The effects of type 1 diabetes on cerebral white matter

DCCT (1993) The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 329:977–986 Ryan CM, Geckle MO, Orchard TJ (2003) Cognitive efficiency declines over time in adults with type 1 diabetes: effects of micro- and macrovascular complications. Diabetologia 46:940–948 Brands AM, Biessels GJ, de Haan EH, Kappelle LJ, Kessels RP (2005) The effects of type 1 diabetes on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 28:726–735 Ferguson SC, Blane A, Perros P et al (2003) Cognitive ability and brain structure in type 1 diabetes: relation to microangiopathy and preceding severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes 52:149–156 Ferguson SC, Blane A, Wardlaw J et al (2005) Influence of an early-onset age of type 1 diabetes on cerebral structure and cognitive function. Diabetes Care 28:1431–1437 Brands AM, Kessels RP, Hoogma RP et al (2006) Cognitive performance, psychological well-being, and brain magnetic resonance imaging in older patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 55:1800–1806 Dejgaard A, Gade A, Larsson H, Balle V, Parving A, Parving HH (1991) Evidence for diabetic encephalopathy. Diabet Med 8:162–167 Perros P, Deary IJ, Sellar RJ, Best JJ, Frier BM (1997) Brain abnormalities demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging in adult IDDM patients with and without a history of recurrent severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care 20:1013–1018 Lunetta M, Damanti AR, Fabbri G, Lombardo M, Di Mauro M, Mughini L (1994) Evidence by magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral alterations of atrophy type in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients. J Endocrinol Invest 17:241–245 Lobnig BM, Kromeke O, Optenhostert-Porst C, Wolf OT (2006) Hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in long-standing Type 1 diabetic patients without macrovascular complications. Diabet Med 23:32–39 Yousem DM, Tasman WS, Grossman RI (1991) Proliferative retinopathy: absence of white matter lesions at MR imaging. Radiology 179:229–230 Musen G, Lyoo IK, Sparks CR et al (2006) Effects of type 1 diabetes on gray matter density as measured by voxel-based morphometry. Diabetes 55:326–333 Dager SR Friedman SD, Parow A, Demopulos C et al (2004) Brain metabolic alterations in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:450–458 Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, Hurtig HI, Zimmerman RA (1987) MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer’s dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 149:351–356 Bae SC, Lyoo IK, Sung YH et al (2006) Increased white matter hyperintensities in male methamphetamine abusers. Drug Alcohol Dependence 81:83–88 Lyoo IK, Streeter CC, Ahn KH et al (2004) White matter hyperintensities in subjects with cocaine and opiate dependence and healthy comparison subjects. Psychiatry Res 131:135–145 Wechsler D (1999) Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX Wechsler D (1997) WAIS-III Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edn. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH (2001) The Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System: examiner’s manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX Wechsler D (1997) Wechsler Memory Scale, 3rd edn. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX Matthews CG, Klove H (1964) Instruction manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. University of Madison Medical School, Madison, WI Krolewski AS, Laffel LM, Krolewski M, Quinn M, Warram JH (1995) Glycosylated hemoglobin and the risk of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 332:1251–1255 Oldfield R (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97–113 Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB (1992) The structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). I: History, rationale and description. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:624–629 Williams JB, Gibbon M, First MB et al (1992) The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). II. Multisite test–retest reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:630–636 Hamilton M (2000) Handbook of psychiatric measures. The American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC Derogatis LR (1994) SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90-R. Administration, scoring and procedures manual. National Computer Systems, Minneapolis, MN CCT (1996) Effects of intensive diabetes therapy on neuropsychological function in adults in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ann Intern Med 124:379–388 Fazekas F (1989) Magnetic resonance signal abnormalities in asymptomatic individuals: their incidence and functional correlates. Eur Neurol 29:164–168 Fazekas F, Niederkorn K, Schmidt R et al (1988) White matter signal abnormalities in normal individuals: correlation with carotid ultrasonography, cerebral blood flow measurements, and cerebrovascular risk factors. Stroke 19:1285–1288 Silverstone T, McPherson H, Li Q, Doyle T (2003) Deep white matter hyperintensities in patients with bipolar depression, unipolar depression and age-matched control subjects. Bipolar Disord 5:53–57 Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H et al (1993) Neuropsychologic correlates of MRI white matter hyperintensities: a study of 150 normal volunteers. Neurology 43:2490–2494 Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H et al (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in hypertensive individuals. Arch Neurol 48:417–420 Moore PB, Shepherd DJ, Eccleston D et al (2001) Cerebral white matter lesions in bipolar affective disorder: relationship to outcome. Br J Psychiatry 178:172–176 Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Offenbacher H et al (1993) Pathologic correlates of incidental MRI white matter signal hyperintensities. Neurology 43:1683–1689 Thomas AJ, O’Brien JT, Barber R, McMeekin W, Perry R (2003) A neuropathological study of periventricular white matter hyperintensities in major depression. J Affect Disord 76:49–54 Jorm AF, Anstey KJ, Christensen H et al (2005) MRI hyperintensities and depressive symptoms in a community sample of individuals 60–64 years old. Am J Psychiatry 162:699–705 Murray AD, Staff RT, Shenkin SD, Deary IJ, Starr JM, Whalley LJ (2005) Brain white matter hyperintensities: relative importance of vascular risk factors in nondemented elderly people. Radiology 237:251–257 Novak V, Last D, Alsop DC et al (2006) Cerebral blood flow velocity and periventricular white matter hyperintensities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 29:1529–1534 Yetkin FZ, Fischer ME, Papke RA, Haughton VM (1993) Focal hyperintensities in cerebral white matter on MR images of asymptomatic volunteers: correlation with social and medical histories. AJR Am J Roentgenol 161:855–858