Paleoclimatic changes on the southern Tibetan Plateau over the past 19,000 years recorded in Lake Pumoyum Co, and their implications for the southwest monsoon evolution

Alley, 1993, Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas event, Nature, 362, 527, 10.1038/362527a0 Alley, 1997, Holocene climatic instability: a prominent, widespread event 8200yr ago, Geology, 25, 483, 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0483:HCIAPW>2.3.CO;2 Ashirt, 2001, ENSO–monsoon relationships in a greenhouse warming scenario, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1727, 10.1029/2000GL012489 Ben, 1993, The role of the Indian summer monsoon and the mid-latitude westerlies in Himalayan glaciation: review and speculative discussion, J. Geol. Soc., 155, 353, 10.1144/gsjgs.155.2.0353 Berger, 1991, Insolation values for the climate of the last 10million years, Quat. Sci. Rev., 10, 297, 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-Q Bernasconi, 2007, Lake sediments, 351, 10.1016/B0-444-52747-8/00384-7 Bond, 1992, Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic ocean during the last glacial period, Nature, 360, 245, 10.1038/360245a0 Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Xizang Autonomous Region, 1993, 142 Chauhan, 2003, Past 20,000-year history of Himalayan aridity: evidence from oxygen isotope records in the Bay of Bengal, Curr. Sci., 84, 90 COHMAP Members, 1988, Climatic changes of the last 18,000years: observations and model simulations, Science, 241, 1043, 10.1126/science.241.4869.1043 Cour, 1999, Vegetational and climatic significance of modern pollen rain in northwestern Tibet, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 104, 183, 10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00062-1 Dansgaard, 1989, The abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas climate event, Nature, 339, 532, 10.1038/339532a0 Dean, 1976, Major chemical and mineral components of profundal surface sediments in Minnesota lakes, Limnol. Oceanol., 21, 259, 10.4319/lo.1976.21.2.0259 deMenocal, 2000, Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing, Quat. Sci. Rev., 19, 347, 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00081-5 Du, 2004, Mutual influence between human activities and climate change in the Tibetan Plateau during recent years, Glob. Planet. Chang., 41, 241, 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.01.010 Dykoski, 2005, A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 233, 71, 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.036 El-Monslimany, 1990, Ecological significance of common nonarboreal pollen: example from drylands of the Middle East, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 64, 343, 10.1016/0034-6667(90)90150-H Fleitmann, 2003, Holocene forcing of the Indian monsoon in a stalagmite from Southern Oman, Science, 300, 1737, 10.1126/science.1083130 Flohn, 1981, The elevated heat source of the Tibetan highlands and its role for the large scale atmospheric circulation, vol. 2, 1463 Fontes, 1993, Stable isotope and radiocarbon balances of two Tibetan lakes (Sumxi Co, Longmu Co) from 13,000BP, Quat. Sci. Rev., 12, 875, 10.1016/0277-3791(93)90026-I Fontes, 1996, Holocene environmental changes in Lake Bangong basin (Western Tibet). Part 1: chronology and stable isotopes of carbonates of a Holocene lacustrine core, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 120, 25, 10.1016/0031-0182(95)00032-1 Fu, 2003, Potential impacts of human-induced land cover change on East Asia monsoon, Glob. Planet. Chang., 37, 219 Fujii, 1980, Studies on the permafrost in Khumbu Himal and Mukut Himal, in Nepal Himalayas, Seppyo, 42, 81 Ganopolski, 1998, The influence of vegetation–atmosphere–ocean interaction on climate during the mid-Holocene, Science, 280, 1916, 10.1126/science.280.5371.1916 Gasse, 1991, A 13,000-year climate record from western Tibet, Nature, 353, 742, 10.1038/353742a0 Gasse, 1996, Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (Western Tibet). Part 4: discussion and conclusions, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 120, 79, 10.1016/0031-0182(95)00035-6 Gorbunov, 1978, Permafrost in the mountains of central Asia, 372 Grootes, 1993, Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores, Nature, 366, 552, 10.1038/366552a0 Gu, 1993, The changes in monsoon influence in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the past 12,000years. Geochemical evidence from the Lake Seling sediments, Chin. Sci. Bull., 38, 61 Guan, 1984, 162 Gupta, 2003, Abrupt change in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 421, 354, 10.1038/nature01340 Gupta, 2005, Impact of deforestation on Indian monsoon—a GCM sensitivity study, J. Indian Geophys. Union, 9, 97 Gupta, 2006, Adaptation and human migration, and evidence of agriculture coincident with changes in the Indian summer monsoon during the Holocene, Curr. Sci., 90, 1082 Hagelberg, 1994, Milankovitch band forcing of sub-Milankovitch climate variability during the Pleistocene, Paleooceanography, 9, 545, 10.1029/94PA00443 Hahn, 1975, The role of mountains in the South Asia monsoon, J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1515, 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1515:TROMIT>2.0.CO;2 Harned, 1941, The ionization constant of HCO3− from 0° to 50°C, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 65, 2030, 10.1021/ja01250a059 Haug, 2001, Southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone through the Holocene, Science, 193, 1304, 10.1126/science.1059725 He, 2004, Asynchronous Holocene climatic change across China, Quat. Res., 61, 52, 10.1016/j.yqres.2003.08.004 Herzschuh, 2006, Palaeo-moisture evolution at the margins of the Asian monsoon during the last 50ka, Quat. Sci. Rev., 25, 163, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.02.006 Herzschuh, 2006, Temperature variability and vertical vegetation belt shifts during the last 50,000yr in the Qilian Mountains (NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China), Quat. Res., 66, 133, 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.001 Herzschuh, 2006, A general cooling trend on the central Tibetan Plateau throughout the Holecene recorded by the Lake Zigetan pollen spectra, Quat. Int., 154–155, 113, 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.005 Herzschuh, 2009, Quantitative climate and vegetation trends since the Late Glacial on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau deduced from Koucha Lake pollen spectra, Quat. Res., 71, 162, 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.09.003 Hodell, 1999, Paleoclimate of southwestern China for the past 50,000yr inferred from lake sediment records, Quat. Res., 52, 369, 10.1006/qres.1999.2072 Horowitz, 1992, 546 Hong, 2003, Correlation between Indian Ocean summer monsoon and North Atlantic climate during the Holocene, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 211, 371, 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00207-3 Hu, 2000, Intensified Asian summer monsoon and its variability in a coupled model forced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2681, 10.1029/2000GL011550 Hughes, 1994, Was there a “Medieval Warm Period”, and if so, where and when?, Clim. Chang., 26, 109, 10.1007/BF01092410 IPCC, 2001, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis, 881 Jacobson, 1974, Dissociation constants of calcite and CaHCO3+ from 0°–50°C, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 38, 301, 10.1016/0016-7037(74)90112-4 Ji, 2005, Asian monsoon oscillations in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau since the Late Glacial as interpreted from visible reflectance of Qinghai Lake sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 233, 61, 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.025 Jin, 2009, Early to Mid-Pleistocene ostracod δ18O and δ13C in the central Tibetan Plateau: implication for Indian monsoon change, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 280, 406, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.028 Jung, 2004, Stepwise Holocene aridification in NE Africa deduced from dust-borne radiogenic isotope records, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 221, 27, 10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00095-0 Kaiser, 2006, Relief, soil and lost forests: Late Holocene environmental changes in southern Tibet under human impact, Z. Geomorphol. Suppl., 142, 149 Kaiser, 2009, Strartigraphy and palaeoenvironmental implications of Pleistocene and Holocene eolian sediments in the Lhasa area, southern Tibet (China), Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 271, 329, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.11.004 Kaiser, 2009, Charcoal and fossil wood from paleosols, sediments and artificial structures indicating Late Holocene woodland decline in southern Tibet (China), Quat. Sci. Rev., 28, 1539, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.016 Kashiwaya, 1995, Changes in hydrological conditions in the central Qing-Zan (Tibet) Plateau inferred from lake bottom sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 125, 31, 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00136-Z Keeley, 1992, Carbon: freshwater plants, Plant Cell Environ., 15, 1021, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01653.x Keigwin, 1996, The Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period in the Sargasso Sea, Science, 274, 1504, 10.1126/science.274.5292.1504 Kelts, 1978, Freshwater carbonate sedimentation, 295 Kramer, 2010, Late Glacial vegetation and climate oscillations on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from the Lake Naleng pollen profile, Quat. Res., 73, 324, 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.003 Kramer, 2010, Holocene treeline shifts and monsoon variability in the Hengduan Mountains (southeastern Tibetan Plateau), implications from palynological investigations, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 286, 23, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.12.001 Kutzbach, 1996, Vegetation and soil feedbacks on the response of the African monsoon to orbital forcing in the Early to Middle Holocene, Nature, 384, 623, 10.1038/384623a0 Lachniet, 2004, Tropical response to the 8200yr BP cold event? Speleothem isotopes indicate a weakened Early Holocene monsoon in Costa Rica, Geology, 32, 957, 10.1130/G20797.1 Lamb, 1965, The Early Medieval Warm Epoch and its sequel, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 1, 13, 10.1016/0031-0182(65)90004-0 Lehman, 1992, Sudden changes in North Atlantic circulation during the last deglaciation, Nature, 56, 757, 10.1038/356757a0 Lehmkuhl, 2000, Quaternary paleoenvironmental change on the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent area (Western China and Western Mongolia), Quat. Int., 65, 121, 10.1016/S1040-6182(99)00040-3 Lin, 2008, Environmental changes reflected by n-alkanes of lake core in Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau since 8.4ka B.P., Chin. Sci. Bull., 53, 3051 Lister, 1991, Lake Qinghai, China: closed-basin lake levels and the oxygen isotope record for ostracoda since the latest Pleistocene, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 84, 141, 10.1016/0031-0182(91)90041-O Liu, 1998, A pollen record of Holocene climatic changes from the Dunde ice cap, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Geology, 26, 135, 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0135:APROHC>2.3.CO;2 Liu, 2008, Influence of moisture transport on stable isotope in precipitation in Yarlungzanbo River basin, Front. Earth Sci. China, 2, 49, 10.1007/s11707-008-0012-2 Matsunaka, 2012, Study of primary production magnitude under the thermocline (20–25m) and the continuous supporting mechanism of production in Lake Pumoyum Co, Tibetan Plateau, Jpn. J. Limnol., 73, 167, 10.3739/rikusui.73.167 Mazzullo, 1986, The effects of eolian sorting and abrasion upon the shapes of fine quartz sand grains, J. Sediment. Petrol., 56, 45 McIntyre, 1996, Forcing of Atlantic equatorial and subpolar millennial cycles by precession, Science, 274, 1867, 10.1126/science.274.5294.1867 Meehl, 1994, Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon: external conditions versus internal feedbacks, J. Clim., 7, 1033, 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1033:IOTLSI>2.0.CO;2 Minami, 2010, Survey of vascular flora around Lake Pumayum Co, an alpine lake located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau in China, J. Phytogeogr. Taxon., 58, 50 Mischke, 2008, Reduced Early Holocene moisture availability in the Bayan Har Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, inferred from a multi-proxy lake record, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 267, 56, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.06.002 Mischke, 2010, Ostracods and stable isotopes of a Late Glacial and Holocene lake record from the NE Tibetan Plateau, Chem. Geol., 276, 95, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.06.003 Mitamura, 2003, First investigation of ultraoligotrophic alpine Lake PumaYumco in the pre-Himalayas, China, Limnology, 4, 167, 10.1007/s10201-003-0101-6 Morrill, 2004, The influence of Asian summer monsoon variability on the water balance of a Tibetan lake, J. Paleolimnol., 32, 273, 10.1023/B:JOPL.0000042918.18798.cb Morrill, 2006, Holocene variations in the Asian monsoon inferred from the geochemistry of lake sediments in central Tibet, Quat. Res., 65, 232, 10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.014 Murakami, 2007, The second investigation of Lake Puma Yum Co located in the Southern Tibetan Plateau, China, Limnology, 8, 331, 10.1007/s10201-007-0208-2 Murakami, 1986, 10 Naidu, 1995, A 2200years periodicity in the Asian Monsoon System, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2361, 10.1029/95GL02558 Nakamura, 1974, Sedimentological palynology, part-1 subsurface sediments from the western sea-area of Kyushu and Shikoku, Chishitsu-Chosajo Geppou, 25, 209 Opitz, 2012, Late Glacial and Holocene development of Lake Donggi Cona, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau, inferred from sedimentological analysis, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 337–338, 159, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.04.013 Overpeck, 1993, The role and response of continental vegetation in the global climate system, 221 Overpeck, 1996, The southwest Indian Monsoon over the last 18,000years, Clim. Dyn., 12, 213, 10.1007/BF00211619 Reimer, 2004, IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 26–0kyr BP, Radiocarbon, 46, 1029, 10.1017/S0033822200032999 Ren, 2007, Changes in forest cover in China during the Holocene, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 16, 119, 10.1007/s00334-006-0075-5 Rhode, 2007, Yak, yak dung, and prehistoric human habitation of the Tibetan Plateau, 205 Rind, 1986, Impact of cold North Atlantic sea surface temperatures on climate implications for the Younger Dryas cooling (11–10k), Clim. Dyn., 1, 3, 10.1007/BF01277044 Schulz, 1997, SPECTRUM: special analysis of unevenly spaced palaeoclimatic time series, Comput. Geosci., 23, 929, 10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00087-3 Shakun, 2007, A high-resolution, absolute-dated deglacial speleothem record of Indian Ocean climate from Socotra Island, Yemen, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 295, 442, 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.004 Sharma, 2004, Late Glacial and Holocene environmental change in Ganga plain, Northern India, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 145, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.10.005 Shen, 2008, Ecotone shift and major droughts during the Mid-Late Holocene in the central Tibetan Plateau, Ecology, 89, 1079, 10.1890/06-2016.1 Shen, 2005, Palaeoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18,000years, Quat. Int., 136, 131, 10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.014 Sinha, 2005, Variability of southwest Indian summer monsoon precipitation during the Bølling-Ållerød, Geology, 33, 813, 10.1130/G21498.1 Sirocko, 1996, Teleconnections between the subtropical monsoons and high-latitude climates during the last deglaciation, Science, 272, 526, 10.1126/science.272.5261.526 Street-Perrott, 1990, Abrupt climate fluctuations in the tropics: the influence of Atlantic Ocean circulation, Nature, 343, 607, 10.1038/343607a0 Stuijts, 1988, Evidence for the Late Quaternary vegetational change in the Sumatran and Javan highlands, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 55, 207, 10.1016/0034-6667(88)90086-3 Sun, 1993, Holocene palynological records in Lake Seling Co, Northern Xizang, Acta Bot. Sin., 35, 943 Terai, 2007, Limnolological studies on Lake Pumayum Co in the southern part of the Tibetan Plateau, 13 Tessier, 1976, Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem., 51, 844, 10.1021/ac50043a017 Thompson, 1997, Tropical climate instability: the Last Glacial cycle from a Qinghai–Tibetan ice core, Science, 276, 1821, 10.1126/science.276.5320.1821 Tian, 2001, Stable isotope variations in monsoon precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 79, 959, 10.2151/jmsj.79.959 Tian, 2001, Tibetan Plateau summer monsoon northward extent revealed by measurement of water stable isotopes, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28,081, 10.1029/2001JD900186 Traverse, 1988, 600 Tucker, 1990, Carbonate depositional systems I: marine shallow-water and lacustrine carbonates, 108 Van Campo, 1993, Pollen- and diatom-inferred climatic and hydrological changes in Sumxi Co basin (Western Tibet) since 13,000yrB.P., Quat. Res., 39, 300, 10.1006/qres.1993.1037 Van Campo, 1996, Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (Western Tibet). Part 2: the pollen record, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 120, 49, 10.1016/0031-0182(95)00033-X Wang, 1979, Permafrost along the Qinghai–Xizang highway, Acta Geograph. Sin., 34, 18 Wang, 2001, A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave, China, Science, 294, 2345, 10.1126/science.1064618 Wang, 2009, Spatial variability and correlation of environmental proxies during the past 18,000years among multiple cores from Lake Pumoyum Co, Tibet, China, J. Paleolimnol., 42, 303, 10.1007/s10933-008-9277-4 Wang, 2002, Later Pleistocene/Holocene climate conditions of Qinghai–Xizhang Plateau (Tibet) based on carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of Zabuye Lake sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 461, 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00829-4 Watanabe, 2010, Last Glacial–Holocene geochronology of sediment cores from a high-altitude Tibetan lake based on AMS 14C dating of plant fossils: implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, Chem. Geol., 277, 21, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.004 Wei, 1999, Oxygen isotopes in lacustrine carbonates of West China revisited: implications for post glacial changes in summer monsoon circulation, Quat. Sci. Rev., 18, 1315, 10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00115-2 Wischnewski, 2011, Reconstructing climate variability on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the last Late Glacial—a multi-proxy, dual-site approach comparing terrestrial and aquatic signals, Quat. Sci. Rev., 30, 82, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.001 Wu, 1996, Pollen records from Zabuye Lake in Tibet during the last 30,000years, Mar. Geol. Quat. Geol., 16, 115 Wu, 2006, Holocene climate development on the central Tibetan Plateau: a sedimentary record from Cuoe Lake, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 234, 328, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.09.017 Yan, 1999, Palynological and stable isotopic study of palaeoenvironmental changes on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau in the last 30,000years, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 153, 147, 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00064-4 Yancheva, 2007, Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon, Nature, 445, 74, 10.1038/nature05431 Yao, 1991, 760 Yu, 2001, Modern pollen samples from alpine vegetation on the Tibetan Plateau, Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 11, 503, 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00258.x Yu, 2006, High-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Sci. China Ser. D Earth Sci., 49, 615, 10.1007/s11430-006-0615-y Yuan, 2004, Timing, duration, and transition of the Last Interglacial Asian monsoon, Science, 304, 575, 10.1126/science.1091220 Zhang, 2009, A Late Glacial and Holocene lake record from the Nianbaoyeze Mountains and inferences of lake, glacier and climate evolution on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Quat. Sci. Rev., 28, 1970, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.03.007 Zhao, 2007, Holocene vegetation and climate history at Hurleg Lake in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 145, 275, 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.12.002 Zhao, 2010, Late Holocene vegetation and climate oscillations in the Qaidam Basin of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Quat. Res., 73, 59, 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.11.007 Zhu, 2008, Environmental changes reflected from the core sediments since 8.4ka in Nam Co, central Tibet of China, The Holocene, 18, 831, 10.1177/0959683608091801 Zhu, 2009, A 30,000-year record of environmental changes inferred from Lake Chen Co, Southern Tibet, J. Paleolimnol., 42, 343, 10.1007/s10933-008-9280-9