Non-suicidal Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescent Inpatients

Stewart JG, Esposito EC, Glenn CR et al (2017) Adolescent self-injurers: comparing non-ideators, suicide ideators, and suicide attempters. J Psychiatr Res 84:105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.031 Brown RC, Plener PL (2017) Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 19:20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0767-9 Cipriano A, Cella S, Cotrufo P (2017) Nonsuicidal self-injury: a systematic review. Front Psychol 8:1946. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946 Hawton K, Saunders KEA, O’Connor RC (2012) Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. Lancet Lond Engl 379:2373–2382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60322-5 Plener PL, Schumacher TS, Munz LM, Groschwitz RC (2015) The longitudinal course of non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm: a systematic review of the literature. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregulation 2:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-014-0024-3 Klonsky ED (2011) Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychol Med 41:1981–1986. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710002497 Moran P, Coffey C, Romaniuk H et al (2012) The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Lond Engl 379:236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61141-0 Giletta M, Scholte RHJ, Engels RCME et al (2012) Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: a cross-national study of community samples from Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. Psychiatry Res 197:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.02.009 Muehlenkamp JJ, Claes L, Havertape L, Plener PL (2012) International prevalence of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 6:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-10 Gillies D, Christou MA, Dixon AC et al (2018) Prevalence and characteristics of self-harm in adolescents: meta-analyses of community-based studies 1990–2015. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 57:733–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.018 Guvendeger Doksat N, Zahmacioglu O, Ciftci Demirci A et al (2017) Association of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors with substance use and family characteristics among children and adolescents seeking treatment for substance use disorder. Subst Use Misuse 52:604–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1245745 Thomassin K, Shaffer A, Madden A, Londino DL (2016) Specificity of childhood maltreatment and emotion deficit in nonsuicidal self-injury in an inpatient sample of youth. Psychiatry Res 244:103–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.050 Hauber K, Boon A, Vermeiren R (2019) Non-suicidal self-injury in clinical practice. Front Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00502 Nock MK, Prinstein MJ (2004) A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. J Consult Clin Psychol 72:885–890. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.885 Yen S, Kuehn K, Melvin C et al (2016) Predicting persistence of non-suicidal self-injury in suicidal adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 46:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12167 Adrian M, Zeman J, Erdley C et al (2019) Trajectories of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent girls following inpatient hospitalization. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 24:831–846. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104519839732 Pollak OH, D’Angelo EJ, Cha CB (2020) Does function predict persistence? Nonsuicidal self-injury among adolescents during and after hospitalization. Psychiatry Res 286:112839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112839 Berona J, Horwitz AG, Czyz EK, King CA (2017) Psychopathology profiles of acutely suicidal adolescents: Associations with post-discharge suicide attempts and rehospitalization. J Affect Disord 209:97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.036 van Alphen NR, Stewart JG, Esposito EC et al (2017) Predictors of rehospitalization for depressed adolescents admitted to acute psychiatric treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 78:592–598. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10326 Nock MK, Joiner TE, Gordon KH et al (2006) Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Res 144:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2006.05.010 Preyde M, Vanderkooy J, Chevalier P et al (2014) The psychosocial characteristics associated with NSSI and suicide attempt of youth admitted to an in-patient psychiatric unit. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 23:100–110 Isohookana R, Riala K, Hakko H, Räsänen P (2013) Adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behavior of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 22:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-012-0311-8 Olfson M, Wall M, Wang S et al (2018) Suicide after deliberate self-harm in adolescents and young adults. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3517 Weismoore JT, Esposito-Smythers C (2010) The role of cognitive distortion in the relationship between abuse, assault, and non-suicidal self-injury. J Youth Adolesc 39:281–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9452-6 Schwartz-Lifshitz M, Ben-Dor DH, Bustan Y et al (2021) Phenotypic characterization of youth admitted to acute psychiatric inpatient unit following self-harm behavior. Arch Suicide Res. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1865223 Glenn CR, Lanzillo EC, Esposito EC et al (2017) Examining the course of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in outpatient and inpatient adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45:971–983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0214-0 Auerbach RP, Kim JC, Chango JM et al (2014) Adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: examining the role of child abuse, comorbidity, and disinhibition. Psychiatry Res 220:579–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.027 Alasaarela L, Hakko H, Riala K, Riipinen P (2017) Association of self-reported impulsivity to nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidality, and mortality in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis 205:340–345. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000655 Bresin K, Schoenleber M (2015) Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 38:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.009 Victor SE, Muehlenkamp JJ, Hayes NA et al (2018) Characterizing gender differences in nonsuicidal self-injury: evidence from a large clinical sample of adolescents and adults. Compr Psychiatry 82:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.01.009 Zambrowicz R, Stewart JG, Cosby E et al (2019) Inpatient psychiatric care outcomes for adolescents: a test of clinical and psychosocial moderators. Evid-Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health 4:357–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2019.1685419 Sheehan DV, Sheehan KH, Shytle RD et al (2010) Reliability and validity of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). J Clin Psychiatry 71:313–326. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05305whi Nock MK, Holmberg EB, Photos VI, Michel BD (2007) Self-Injurious thoughts and behaviors interview: development, reliability, and validity in an adolescent sample. Psychol Assess 19:309–317. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.3.309 Venta A, Sharp C (2014) Attachment organization in suicide prevention research: preliminary findings and future directions in a sample of inpatient adolescents. Crisis 35:60–66. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000231 Bernstein DP, Fink L (1998) Childhood trauma questionnaire: a retrospective self-report manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD et al (2003) Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 27:169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00541-0 R Core Team (2020) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ Devleesschauwer B, Togerson P, Charlier J et al. (2014) Prevalence: tools for prevalence assessment studies. R Package Version 0.40 Brown RC, Heines S, Witt A et al (2018) The impact of child maltreatment on non-suicidal self-injury: data from a representative sample of the general population. BMC Psychiatry 18:181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1754-3 Grandclerc S, De Labrouhe D, Spodenkiewicz M et al (2016) Relations between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior in adolescence: a systematic review. PLoS ONE 11:e0153760. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153760 Jacobson CM, Muehlenkamp JJ, Miller AL, Turner JB (2008) Psychiatric impairment among adolescents engaging in different types of deliberate self-harm. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 37:363–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410801955771 Sellers CM, Díaz-Valdés A, Porter AC et al (2021) Nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among high-risk adolescents prior to psychiatric hospitalization. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-021-00830-z Groschwitz RC, Plener PL, Kaess M et al (2015) The situation of former adolescent self-injurers as young adults: a follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry 15:160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0555-1 Nock MK (2009) Why do people hurt themselves? New insights into the nature and functions of self-injury. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 18:78–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01613.x Klonsky ED (2007) The functions of deliberate self-injury: a review of the evidence. Clin Psychol Rev 27:226–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002 Taylor PJ, Jomar K, Dhingra K et al (2018) A meta-analysis of the prevalence of different functions of non-suicidal self-injury. J Affect Disord 227:759–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.073 Hooley JM, Franklin JC (2018) Why do people hurt themselves? A new conceptual model of nonsuicidal self-injury. Clin Psychol Sci 6:428–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617745641 Kim KL, Galione J, Schettini E et al (2020) Do styles of emotion dysregulation differentiate adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury from those attempting suicide? Psychiatry Res 291:113240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113240 Gordon KH, Selby EA, Anestis MD et al (2010) The reinforcing properties of repeated deliberate self-harm. Arch Suicide Res Off J Int Acad Suicide Res 14:329–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2010.524059 Kiekens G, Hasking P, Bruffaerts R et al (2017) What predicts ongoing nonsuicidal self-injury?: A comparison between persistent and ceased self-injury in emerging adults. J Nerv Ment Dis 205:762–770. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000726 Chesin MS, Galfavy H, Sonmez CC et al (2017) Nonsuicidal self-injury Is predictive of suicide attempts among individuals with mood disorders. Suicide Life Threat Behav 47:567–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12331 Liu RT, Cheek SM, Nestor BA (2016) Non-suicidal self-injury and life stress: a systematic meta-analysis and theoretical elaboration. Clin Psychol Rev 47:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.005 Blakemore S-J, Mills KL (2014) Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annu Rev Psychol 65:187–207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115202 Albert D, Chein J, Steinberg L (2013) Peer influences on adolescent decision making. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 22:114–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412471347 Knoll LJ, Magis-Weinberg L, Speekenbrink M, Blakemore S-J (2015) Social influence on risk perception during adolescence. Psychol Sci 26:583–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615569578 Mills KL, Lalonde F, Clasen LS et al (2014) Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 9:123–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss113 Beeson CML, Brittain H, Vaillancourt T (2020) The temporal precedence of peer rejection, rejection sensitivity, depression, and aggression across adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 51:781–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01008-2 Miller AB, Linthicum KP, Helms SW et al (2018) Reciprocal associations between adolescent girls’ chronic interpersonal stress and nonsuicidal self-injury: a multi-wave prospective investigation. J Adolesc Health 63:694–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.06.033 Guerry JD, Prinstein MJ (2010) Longitudinal prediction of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: examination of a cognitive vulnerability-stress model. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 53 39:77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410903401195 Esposito C, Bacchini D, Affuso G (2019) Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and its relationships with school bullying and peer rejection. Psychiatry Res 274:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.018 Santini ZI, Pisinger VSC, Nielsen L et al (2021) Social disconnectedness, loneliness, and mental health among adolescents in Danish high schools: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Behav Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.632906 Kim KL, Cushman GK, Weissman AB et al (2015) Behavioral and emotional responses to interpersonal stress: a comparison of adolescents engaged in non-suicidal self-injury to adolescent suicide attempters. Psychiatry Res 228:899–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.001 Preyde M, Parekh S, Heintzman J (2018) Youths’ experiences of school re-integration following psychiatric hospitalization. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:22–32 Ferrara M, Terrinoni A, Williams R (2012) Non-suicidal self-injury (Nssi) in adolescent inpatients: assessing personality features and attitude toward death. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 6:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-12 Kiekens G, Hasking P, Bruffaerts R et al (2021) Non-suicidal self-injury among first-year college students and its association with mental disorders: results from the world mental health international college student (WMH-ICS) initiative. Psychol Med. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721002245 Prinstein MJ, Nock MK, Simon V et al (2008) Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts following inpatient hospitalization. J Consult Clin Psychol 76:92–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.92 Beauchaine TP, Neuhaus E, Zalewski M et al (2011) The effects of allostatic load on neural systems subserving motivation, mood regulation, and social affiliation. Dev Psychopathol 23:975–999. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000459 Maniglio R (2011) The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury. Acta Psychiatr Scand 124:30–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x McEwen BS, Stellar E (1993) Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Intern Med 153:2093–2101 Juster R-P, Russell JJ, Almeida D, Picard M (2016) Allostatic load and comorbidities: a mitochondrial, epigenetic, and evolutionary perspective. Dev Psychopathol 28:1117–1146. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000730 Bearman SK, Weisz JR (2015) Review: comprehensive treatments for youth comorbidity—evidence-guided approaches to a complicated problem. Child Adolesc Ment Health 20:131–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12092 Burke TA, Hamilton JL, Abramson LY, Alloy LB (2015) Non-suicidal self-injury prospectively predicts interpersonal stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Psychiatry Res 228:416–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.021 Ammerman BA, Burke TA, Alloy LB, McCloskey MS (2016) Subjective pain during NSSI as an active agent in suicide risk. Psychiatry Res 236:80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.028 Teicher MH, Samson JA (2013) Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: a case for ecophenotypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. Am J Psychiatry 170:1114–1133. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070957 Serafini G, Canepa G, Adavastro G et al (2017) The relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 8:149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00149 Klonsky DE, Moyer A (2008) Childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 192:166–170. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.030650 Glenn CR, Esposito EC, Porter AC, Robinson DJ (2019) Evidence base update of psychosocial treatments for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in youth. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 53 48:357–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2019.1591281 Turniansky H, Ben-Dor D, Krivoy A et al (2019) A history of prolonged childhood sexual abuse is associated with more severe clinical presentation of borderline personality disorder in adolescent female inpatients—a naturalistic study. Child Abuse Negl 98:104222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104222 Slesinger NC, Hayes NA, Washburn JJ (2021) Understanding predictors of change in a day treatment setting for non-suicidal self-injury. Psychol Psychother 94(Suppl 2):517–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12295 Andover MS, Schatten HT, Holman CS, Miller IW (2020) Moderators of treatment response to an intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury in young adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 88:1032–1038. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000603 Fox KR, Choukas-Bradley S, Salk RH et al (2020) Mental health among sexual and gender minority adolescents: examining interactions with race and ethnicity. J Consult Clin Psychol 88:402–415. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000486