Tooth movements are guided by specific contact areas between the tooth root and the jaw bone: A dynamic 3D microCT study of the rat molar

Andersen, 1991, Determination of stress levels and profiles in the periodontal ligament by means of an improved three-dimensional finite element model for various types of orthodontic and natural force systems, J. Biomed. Eng., 13, 293, 10.1016/0141-5425(91)90111-J Asundi, 2000, A strain gauge and photoelastic analysis of in vivo strain and in vitro stress distribution in human dental supporting structures, Arch. Oral Biol., 45, 543, 10.1016/S0003-9969(00)00031-5 Berkovitz, 1990, The structure of the periodontal ligament: an update, Eur. J. Orthod., 12, 51, 10.1093/ejo/12.1.51 Bien, 1966, Hydrodynamic damping of tooth movement, J. Dent. Res., 45, 907, 10.1177/00220345660450036701 Bosshardt, 1997, Dental cementum: the dynamic tissue covering of the root, Periodontology, 13, 41, 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00095.x Bosshardt, 2008, Regional structural characteristics of bovine periodontal ligament samples and their suitability for biomechanical tests, J. Anat., 212, 319, 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00856.x Carnevale, 1995, Management of furcation involvement, Periodontology, 9, 69, 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1995.tb00057.x Chattah, 2009, Design strategy of minipig molars using electronic speckle pattern interferometry: comparison of deformation under load between the tooth–mandible complex and the isolated tooth, Adv. Mater., 21, 413, 10.1002/adma.200801187 Chattah, 2011, Structure–function relations of primate lower incisors: a study of the deformation of Macaca mulatta dentition using electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), J. Anat., 218, 87, 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01234.x Cuy, 2002, Nanoindentation mapping of the mechanical properties of human molar tooth enamel, Arch. Oral Biol., 47, 281, 10.1016/S0003-9969(02)00006-7 Dorow, 2002, Experiments to determine the material properties of the periodontal ligament, J. Orofac. Orthop., 63, 94, 10.1007/s00056-002-0107-4 Dorow, 2003, Determination of the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament in a uniaxial tensional experiment, J. Orofac. Orthop., 64, 100, 10.1007/s00056-003-0225-7 Helkimo, 1977, Bite force and state of dentition, Acta Odontol. Scand., 35, 297, 10.3109/00016357709064128 Ho, 2004, Local properties of a functionally graded interphase between cementum and dentin, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 70A, 480, 10.1002/jbm.a.30105 Ho, 2009, Structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of human and rat cementum and its interface with root dentin, Acta Biomater., 5, 707, 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.08.013 Huo, 2005, An inhomogeneous and anisotropic constitutive model of human dentin, J. Biomech., 38, 587, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.03.028 Hurng, 2011, Discontinuities in the human bone–PDL–cementum complex, Biomaterials, 32, 7106, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.021 Kawarizadeh, 2003, Experimental and numerical determination of initial tooth mobility and material properties of the periodontal ligament in rat molar specimens, Eur. J. Orthod., 25, 569, 10.1093/ejo/25.6.569 Kinney, 2003, The mechanical properties of human dentin: a critical review and re-evaluation of the dental literature, Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med., 14, 13, 10.1177/154411130301400103 Knapp, 1997, Rheology of reconstituted type I collagen gel in confined compression, J. Rheol., 41, 971, 10.1122/1.550817 Mandel, 1986, A biomechanical study of the human periodontal ligament, J. Biomech., 19, 637, 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90169-7 McCulloch, 2000, Role of physical forces in regulating the form and function of the periodontal ligament, Periodontology, 24, 56, 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2000.2240104.x Meikle, 2006, The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt, Eur. J. Orthod., 28, 221, 10.1093/ejo/cjl001 Nanci, 2008 Natali, 2007, Experimental–numerical analysis of minipig’s multi-rooted teeth, J. Biomech., 40, 1701, 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.08.011 Panagiotopoulou, 2010, The mechanical function of the periodontal ligament in the macaque mandible: a validation and sensitivity study using finite element analysis, J. Anat., 218, 75, 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01257.x Parfitt, 1960, Measurement of the physiological mobility of individual teeth in an axial direction, J. Dent. Res., 39, 608, 10.1177/00220345600390032201 Picton, 1965, On the part played by the socket in tooth support, Arch. Oral Biol., 10, 945, 10.1016/0003-9969(65)90088-9 Picton, 1990, Tooth mobility an update, Eur. J. Orthod., 12, 109, 10.1093/ejo/12.1.109 Pini, 2004, Tensile and compressive behaviour of the bovine periodontal ligament, J. Biomech., 37, 111, 10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00234-3 Pini, 2002, Mechanical characterization of bovine periodontal ligament, J. Periodontal Res., 37, 237, 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2002.00344.x Poppe, 2002, Determination of the elasticity parameters of the human periodontal ligament and the location of the center of resistance of single-rooted teeth, J. Orofac. Orthop., 63, 358, 10.1007/s00056-002-0067-8 Rees, 2001, An investigation into the importance of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone as supporting structures in finite element studies, J. Oral Rehabil., 28, 425, 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00686.x Robins, 1977, Biting loads generated by the laboratory rat, Arch. Oral Biol., 22, 43, 10.1016/0003-9969(77)90138-8 Synge, 1933, The tightness of the teeth, considered as a problem concerning the equilibrium of a thin incompressible elastic membrane, Philos. Trans.: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 231, 435, 10.1098/rsta.1933.0012 Tanaka, 2006, Comparison of dynamic shear properties of the porcine molar and incisor periodontal ligament, Ann. Biomed. Eng., 34, 1917, 10.1007/s10439-006-9209-2 Tesch, 2001, Graded microstructure and mechanical properties of human crown dentin, Calcif. Tissue Int., 69, 147, 10.1007/s00223-001-2012-z Toms, 2002, Nonlinear stress–strain behavior of periodontal ligament under orthodontic loading, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop., 122, 174, 10.1067/mod.2002.124997 Toms, 2002, Quasi-linear viscoelastic behavior of the human periodontal ligament, J. Biomech., 35, 1411, 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00166-5 Wang, 1997, Strain–structure relations in human teeth using Moire fringes, J. Biomech., 31, 135, 10.1016/S0021-9290(97)00131-0 Zaslansky, 2006, Structure and mechanical properties of the soft zone separating bulk dentin and enamel in crowns of human teeth: insight into tooth function, J. Struct. Biol., 153, 188, 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.10.010 Zaslansky, 2006, Relations between shape, materials properties, and function in biological materials using laser speckle interferometry: in situ tooth deformation, Adv. Funct. Mater., 15, 1925, 10.1002/adfm.200600120