Translational diffusion of rubrene and tetracene in polyisobutylene
Tóm tắt
The translational diffusion coefficients of rubrene and tetracene in amorphous polyisobutylene (PIB) were measured using the holographic fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. Over the temperature range from 400 to 235 K (T
g
=205 K), tracer diffusion coefficients from 10−7 to 10−14 cm2/s were observed. These diffusion coefficients have essentially the same temperature dependence as the rotational correlation times for these two probes in PIB. Both of these observables have a slightly stronger temperature dependence than does the viscosity. These results contrast strongly with the results of similar experiments on polystyrene and polysulfone. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that local segmental dynamics are more spatially homogeneous in PIB than in polystyrene and polysulfone.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Angell CA (1991) Relaxation in liquids, polymers, and plastic crystals — strong/fragile patterns and problems. J NonCryst Solids 131–133:13–31
Amould D, Laurence RL (1992) Size effects on solvent diffusion in polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 31:218–228
Bandis A, Inglefield PT, Jones AA, Wen WY (1995) A nuclear magnetic resonance study of dynamics in toluene-polyisobutylene solutions: 1. Penetrant diffusion and Fujita theory. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 33:1495–1503
Blackburn FR, Wang C-Y, Ediger MD (1996) Translational and rotational motion of probes in supercooled 1,3,5-tris (naphthyl)benzene. J Phys Chem 100:18249–18257
Chang I, Fujara F, Geil B, Heuberger G, Mangel T, Sillescu H (1994) Translation and rotational molecular motion in supercooled liquids studied by NMR and forced Rayleigh scattering. J Non-Cryst Solids 172–174:248–255
Chen SP, Ferry JD (1968) The diffusion of radioactively tagged n-hexadecane and ndodecane through rubbery polymers. Effects of temperature, cross-linking, and chemical structure. Macromolecules 1:270–278
Cicerone MT, Blackburn FR, Ediger MD (1995) Anomalous diffusion of probe molecules in polystyrene: Evidence for spatially heterogeneous segmental dynamics. Macromolecules 28:8224–8232
Cicerone MT, Ediger MD (1996) Enhanced translational of probe molecules in supercooled o-terphenyl: Signature of spatially heterogeneous dynamics? J Chem Phys 104:7210–7218
Colucci DM, McKenna GB (preprint) Fragility of polymeric liquids: Correlations between thermodynamic and dynamic properties. MRS Symp Proc (submitted)
Deppe DD, Dhinojwala A, Torkelson JM (1996) Small molecule probe diffusion in thin polymer films near the glass transition: A novel approach using fluorescence nonradiative energy transfer. Macromolecules 29:3898–3908
Ediger MD, Inoue T, Cicerone MT, Blackburn FR (1996) Probe rotation near and below the glass transition temperature: Relationship to viscoelasticity and physical aging. Macromol Symp 101:139–146
Ehlich D, Sillescu H (1990) Tracer diffusion at the glass transition. Macromolecules 23:1600–1610
Ferry JD (1980) Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers. Third edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York
Ferry JD (1991) Some reflections on the early development of polymer dynamics: Viscoelasticity, dielectric dispersion, and self-diffusion. Macromolecules 24:5237–5245
Fitzgerald DR, Grandine LD, Ferry JD (1953) Dynamic mechanical properties of polyisobutylene. J Appl Phys 24:650–655
Grun F (1949) Measurement of diffusion in rubber. Rubber Chem and Tech 22:316–319
Heuer A, Wilhelm M, Zimmermann H, Spiess HW (1995) Rate memory of structural relaxation in glasses and its detection by multidimensional NMR. Phys Rev Lett 75:2851–2854
Hooker JC, Torkelson JM (1995) Coupling of probe reorientation dynamics and rotor motions to polymer relaxation as sensed by second harmonic generation and fluorescence. Macromolecules 28:7683–7692
Hwang Y, Ediger MD (1996) Enhanced translational diffusion of rubrene and tetracene in polysulfone. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 34:2853–2861
Inoue T, Cicerone MT, Ediger MD (1995) Molecular motions and viscoelasticity of amorphous polymers near T g . Macromolecules 28:3425–3433
Kell RM, Bennett B, Stickney PB (1958) Melting and glass transition in polyisobutylene. Rubber Chem and Tech 31:499–504
Kim H, Waldow DA, Han CA, Tran-Cong Q, Yamamoto M (1991) Temperature dependence of probe diffusion in bulk polymer matrices. Polymer Comm 32:108–112
Li K-L, Jones AA, Inglefield PT, English AD (1989) Domain size of dynamic heterogeneities just above the glass transition in an amorphous polycarbonate. Macromolecules 22:4198–4204
Plazek DJ, Zheng XD, Ngai KL (1992) Viscoelastic properties of amorphous polymers. 1. Different temperature dependences of segmental relaxation and terminal dispersion. Macromolecules 25:4920–4924
Robertson RE (1979) Effect of free volume fluctuations on polymer relaxation in the glassy state. II. Calculated results. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 17:597–613
Stillinger FH, Hodgdon JA (1994) Translation-rotation paradox for diffusion in fragile glass-forming liquids. Phys Rev E 50:2064–2068
Tarjus G, Kivelson D (1995) Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled liquids. J Chem Phys 103:3071–3073
Vrentas JS, Duda JL (1977) Diffusion in polymer-solvent systems. I. Re-examination of the free-volume theory. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 15:403–416
Vrentas JS, Duda JL, Ling H-C (1985) Freevolume theories for self-diffusion in polymer-solvent systems. I. Conceptual differences in theories. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 23:275–288
Wong C-P, Schrag JL, Ferry JD (1970) Diffusion of radioactively tagged, 1,1-diphenylethane and n-hexadecane through rubbery polymers: Dependence on temperature and dilution with solvent. J Polym Sci: Part A-2 8:991–998
Xia J, Wang CH (1995) Holographic grating relaxation studies of probe diffusion in amorphous polymers. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 33:899–908
Zielinski JM, Heuberger G, Sillescu H, Weisner U, Heuer A, Zhang Y, Spiess HW (1995) Diffusion of tracer molecules within symmetric diblock copolymers. Macromolecules 28:8287–8294
Zielinski JM, Sillescu H, Romdhane IH (1996) 1,3,5-Triisopropylbenzene diffusion in polystyrene solutions. J Polym Sci: Polym Phys Ed 34:121–130