Effect of chamber pressure on spreading and splashing of liquid drops upon impact on a dry smooth stationary surface
Tóm tắt
Liquid drop impacts on a smooth surface were studied at elevated chamber pressures to characterize the effect of gas pressure on drop spreading and splashing. Five common liquids were tested at impact speeds between 1.0 and 3.5 m/s and pressure up to 12 bars. Based on experiments at atmospheric pressure, a modification to the “free spreading” model (Scheller and Bousfield in AIChE Paper 41(6):1357–1367, 1995) has been proposed that improves the prediction accuracy of maximum spread factors from an error of 15–5%. At high chamber pressures, drop spreading and maximum spread factor were found to be independent of pressure. The splash ratio (Xu et al. in Phys Rev Lett 94:184505, 2005) showed a non-constant behavior, and a power-law model was demonstrated to predict the increase in splash ratio with decreasing impact speed in the low impact speed regime. Also, drop shape was found to affect splash promotion or suppression for an asymmetry greater than 7–8% of the equivalent drop diameter. The observations of the current work could be especially useful for the study of formation of deposits and wall combustion in engine cylinders.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Asai A, Shioya M, Hirasawa S, Okazaki T (1993) Impact of an ink drop on paper. J Imag Sci Tech 31(2):205–207
Bang BH, Yoon SS, Kim HY, Heister SD, Park H, James SC (2011) Assessment of gas and liquid velocities induced by an impacting liquid drop. Int J Multiph Flow 37:55–66
Bennett T, Poulikakos D (1993) Splat-quench solidification: estimating the maximum spreading of a droplet impacting a solid surface. J Mater Sci 28:963–970
Biance AL, Clanet C, Quere D (2004) First steps in the spreading of a liquid droplet. Phys Rev E 69:016301
Chandra S, Avedisian CT (1991) On the collision of a droplet with a solid surface. Proc R Soc Lond 432:13–41
Dechoz J, Roze C (2004) Surface tension measurement of fuels and alkanes at high pressure under different atmospheres. Appl Surf Sci 229:175–182
Dittmar D, Fredenhagen A, Oei SB, Eggers R (2003) Interfacial tensions of ethanol-carbon dioxide and ethanol-nitrogen. Dependence of the interfacial tension on the fluid density—prerequisites and physical reasoning. Chem Eng Sci 58:1223–1233
Engel OG (1955) Water drop collisions with solid surfaces. J Res Natl Bur Std 54(5):281–298
Fukai J, Shiiba Y, Yamamoto T, Miyatake O, Poulikakos D, Megaridis CM, Zhao Z (1995) Wetting effects on the spreading of a liquid droplet colliding with a flat surface: experiment and modeling. Phys Fluids 7(2):236–247
Hsieh WD, Lu JH, Chen RH, Lin TH (2009) Deposit formation characteristics of a gasoline spray in a stagnation-point flame. Comb Flam 156(10):1909–1916
Jepsen RA, Yoon SS, Demosthenous B (2006) Effects of air on splashing of a large droplet impact: experimental and numerical investigations Atom. Spray 16(8):981–996
Levin Z, Hobbs PV (1971) Splashing of water drops on solid and wetted surfaces: hydrodynamics and charge separation. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 269(1200):222–585
Liu J, Vu H, Yoon SS, Jepsen R, Aguilar G (2010) Splashing phenomena during liquid droplet impact. At Spray 20(4):297–310
Mandre S, Mani M, Brenner MP (2009) Precursors to splashing of liquid droplets on a solid surface. Phys Rev Lett 102:134501–134504
Mani M, Mandre S, Brenner MP (2010) Events before droplet splashing on a solid surface. J Fluid Mech 647:163–185
Mundo CHR, Sommerfeld M, Tropea C (1995) Droplet-wall collisions: experimental studies of the deformation and break-up process. Int J Multi Flow 21(2):151–173
Pasandideh-Fard M, Qiao YM, Mostaghimi J (1996) Capillary effects during droplet impact on a solid surface. Phys Fluids 8(3):650–659
Purvis R, Smith FT (2004) Air-water interactions near droplet impact Euro. J Appl Math 15:853–871
Range K, Feuillebois F (1998) Influence of surface roughness on a liquid drop impact. J Colloid Inter Sci 203:16–30
Rein M, Deplanque JP (2008) The role of air entrainment on the outcome of a drop impact on a solid surface. Acta Mech 20:105–118
Rioboo R, Marengo M, Tropea C (2002) Outcomes from a drop impact on solid surfaces. Exp Fluids 33:112–124
Scheller BL, Bousfield DW (1995) Newtonian drop impact with a solid surface. AIChE paper 41(6):1357–1367
Sikalo S, Marengo M, Tropea C, Ganic EN (2002) Analysis of impact of droplets on horizontal surfaces. Exp Ther Fluid Sci 25:503–510
Stow CD, Hadfield MG (1981) An Expreimental investigation of fluid flow resulting from the impact of a water drop with an unyielding dry surface. Proc R Soc Lond 373(1755):419–441
Vander Wal RL, Berger GM, Mozes SD (2006) The splash/non-splash boundary upon a dry surface and thin fluid film. Exp Fluid 40:53–59
Xu L (2007) Liquid splashing on smooth, rough and textured surfaces. Phys Rev Am Phys Soc E 75:056316
Xu L, Zhang WW, Nagel SR (2005) Drop splashing on a dry smooth surface. Phys Rev Lett 94:184505
Zhang X, Basaran OA (1997) Dynamic surface tension effects in impact of a drop with a solid surface. J Colloid Inter Sci 187:166–178
Zhao Z, Poulikakos D, Fukai J (1996) Heat transfer and fluid dynamics during the collision of a droplet on a substrate—II. Experiments. Int J Heat Mass Trans 39(13):2791–2802