Low carbon maritime transport: How speed, size and slenderness amounts to substantial capital energy substitution

Haakon Lindstad1, Gunnar S. Eskeland2
1Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute (MARINTEK), Trondheim, Norway
2Norwegian School of Economics (NHH), Bergen, Norway

Tài liệu tham khảo

Anger, 2010 Buhaug, 2009 Corbett, 2009, The effectiveness and cost of speed reductions on emissions from international shipping, Transport. Res. D, 14, 593, 10.1016/j.trd.2009.08.005 Cullinane, 2000, Economies of scale in large containerships: optimal size and geographical implications, J. Transport Geogr., 8, 181, 10.1016/S0966-6923(00)00010-7 Faltinsen, O., Minsaas, M., Liapis, K.J., N., Skjørdal, S.O., 1980. Prediction of resistance and propulsion of a ship in a seaway. In Proceeding of 13th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Tokyo, the Shipbuilding Research Association of Japan, 1980, pp. 505–529. Faltinsen, 1990 GENSCAPE, 2015. Speed Matters, the Impact of VLCC Fleet Speed on Effective Fleet Size, May 2015. <www.genscape.com/maritime>. Gkonis, K.G., Psaraftis, H.N., 2012. Modeling tankers’ optimal speed and emissions. 2012 Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Transactions 120. Jansson, 1982, The optimal ship size, J. Transport Econ. Policy, 16, 217 Johansen, 1972 Jonkeren, 2012, Freight prices, fuel prices, and speed, J. Transport Econ. Policy, 46, 175 Koopmans, 1939 Krugman, 1991, Increasing returns and economic geography, J. Polit. Econ., 99, 483, 10.1086/261763 Lewis E.D., 1988. Principles of naval architecture, vol. II. The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, ISBN 0-939773-01-5. Lindstad, 2011, Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and cost by shipping at lower speed, Energy Policy, 39, 3456, 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.044 Lindstad, 2012, The importance of economies of scale for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from shipping, Energy Policy, 46, 386, 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.077 Lindstad, 2013, Reduction in cost and emissions with new bulk ships designed enabled by the Panama Canal expansion, Energy Policy, 59, 341, 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.046 Lindstad, 2013, Assessment of profit, cost and emissions by varying speed as a function of sea conditions and freight market, Transport. Res. Part D, 19, 5, 10.1016/j.trd.2012.11.001 Lindstad, H., 2013. Strategies and measures for reducing maritime CO2 emissions. Doctoral Thesis PhD. Norwegian University of Science and Technology – Department of Marine Technology. ISBN 978-82-461-4516-6 (printed), ISBN 978-82-471-4517-3 (electronic). Lindstad, 2014, Assessment of profit, cost, and emissions for slender bulk vessel designs, Transport. Res. Part D, 29, 32, 10.1016/j.trd.2014.04.001 Lindstad, H., Verbeek, R., Blok, M., Zyl., S., Hübscher, A., Kramer, H., Purwanto, J., Ivanova, O., 2015. GHG emission reduction potential of EU-related maritime transport and on its impacts. European Commission: CLIMA.B.3/ETU/2013/0015. Lloyd, A.R.J.M., 1988. Seakeeping, Ship Behaviour in Rough Weather. 1998, ISBN 0-9532634-0-1. Notteboom, 2009, The effect of high fuel liner service configuration in container shipping, J. Transport Geogr., 17, 325, 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.05.003 Psaraftis, 2010, Balancing the economic and environmental performance of maritime transport, Transport. Res. Part D, 15, 458, 10.1016/j.trd.2010.05.001 Psaraftis, 2013, Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: a taxonomy and survey, Transport. Res. Part C, 26, 331, 10.1016/j.trc.2012.09.012 Psaraftis, 2014, Ship speed optimization: concepts, models and combined speed-routing scenarios, Transport. Res. Part C, 44, 52, 10.1016/j.trc.2014.03.001 Sea at Risk and CE Delft, 2010. Going Slow to Reduce Emissions. <www.seas-at-risk.org>. Silverleaf, A., Dawson, J., 1966. Hydrodynamic design of merchant ships for high speed operation. Summer Meeting in Germany 12th – 16th of June, 1966. The Schiffbautechnische Gescaft E.V., The institute of marine engineers, The institute of engineers and shipbuilders in Scotland, The North East Coast Institution of Engineers and shipbuilders, The Royal institution of naval architects. Smith, T., et al., 2014. The Third IMO GHG Study 2014. <www.imo.org>. Stott, 2011, Opportunities for improved efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions in dry bulk shipping stemming from the relaxation of the Panamax beam constraint, Int. J Maritime Eng., 153 Sys, 2008, In search of the link between ship size and operations, Transport. Plann. Technol., 31, 435, 10.1080/03081060802335109 UNCTAD, 2014. Review of Maritime Transport 2014. <http://unctad.org/en/pages/PublicationWebflyer.aspx?publicationid=1068>. Van der Boom, 2010. Ship Performance Analysis on Full Scale. Workshop NMRI-MARIN June 24, 2010. <http://www.marin.nl>.