Effect of the renin-angiotensin system on limb circulation and metabolism during exercise in patients with heart failure

Franciosa, 1979, Functional capacity of patients with chronic left ventricular failure. Relationship of bicycle exercise performance to clinical and hemodynamic characterization, Am J Med, 67, 460, 10.1016/0002-9343(79)90794-0 Weber, 1982, Oxygen utilization and ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic cardiac failure, Circulation, 65, 1218, 10.1161/01.CIR.65.6.1213 Wilson, 1983, Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic left heart failure: relation to oxygen transport and ventilatory abnormalities, Am J Cardiol, 51, 1358, 10.1016/0002-9149(83)90312-0 Wilson, 1984, Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure: role of impaired skeletal muscle nutritive flow, Circulation, 69, 1079, 10.1161/01.CIR.69.6.1079 Zelis, 1974, A comparison of regional blood flow and oxygen utilization during dynamic forearm exercise in normal subjects and patients with congestive heart failure, Circulation, 50, 137, 10.1161/01.CIR.50.1.137 Longhurst J Gifford, 1976, Impaired forearm oxygen consumption during static exercise in patients with congestive heart failure, Circulation, 54, 477, 10.1161/01.CIR.54.3.477 Zelis, 1968, A comparison of the effects of vasodilator stimuli on peripheral resistance vessels in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure, J Clin Invest, 47, 960, 10.1172/JCI105788 Levine, 1982, Determinants of acute and long-term response to converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure, Am Heart J, 104, 1159, 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90045-X Cody, 1982, Use of captopril to estimate renin-angiotensinaldosterone activity in the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure, Am Heart J, 104, 1184, 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90049-7 Kirklin, 1984, Neuroendocrine activation in response to exercise in congestive heart failure (abstr), J Am Coll Cardiol, 3, 533 Hesse, 1978, Renin release in relation to plasma noradrenaline during supine exercise in cardiac patients, Acta Med Scand, 204, 185, 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08422.x Wood, 1961, Peripheral venous and arteriolar responses to infusions of angiotensin in normal and hypertensive subjects, Circ Res, 9, 768, 10.1161/01.RES.9.3.768 Abboud, 1974, Effects of sodium, angiotensin, and steroids on vascular reactivity in man, Fed Proc, 33, 143 Burcher, 1973, Antagonism of vasoconstrictor responses by exercise in the gracilis muscle of the dog, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 187, 78 Imai, 1982, Captopril attenuates pressor responses to norepinephrine and vasopressin through depletion of endogenous angiotensin II, Am J Cardiol, 49, 1537, 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90381-2 Cody, 1982, Captopril pharmacokinetics and the acute hemodynamic and hormonal response in patients with sevens chronic congestive heart failure, Am Heart J, 104, 1180, 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90048-5 Jorfeldt, 1968, Determination of human leg blood flow: a thermodilution technique based on femoral venous bolus injection, Clin Sci Mol Med, 54, 517 Jorfeldt, 1971, Leg blood flow during exercise in man, Clin Sci J, 41, 459, 10.1042/cs0410459 Wahren J Saltin, 1974, Influence of age on the local circulatory adaptation to leg exercise, Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 33, 79, 10.3109/00365517409114201 Wilson, 1983, Effect of hydralazine on perfusion and metabolism in the leg during upright bicycle exercise in patients with heart failure, Circulation, 68, 425, 10.1161/01.CIR.68.2.425 Wilson, 1984, Impaired skeletal muscle nutritive flow during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure: role of cardiac pump dysfunction as determined by the effect of dobutamine, Am.) Cardiol, 53, 1308, 10.1016/0002-9149(84)90085-7 Weissman, 1974, Inorganic ions, 655 Francis, 1982, Response of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine to dynamic exercise in patients with congestive heart failure, Am J Cardiol, 49, 1152, 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90039-X Stranctell, 1967, The effect in humans of increased sympathetic activity on the blood flow to active muscles, Acta Med Scand, 172, 146 Thompson, 1983, Blood flow and oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle during sympathetic stimulation, Am J Physiol, 245, H66 Flaim, 1979, The effects of norehmephrine on active hyperemia in the canine gracilis muscle, Circ Res, 44, 660, 10.1161/01.RES.44.5.660 Faxon, 1980, Central and peripheral hemodynamic effects of angiotensin inhibition in patients with refractory congestive heart failure, Circulation, 61, 925, 10.1161/01.CIR.61.5.925 Faxon, 1981, Angiotensin inhibition in severe heart failure: acute central and limb hemodynamic effects of captopril with observations on sustained oral therapy, Am Heart J, 101, 548, 10.1016/0002-8703(81)90220-9 Awan, 1981, Efficacy of oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril therapy in severe chronic normotensive congestive heart failure, Am Heart J, 101, 22, 10.1016/0002-8703(81)90379-3 Kugler J Maskin, 1982, Regional and systemic metabolic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition during exercise in patients with severe heart failure, Circulation, 66, 1256, 10.1161/01.CIR.66.6.1256 Rowell, 1974, Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress, Physiol Rev, 54, 75, 10.1152/physrev.1974.54.1.75 Walker, 1982, Metabolic response in different muscle types to reduced blood flow during exercise in perfused rat hindlimb, Clin Sci, 63, 293, 10.1042/cs0630293 Bylund-Fellenius, 1981, Energy metabolism in relation to oxygen partial pressure in human skeletal muscle during exercise, Biochem J, 200, 247, 10.1042/bj2000247 Bruce, 1973, Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease, Am Heart J, 85, 546, 10.1016/0002-8703(73)90502-4 Pirnay, 1972, Analysis of femoral venous blood during maximal muscular exercise, J Appl Physiol, 33, 289, 10.1152/jappl.1972.33.3.289 Doll, 1968, Oxygen tension and acid-base equilibria in venous blood of working muscle, Am J Physiol, 215, 23, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.1.23 Connett, 1984, Lactate accumulation in fully aerobic, working dog gracilis muscle, Am J Physiol, 246, H120 Holloszy, 1976, Biochemical adaptations to endurance exercise in muscle, Ann Rev Physiol, 18, 273, 10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.001421 Engel, 1972, Inhibition of pressor effects of angiotensin I and augmentation of depressor effects of bradykinin by synthetic peptides, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 140, 240, 10.3181/00379727-140-36433