Cysteine-rich regions of pig gastric mucin contain von Willebrand factor and cystine knot domains at the carboxyl terminal

A. Allen, Structure and function of gastrointestinal mucin, in: L. Johnson, J. Christensen, M. Grossman, E. Jacobson, S. Schultz (Eds.), Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract vol. 1, Raven, New York, 1981, pp. 617–639. Bhaskar, 1992, Viscous fingering of HCl through gastric mucin, Nature, 360, 458, 10.1038/360458a0 Bhaskar, 1991, Profound increase in viscosity and aggregation of pig gastric mucin at low pH, Am. J. Physiol., 261, G827 Turner, 1995, Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding pig gastric mucin, Biochem. J., 308, 89, 10.1042/bj3080089 Gum, 1992, Mucin genes and the proteins they encode: structure, diversity and regulation, Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 5, 557, 10.1165/ajrcmb/7.6.557 Shekels, 1995, Mouse gastric mucin: cloning and chromosomal localization, Biochem. J., 311, 775, 10.1042/bj3110775 Inatomi, 1997, Cloning of rat Muc5AC mucin gene: comparison of its structure and tissue distribution to that of human and mouse homologues, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 236, 789, 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7051 Klomp, 1995, Cloning and analysis of human gastric mucin cDNA reveals two types of conserved cysteine-rich domains, Biochem. J., 308, 831, 10.1042/bj3080831 Guyonnet-Duperat, 1995, Characterization of the human mucin gene MUC5AC: a consensus cysteine-rich domain for 11p15 mucin genes?, Biochem. J., 305, 211, 10.1042/bj3050211 Desseyn, 1997, Human mucin gene MUC5B, the 10.7-kb large central exon encodes various alternate subdomains resulting in a super-repeat. Structural evidence for a 11p15.5 gene family, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 3168, 10.1074/jbc.272.6.3168 Barnes, 1994, PCR amplification of up to 35-kb DNA with high fidelity and high yield from lambda bacteriophage templates, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 2216, 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2216 Hansen, 1998, O-GLYCBASE Version 3.0: a revised database of O-glycosylated proteins, Nucleic Acids Res., 26, 387, 10.1093/nar/26.1.387 Lesuffleur, 1995, Characterization of a mucin cDNA clone isolated from HT-29 mucus-secreting cells. The 3′ end of MUC5AC?, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 13665, 10.1074/jbc.270.23.13665 Dekker, 1990, Covalent oligomerization of rat gastric mucin occurs in the tough endoplasmic reticulum, is N-glycosylation-dependent and precedes initial O-glycosylation, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 18116, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44725-9 Desseyn, 1997, Genomic organization of the 3′ region of the human mucin gene MUC5B, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 16873, 10.1074/jbc.272.27.16873 Troxler, 1997, Molecular characterization of a major high molecular weight mucin from human sublingual gland, Glycobiology, 7, 965, 10.1093/glycob/7.7.965 Gum, 1992, The human MUC2 intestinal mucin has cysteine-rich subdomains located both upstream and downstream of its central repetitive region, J. Biol. Chem., 267, 21375, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36620-7 Toribara, 1997, The carboxyl-terminal sequence of the human secretory mucin, MUC6. Analysis of the primary amino acid sequence, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 16398, 10.1074/jbc.272.26.16398 Eckhardt, 1991, Porcine submaxillary mucin contains a cystine-rich, carboxy-terminal domain in addition to a highly repetitive, glycosylated domain, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 9678, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)92874-7 Eckhardt, 1997, The complete cDNA sequence and structural polymorphism of the polypeptide chain of porcine submaxillary mucin, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 33204, 10.1074/jbc.272.52.33204 McDonald, 1993, A structural superfamily of growth factors containing a cystine knot motif, Cell, 73, 421, 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90127-C Perez-Vilar, 1998, The carboxyl-terminal 90 residues of porcine submaxillary mucin are sufficient for forming disulfide-bonded dimers, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 6982, 10.1074/jbc.273.12.6982 Perez-Vilar, 1997, Norrie disease protein (norrin) forms disulfide-linked oligomers associated with the extracellular matrix, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 33410, 10.1074/jbc.272.52.33410 Voorberg, 1991, Assembly and routing of von Willebrand factor variants: the requirements for disulfide-linked dimerization reside within the carboxy-terminal 151 amino acids, J. Cell Biol., 113, 195, 10.1083/jcb.113.1.195 Sun, 1995, The cystine-knot growth-factor superfamily, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct., 24, 269, 10.1146/annurev.bb.24.060195.001413 Perez-Vilar, 1996, Porcine submaxillary mucin forms disulfide-bonded dimers between its carboxyl-terminal domains, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 9845, 10.1074/jbc.271.16.9845 Meitinger, 1993, Molecular modelling of the Norrie disease protein predicts a cystine knot growth factor tertiary structure, Nat. Genet., 5, 376, 10.1038/ng1293-376 Mancuso, 1989, Structure of the gene for human von Willebrand factor, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 19514, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47144-5 Mayadas, 1989, In vitro multimerization of von Willebrand factor is triggered by low pH. Importance of the propolypeptide and free sulfhydryls, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 13497, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)80024-2 Mayadas, 1992, Vicinal cysteines in the prosequence play a role in von Willebrand factor multimer assembly, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 3531, 10.1073/pnas.89.8.3531 Bansil, 1995, Mucin biophysics, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 57, 635, 10.1146/annurev.ph.57.030195.003223 Gong, 1990, Lipid binding to gastric mucin: protective effect against oxygen radicals, Am. J. Physiol., 259, G681 Slomiany, 1983, Covalently linked fatty acids in gastric mucus glycoprotein of cystic fibrosis patients, J. Biol. Chem., 258, 8535, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)32087-8 Cao, 1999, Afdhal, pH-dependent conformational change of gastric mucin leads to sol-gel transition, Biophys. J., 76, 1250, 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77288-7 Lichtenberger, 1983, Role of surface-active phospholipids in gastric cytoprotection, Science, 219, 1327, 10.1126/science.6828859 Pigny, 1995, The MUC5AC gene: RFLP analysis with the Jer58 probe, Hum. Genet., 96, 367, 10.1007/BF00210427 Larson, 1996, Rapid communication: BamHI restriction fragment length polymorphism detected with a pig gastric mucin (MUC5AC) probe, J. Anim. Sci., 74, 1443, 10.2527/1996.7461443x Goureau, 1996, Human and porcine correspondence of chromosome segments using bidirectional chromosome painting, Genomics, 36, 252, 10.1006/geno.1996.0460 Shows, 1996, Report of the fifth international workshop on human chromosome 11 mapping 1996, Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 74, 1, 10.1159/000134383 Yerle, 1997, The cytogenetic map of the domestic pig, Mammal. Genome, 8, 592, 10.1007/s003359900512 Pigny, 1996, Human mucin genes assigned to 11p15.5: identification and organization of a cluster of genes, Genomics, 38, 340, 10.1006/geno.1996.0637 Younan, 1982, Changes in the structure of the mucous gel on the mucosal surface of the stomach in association with peptic ulcer disease, Gastroenterology, 82, 827, 10.1016/S0016-5085(82)80241-2 Bonthron, 1986, Nucleotide sequence of pre-pro- von Willebrand factor cDNA, Nucleic Acids Res., 14, 7125, 10.1093/nar/14.17.7125 Sonnhammer, 1998, Pfam: multiple sequence alignments and HMM-profiles of protein domains, Nucleic Acids Res., 26, 320, 10.1093/nar/26.1.320 Altschul, 1997, Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs, Nucleic Acids Res., 25, 3389, 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389