Podocyte Regeneration Driven by Renal Progenitors Determines Glomerular Disease Remission and Can Be Pharmacologically Enhanced

Appel, 2009, Recruitment of podocytes from glomerular parietal epithelial cells, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 20, 333, 10.1681/ASN.2008070795 Benigni, 2011, Inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme promotes renal repair by limiting progenitor cell proliferation and restoring the glomerular architecture, Am. J. Pathol., 179, 628, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.003 Berger, 2014, The regenerative potential of parietal epithelial cells in adult mice, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 25, 693, 10.1681/ASN.2013050481 Burger, 2011, Generation of a novel rtTA transgenic mouse to induce time-controlled, tissue-specific alterations in Pax2-expressing cells, Genesis, 49, 797, 10.1002/dvg.20701 Bussolati, 2005, Isolation of renal progenitor cells from adult human kidney, Am. J. Pathol., 166, 545, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62276-6 Chen, 2012, Glomerular basement membrane and related glomerular disease, Transl. Res., 160, 291, 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.03.004 Dressler, 2008, Epigenetics, development, and the kidney, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 19, 2060, 10.1681/ASN.2008010119 Eckardt, 2013, Evolving importance of kidney disease: from subspecialty to global health burden, Lancet, 382, 158, 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60439-0 Fukuda, 2012, Growth-dependent podocyte failure causes glomerulosclerosis, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 23, 1351, 10.1681/ASN.2012030271 Hartman, 2007, Cessation of renal morphogenesis in mice, Dev. Biol., 310, 379, 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.08.021 Ihara, 2010, Regression of superficial glomerular podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic rats with overt albuminuria: effect of angiotensin II blockade, J. Hypertens., 28, 2289, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833dfcda Ikoma, 1990, Mechanism of the unique susceptibility of deep cortical glomeruli of maturing kidneys to severe focal glomerular sclerosis, Pediatr. Res., 28, 270, 10.1203/00006450-199009000-00024 Kazimierczak, 1980, A study of scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy of the glomerular capillaries in developing rat kidney, Cell Tissue Res., 212, 241, 10.1007/BF00233959 2012, KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis, Kidney Int. Suppl., 2, S139 Kriz, 2005, Pathways to nephron loss starting from glomerular diseases-insights from animal models, Kidney Int., 67, 404, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.67097.x Lasagni, 2010, Glomerular epithelial stem cells: the good, the bad, and the ugly, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 21, 1612, 10.1681/ASN.2010010048 Lasagni, 2013, Podocyte mitosis - a catastrophe, Curr. Mol. Med., 13, 13, 10.2174/156652413804486250 Lee, 2011, Adriamycin nephropathy: a model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Nephrology (Carlton), 16, 30, 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2010.01383.x Peired, 2013, Proteinuria impairs podocyte regeneration by sequestering retinoic acid, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 24, 1756, 10.1681/ASN.2012090950 Penning, 2014, Association of preeclampsia with podocyte turnover, Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 9, 1377, 10.2215/CJN.12811213 Pichaiwong, 2013, Reversibility of structural and functional damage in a model of advanced diabetic nephropathy, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 24, 1088, 10.1681/ASN.2012050445 Remuzzi, 2006, Mechanisms of progression and regression of renal lesions of chronic nephropathies and diabetes, J. Clin. Invest., 116, 288, 10.1172/JCI27699 Rizzo, 2013, Nature and mediators of parietal epithelial cell activation in glomerulonephritides of human and rat, Am. J. Pathol., 183, 1769, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.008 Romagnani, 2009, Toward the identification of a “renopoietic system”?, Stem Cells, 27, 2247, 10.1002/stem.140 Romagnani, 2013, Renal progenitors: an evolutionary conserved strategy for kidney regeneration, Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 9, 137, 10.1038/nrneph.2012.290 Romagnani, 2015, The use of lineage tracing to study kidney injury and regeneration, Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 11, 420, 10.1038/nrneph.2015.67 Ronconi, 2009, Regeneration of glomerular podocytes by human renal progenitors, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 20, 322, 10.1681/ASN.2008070709 Ryan, 1995, Repression of Pax-2 by WT1 during normal kidney development, Development, 121, 867, 10.1242/dev.121.3.867 Sagrinati, 2006, Isolation and characterization of multipotent progenitor cells from the Bowman’s capsule of adult human kidneys, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 17, 2443, 10.1681/ASN.2006010089 Schieppati, 2005, Chronic renal diseases as a public health problem: epidemiology, social, and economic implications, Kidney Int. Suppl., 98, S7, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09801.x Shankland, 2014, The emergence of the glomerular parietal epithelial cell, Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 10, 158, 10.1038/nrneph.2014.1 Short, 2014, Global quantification of tissue dynamics in the developing mouse kidney, Dev. Cell, 29, 188, 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.02.017 Smeets, 2009, Renal progenitor cells contribute to hyperplastic lesions of podocytopathies and crescentic glomerulonephritis, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 20, 2593, 10.1681/ASN.2009020132 Song, 2014, Change in renal parenchymal volume in living kidney transplant donors, Int. Urol. Nephrol., 46, 743, 10.1007/s11255-013-0592-y Tallman, 2000, Clinical description of 44 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia who developed the retinoic acid syndrome, Blood, 95, 90 Wanner, 2014, Unraveling the role of podocyte turnover in glomerular aging and injury, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 25, 707, 10.1681/ASN.2013050452 Wiggins, 2007, The spectrum of podocytopathies: a unifying view of glomerular diseases, Kidney Int., 71, 1205, 10.1038/sj.ki.5002222 Ye, 2011, Proliferative capacity of stem/progenitor-like cells in the kidney may associate with the outcome of patients with acute tubular necrosis, Hum. Pathol., 42, 1132, 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.11.005