward H39/35). Williams, 1975. P. barbatus Andr. Herbarium specimen held at EA collected from Tanzania (Williams 60). Winter, Leistner, 1957. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Namibia (Winter & Leistner 5595). Yuncker, 1953. P. amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Herbarium specimen held at BM collected from Tonga (Yuncker 15232). Zaroug, 1981. P. pseudomarrubioides Willemse. Herbarium specimen held at K collected from Oman (Zaroug RMD 23).