FGF Signaling in Chick Lens Development

Arnold, 1993, Distribution of IGF-I and -II, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and IGFBP mRNA in ocular fluids and tissues: Potential sites of synthesis of IGFBPs in aqueous and vitreous, Exp. Eye Res., 56, 555, 10.1006/exer.1993.1069 Beebe, 1980, Lentropin: A factor in vitreous humor which promotes lens fiber cell differentiation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 490, 10.1073/pnas.77.1.490 Beebe, 1981, A tissue culture system for studying lens cell differentiation, Vision Res., 21, 113, 10.1016/0042-6989(81)90143-7 Beebe, 1987, Lentropin, a protein that controls lens fiber formation, is related functionally and immunologically to the insulin-like growth factors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 2327, 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2327 Bost, 1997, The JUN kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway is required for epidermal growth factor stimulation of growth of human A549 lung carcinoma cells, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 33422, 10.1074/jbc.272.52.33422 Brewitt, 1992, Cell cycle synchrony in the developing chicken lens epithelium, Dev. Biol., 152, 315, 10.1016/0012-1606(92)90138-7 Caldes, 1991, Expression of insulin-like growth factor I in developing lens is compartmentalized, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 20786, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54777-3 Caruelle, 1989, Immunological study of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) distribution in the eye, J. Cell. Biochem., 39, 117, 10.1002/jcb.240390204 Chamberlain, 1991, The effects of insulin and basic fibroblast growth factor on fibre differentiation in rat lens epithelial explants, Growth Factors, 4, 183, 10.3109/08977199109104814 Chepelinsky, 1985, Lens-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene promoted by 5′ flanking sequences of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene in explanted chicken lens epithelia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 2334, 10.1073/pnas.82.8.2334 Chow, 1995, FGF suppresses apoptosis and induces differentiation of fibre cells in the mouse lens, Development, 121, 4383, 10.1242/dev.121.12.4383 Claude, 1988, Acidic fibroblast growth factor stimulates adrenal chromaffin cells to proliferate and to extend neurites, but is not a long-term survival factor, Neuron, 1, 783, 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90126-2 Consigli, 1993, The temporal and spatial expression of basic fibroblast growth factor during ocular development in the chicken, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 34, 559 Coolican, 1997, The mitogenic and myogenic actions of insulin-like growth factors utilize distinct signaling pathways, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 6653, 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6653 Coulombre, 1963, Lens development: Fiber elongation and lens orientation, Science, 142, 1489, 10.1126/science.142.3598.1489 Cowley, 1994, Activation of MAP kinase kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells, Cell, 77, 841, 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90133-3 de Iongh, 1992, Distribution of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in the foetal rat eye: Implications for lens development, Growth Factors, 6, 159, 10.3109/08977199209011018 de Iongh, 1993, Spatio-temporal distribution of acidic and basic FGF indicates a role for FGF in rat lens morphogenesis, Dev. Dyn., 198, 190, 10.1002/aja.1001980305 Dufourny, 1997, Mitogenic signaling of insulin-like growth factor I in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and is independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 31163, 10.1074/jbc.272.49.31163 Favata, 1998, Identification of a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18623, 10.1074/jbc.273.29.18623 Florini, 1996, Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis, Endocr. Rev., 17, 481 Gammeltoft, 1988, Receptors for insulin-like growth factors in the central nervous system: Structure and function, Horm. Metab. Res., 20, 436, 10.1055/s-2007-1010854 Harding, 1977, Men have heavier lenses than women of the same age, Exp. Eye Res., 25, 651, 10.1016/0014-4835(77)90143-9 Hyatt, 1993, Regulation of lens cell growth and polarity by an embryo-specific growth factor and by inhibitors of lens cell proliferation and differentiation, Development, 117, 701, 10.1242/dev.117.2.701 Hyuga, 1993, Basic fibroblast growth factor as one of the essential factors regulating lens transdifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells, Int. J. Dev. Biol., 37, 319 Ibaraki, 1995, Effects of growth factors on proliferation and differentiation in human lens epithelial cells in early subculture, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 36, 2304 Ireland, 1997, Quantification and regulation of mRNAs encoding beaded filament proteins in the chick lens, Curr. Eye Res., 16, 838, 10.1076/ceyr.16.8.838.8990 Karim, 1990, Stimulatory effects of retinal extract and fibroblast growth factor on lentoidogenesis in cultures of chick embryo neuroretinal cells, Cell Differ. Dev., 31, 169, 10.1016/0922-3371(90)90129-K Khokhlatchev, 1997, Reconstitution of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation cascades in bacteria. Efficient synthesis of active protein kinases, J. Biol. Chem., 272, 11057, 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11057 Klok, 1998, Induction and maintenance of differentiation of rat lens epithelium by FGF-2, insulin and IGF-1, Exp. Eye Res., 67, 425, 10.1006/exer.1998.0534 Kuo, 1997, Differentiation of central nervous system neuronal cells by fibroblast-derived growth factor requires at least two signaling pathways: Roles for Ras and Src, Mol. Cell. Biol., 17, 4633, 10.1128/MCB.17.8.4633 Lang, 1999, Which factors stimulate lens fiber cell differentiation in vivo?, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 40, 3075 Le, 1998, Normal differentiation of cultured lens cells after inhibition of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication, Dev. Biol., 204, 80, 10.1006/dbio.1998.9030 Lewis, 1998, Signal transduction through MAP kinase cascades, Adv. Cancer Res., 74, 49, 10.1016/S0065-230X(08)60765-4 Liu, 1996, IGF enhancement of FGF-induced fibre differentiation and DNA synthesis in lens explants, Exp. Eye Res., 63, 621, 10.1006/exer.1996.0156 Liu, 1994, Induction of cataract-like changes in rat lens epithelial explants by transforming growth factor beta, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 35, 388 Lovicu, 1995, Differential effects of aqueous and vitreous on fiber differentiation and extracellular matrix accumulation in lens epithelial explants, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 36, 1459 Lovicu, 1993, Localization of acidic fibroblast growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and heparan sulphate proteoglycan in rat lens: Implications for lens polarity and growth patterns, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 34, 3355 Lovicu, 1998, Overlapping effects of different members of the FGF family on lens fiber differentiation in transgenic mice, Development, 125, 3365, 10.1242/dev.125.17.3365 Maher, 1999, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation is required for fibroblast growth factor-2-stimulated cell proliferation but not differentiation, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 17491, 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17491 Marshall, 1995, Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, Cell, 80, 179, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90401-8 Mascarelli, 1987, Characterization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in brain, retina and vitreous chick embryo, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 146, 478, 10.1016/0006-291X(87)90554-7 McAvoy, 1989, Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces different responses in lens epithelial cells depending on its concentration, Development, 107, 221, 10.1242/dev.107.2.221 Menko, 1984, Chicken embryo lens cultures mimic differentiation in the lens, Dev. Biol., 103, 129, 10.1016/0012-1606(84)90014-9 Miller, 2000, Compensation by fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) does not account for the mild phenotypic defects observed in FGF2 null mice, Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 2260, 10.1128/MCB.20.6.2260-2268.2000 Milstone, 1975, Rates of protein synthesis in explanted embryonic chick lens epithelia: Differential stimulation of delta-crystallin synthesis, Dev. Biol., 43, 91, 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90133-5 Milstone, 1977, delta-Crystallin gene expression in embryonic chick lens epithelia cultured in the presence of insulin, Exp. Cell Res., 105, 9, 10.1016/0014-4827(77)90147-1 Mohammadi, 1997, Structures of the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor in complex with inhibitors, Science, 276, 955, 10.1126/science.276.5314.955 Nishiguchi, 1998, Sox1 directly regulates the gamma-crystallin genes and is essential for lens development in mice, Genes Dev., 12, 776, 10.1101/gad.12.6.776 Ohuchi, 1994, Expression patterns of two fibroblast growth factor receptor genes during early chick eye development, Exp. Eye Res., 58, 649, 10.1006/exer.1994.1062 Ornitz, 2000, FGFs, heparan sulfate and FGFRs: Complex interactions essential for development, BioEssays, 22, 108, 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(200002)22:2<108::AID-BIES2>3.0.CO;2-M Peterson, 1983, Determination of total protein, Methods Enzymol., 91, 95, 10.1016/S0076-6879(83)91014-5 Philpott, 1965, The differentiation of embryonic chick lens epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, Exp. Cell Res., 38, 635, 10.1016/0014-4827(65)90387-3 Philpott, 1968, Cytodifferentiation of precultured embryonic chick lens epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, Exp. Cell Res., 52, 140, 10.1016/0014-4827(68)90553-3 Piatigorsky, 1973, Insulin initiation of lens fiber differentiation in culture: Elongation of embryonic lens epithelial cells, Dev. Biol., 30, 214, 10.1016/0012-1606(73)90060-2 Piatigorsky, 1973, Stimulation by insulin of cell elongation and microtuble assembly in embryonic chick-lens epithelia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 70, 1195, 10.1073/pnas.70.4.1195 Piatigorsky, 1981, Lens differentiation in vertebrates. A review of cellular and molecular features, Differentiation, 19, 134, 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1981.tb01141.x Piatigorsky, 1972, Loss during development of the ability of chick embryonic lens cells to elongate in culture: Inverse relationship between cell division and elongation, Dev. Biol., 28, 382, 10.1016/0012-1606(72)90021-8 Piatigorsky, 1972, Protein synthesis and ultrastructure during the formation of embryonic chick lens fibers in vivo and in vitro, Dev. Biol., 27, 176, 10.1016/0012-1606(72)90096-6 Porras, 1998, p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases activation is required for the insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin induced proliferation, but inhibits differentiation, in rat fetal brown adipocytes, Mol. Endocrinol., 12, 825, 10.1210/mend.12.6.0122 Potts, 1994, Expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors in the developing chicken lens, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 35, 3413 Potts, 1993, Identification of receptor tyrosine kinases in the embryonic chicken lens, Curr. Eye Res., 12, 759, 10.3109/02713689308995772 Potts, 1998, Activation of the Jak-STAT-signaling pathway in embryonic lens cells, Dev. Biol., 204, 277, 10.1006/dbio.1998.9077 Quinlan, 1996, The beaded filament of the eye lens: An unexpected key to intermediate filament structure and function, Trends Cell Biol., 6, 123, 10.1016/0962-8924(96)20001-7 Reddan, 1975, Induction of mitosis in the cultured rabbit lens initiated by the addition of insulin to medium KEI-4, Exp. Eye Res., 20, 45, 10.1016/0014-4835(75)90107-4 Reddan, 1983, Insulin growth factor and epidermal growth factor trigger mitosis in lenses cultured in a serum-free medium, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 24, 409 Reneker, 1996, Lens-specific expression of PDGF-A alters lens growth and development, Dev. Biol., 180, 554, 10.1006/dbio.1996.0328 Richardson, 1993, IGF-1 enhancement of FGF-induced lens fiber differentiation in rats of different ages, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 34, 3303 Richardson, 1992, Age of rats affects response of lens epithelial explants to fibroblast growth factor, Exp. Eye Res., 55, 649, 10.1016/0014-4835(92)90169-S Robinson, 1995, Expression of a truncated FGF receptor results in defective lens development in transgenic mice, Development, 121, 3959, 10.1242/dev.121.12.3959 Sakurada, 1996, Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor in Kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 87, 1143, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb03124.x Schulz, 1993, Acidic and basic FGF in ocular media and lens: Implications for lens polarity and growth patterns, Development, 118, 117, 10.1242/dev.118.1.117 Seed, 1988, Fibroblast growth factor levels in the whole embryo and limb bud during chick development, Dev. Biol., 128, 50, 10.1016/0012-1606(88)90265-5 Shipley, 1986, A serum-free [3H]thymidine incorporation assay for the detection of transforming growth factors, J. Tissue Culture Methods, 10, 117, 10.1007/BF01404602 Stewart, 1996, Insulin-like growth factor-II is an autocrine survival factor for differentiating myoblasts, J. Biol. Chem., 271, 11330, 10.1074/jbc.271.19.11330 Stock, 1992, Localization of acidic fibroblast growth factor in specific subcortical neuronal populations, J. Neurosci., 12, 4688, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04688.1992 Stolen, 2000, Disruption of lens fiber cell differentiation and survival at multiple stages by region-specific expression of truncated FGF receptors, Dev. Biol., 217, 205, 10.1006/dbio.1999.9557 Uhlrich, 1986, Effect of heparin on the stimulation of non-vascular cells by human acidic and basic FGF, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 137, 1205, 10.1016/0006-291X(86)90353-0 Vlodavsky, 1987, Aortic endothelial cells synthesize basic fibroblast growth factor which remains cell associated and platelet-derived growth factor-like protein which is secreted, J. Cell. Physiol., 131, 402, 10.1002/jcp.1041310312 Wong, 1996, Feline ocular epithelial response to growth factors in vitro, Am. J. Vet. Res., 57, 1748 Wride, 1996, Cellular and molecular features of lens differentiation: A review of recent advances, Differentiation, 61, 77, 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1996.6120077.x Yamamoto, 1976, Growth of lens and ocular environment: Role of neural retina in the growth of mouse lens as revealed by an implantation experiment, Dev. Growth Differ., 18, 273, 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1976.00273.x Yao, 1995, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate can convert epidermal growth factor into a differentiating factor in neuronal cells, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 20748, 10.1074/jbc.270.35.20748