Sum rules and giant resonances in nuclei

Physics Reports - Tập 175 - Trang 103-261 - 1989
E. Lipparini1, S. Stringari1
1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38050 Povo, Italy

Tài liệu tham khảo

Baldwin, 1947, Phys. Rev., 71, 3, 10.1103/PhysRev.71.3 1984, C4-3 1988, 482 Van Der Woude, 1987, Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys., 18, 217, 10.1016/0146-6410(87)90011-1 Leonardi, 1971, Riv. Nuovo Cimento, 1, 1, 10.1007/BF02825898 Bohigas, 1979, Phys. Rep., 51, 267, 10.1016/0370-1573(79)90079-6 Veyssiere, 1970, Nucl. Phys. A, 159, 561, 10.1016/0375-9474(70)90727-X Lepretre, 1978, Phys. Lett. B, 79, 43, 10.1016/0370-2693(78)90431-8 Dale, 1988, Phys. Lett. B, 214, 329, 10.1016/0370-2693(88)91372-X Pines, 1966 Stringari, 1978, Nucl. Phys. A, 309, 177, 10.1016/0375-9474(78)90541-9 Stringari, 1978, Nucl. Phys. A, 309, 189, 10.1016/0375-9474(78)90542-0 Leonardi, 1981, From Nuclei to Particles Stringari, 1987, Nucl. Phys. A, 473, 61, 10.1016/0375-9474(87)90155-2 Ring, 1980 Thouless, 1960, Nucl. Phys., 21, 225, 10.1016/0029-5582(60)90048-1 Marshalek, 1973, Phys. Rev., 2281 Rowe, 1970 Lipparini, 1987, Ann. Phys. (USA), 173, 411, 10.1016/0003-4916(87)90166-7 Mavromatis, 1966, Nucl. Phys., 80, 545, 10.1016/0029-5582(66)90063-0 Zamick, 1977, Phys. Lett. B, 66, 116, 10.1016/0370-2693(77)90153-8 Speth, 1977, Phys. Rep., 33, 127, 10.1016/0370-1573(77)90042-4 Blaizot, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 337, 157, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90084-6 Zamick, 1983, 21 Sagawa, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 430, 84, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90194-5 Bohr, 1975 Lipparini, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 373, 502, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90547-4 Bethe, 1935, 149, 176 Friar, 1984, Phys. Rev. C, 29, 232, 10.1103/PhysRevC.29.232 Stringari, 1983, J. Low Temp. Phys., J7, 307 Jennings, 1980, Phys. Rep., 66, 141, 10.1016/0370-1573(80)90003-4 Stringari, 1983, Ann. Phys. (USA), 151, 35, 10.1016/0003-4916(83)90314-7 Alberico, 1982, Ann. Phys. (USA), 138, 178, 10.1016/0003-4916(82)90179-8 Steinwedel, 1950, Z. Naturforsch., 5a, 413, 10.1515/zna-1950-0801 Goldhaber, 1948, Phys. Rev., 74, 1046, 10.1103/PhysRev.74.1046 Migdal, 1944, J. Phys. (Moscow), 8, 331 Sterenburg, 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 45, 1839, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1839 Gaarde, 1985, 449 Erell, 1986, Phys. Rev. C, 34, 1822, 10.1103/PhysRevC.34.1822 Bowman, 1983, Phys. Rev. Lett., 50, 1195, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1195 1986, Phys. Rev. C, 34, 2231, 10.1103/PhysRevC.34.2231 Lipparini, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 982, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.982 Baym, 1978 Leonardi, 1982, Phys. Rev. C, 26, 2636, 10.1103/PhysRevC.26.2636 Leonardi, 1969, Phys. Rev. Lett., 23, 874, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.874 Leonardi, 1972, Phys. Rev., 28, 836 Akyuz, 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.27.1016 Fallieros, 1970, Nucl. Phys. A, 147, 593, 10.1016/0375-9474(70)90602-0 Lipparini, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 112, 421, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)90839-5 Suzuki, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 286, 307, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90410-9 Fallieros, 1972 Noble, 1971, Ann. Phys. (USA), 67, 98, 10.1016/0003-4916(71)90005-4 1978, Phys. Rep., C40, 241 Ui, 1974, Progr. Theor. Phys., 51, 1377, 10.1143/PTP.51.1377 Stringari, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 117, 141, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)90533-0 Bowman, 1987, Phys. Lett. B, 197, 497, 10.1016/0370-2693(87)91041-0 Lipparini, 1983 P. Moller, W.D. Myers, W.J. Swiatecki and J. Treiner, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, in press. Myers, 1977, Phys. Rev. C, 15, 2032, 10.1103/PhysRevC.15.2032 Meyer, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 385, 269, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90172-5 Lipparini, 1988, Nucl. Phys. A, 482, 205c, 10.1016/0375-9474(88)90585-4 Krivine, 1979, Phys. Lett. B, 88, 212, 10.1016/0370-2693(79)90450-7 Treiner, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 371, 253, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90067-1 Krivine, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 112, 281, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)91049-8 Barranco, 1985, Phys. Lett. B, 154, 96, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)90565-9 Barranco, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 143, 143, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)91472-2 Knupfer, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 101, 375, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90155-6 Knupfer, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 107, 325, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90333-6 Lipparini, 1987, Phys. Rev. C, 36, 2697, 10.1103/PhysRevC.36.2697 Ahrens, 1975, Nucl. Phys. A, 251, 479, 10.1016/0375-9474(75)90543-6 1976, Nuovo Cimento, 32, 364, 10.1007/BF02730123 Bergere, 1977, Electro and Photonuclear Reactions, Vols. 61, 62 Zanon, 1980 Skyrme, 1956, Philos. Mag., 1, 1043, 10.1080/14786435608238186 1959, Nucl. Phys., 9, 615, 10.1016/0029-5582(58)90345-6 Vautherin, 1972, Phys. Rev. C, 5, 626, 10.1103/PhysRevC.5.626 Beiner, 1975, Nucl. Phys. A, 238, 29, 10.1016/0375-9474(75)90338-3 Krivine, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 336, 155, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90618-1 Bartel, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 386, 79, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90403-1 Tondeur, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 420, 297, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90444-5 Bohigas, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 102, 105, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)91040-6 M. Barranco and J. Navarro, private communications. Goeke, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 339, 337, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90022-6 Casas, 1985, Phys. Lett. B, 152, 6, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91128-1 Treiner, 1986, Ann. Phys. (USA), 170, 406, 10.1016/0003-4916(86)90098-9 Krivine, 1986, Phys. Lett. B, 171, 3, 10.1016/0370-2693(86)91414-0 Decharge, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 407, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90305-6 Gogny, 1975, 335 Golin, 1975, Nucl. Phys. A, 249, 320, 10.1016/0375-9474(75)90190-6 Blaizot, 1980, Phys. Rep., 64, 171, 10.1016/0370-1573(80)90001-0 Blaizot, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 355, 115, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90134-2 Jennings, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 342, 23, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90504-7 Stringari, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 108, 232, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)91182-0 Harakeh, 1981, Phys. Rev. C, 23, 2329, 10.1103/PhysRevC.23.2329 Giai, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 371, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90741-7 Orlandini, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 119, 21, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)90234-9 Laszewski, 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett., 54, 530, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.530 1986, Phys. Rev. C, 34, 2013, 10.1103/PhysRevC.34.2013 Laszewski, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 431, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.431 Laszewski, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett., 61, 1710, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1710 Lipparini, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 114, 13, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90166-7 Horen, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 99, 383, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90553-0 Bassani, 1968, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl., 24, 649, 10.1143/JPSJ.24.649 Cosman, 1972, Phys. Rev. C, 5, 626, 10.1103/PhysRevC.5.626 Brown, 1980, Comments Nucl. Part. Phys., 9, 79 Stringari, 1976, Nucl. Phys. A, 269, 87, 10.1016/0375-9474(76)90398-5 Lipparini, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 291, 157, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90203-2 Lipparini, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 293, 29, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90474-2 Traini, 1979, Nucl. Phys. A, 318, 162, 10.1016/0375-9474(79)90477-9 Lipparini, 1985, Phys. Lett. B, 160, 221, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91314-0 Toki, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 28, 1398, 10.1103/PhysRevC.28.1398 Gaarde, 1982, Nuclear Physics, 342 Bertsch, 1981, Phys. Rev. C, 24, 533, 10.1103/PhysRevC.24.533 Laszewski, 1985, Comments Nucl. Part. Phys., 14, 321 Cha, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 430, 321, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90043-5 Adachi, 1985, Nucl. Phys. A, 438, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(85)90115-0 Desplanques, 1986, Phys. Lett. B, 173, 23, 10.1016/0370-2693(86)91223-2 Blatt, 1952 Arenhovel, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 292, 429, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90627-3 Towner, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 399, 334, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90252-X Lawson, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 125, 255, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91279-0 Arima, 1954, Progr. Theor. Phys., 11, 593 Arima, 1954, Progr. Theor. Phys., 12, 623, 10.1143/PTP.12.623 Horie, 1955, Phys. Rev., 99, 778, 10.1103/PhysRev.99.778 Noya, 1958, Progr. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 8, 33, 10.1143/PTPS.8.33 Ho-Kim, 1979, Phys. Rev. C, 19, 1058, 10.1103/PhysRevC.19.1058 Gottfried, 1963, Ann. Phys. (USA), 21, 29, 10.1016/0003-4916(63)90223-9 Lane, 1973, Phys. Rev. C, 8, 1981, 10.1103/PhysRevC.8.1981 Eisenberg, 1967, Nucl. Phys. B, 3, 387, 10.1016/0550-3213(67)90008-9 Altemus, 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 44, 965, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.965 Barreau, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 358, 287, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90328-6 Deady, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 28, 631, 10.1103/PhysRevC.28.631 O'Connell, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 27, 2492, 10.1103/PhysRevC.27.2492 Arima, 1980, Phys. Lett. B, 96, 23, 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90203-8 Snover, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 27, 1837, 10.1103/PhysRevC.27.1837 Gerasimov, 1964, Phys. Lett., 13, 240, 10.1016/0031-9163(64)90472-X H. Arenhovel, in: Lecture Notes in Physics 108 (Springer, Berlin) p. 154. Cambi, 1981, Phys. Rev., 23 C, 992 Bohigas, 1987, Phys. Rev. C, 36, 2150, 10.1103/PhysRevC.36.2150 Bohigas, 1980 1981, 137 Lipparini, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 371, 430, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90056-7 Lipparini, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 371, 445, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90056-7 Bertsch, 1975, Phys. Rep., 18C, 126 Liu, 1976, Phys. Lett. B, 65, 23, 10.1016/0370-2693(76)90525-6 Liu, 1976, Nucl. Phys. A, 265, 385, 10.1016/0375-9474(76)90551-0 Bernard, 1978, These 3eme cycle Cavinato, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 373, 445, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90544-9 Cavinato, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 423, 376, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90030-7 Cò, 1985, Nucl. Phys. A, 333, 392, 10.1016/0375-9474(85)90273-8 Soloviev, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 399, 141, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90599-7 Bortignon, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 371, 405, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90055-5 Wambach, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 380, 285, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90107-5 Schwesinger, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 134, 29, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90977-8 Adachi, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 131, 11, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91081-X Bertsch, 1983, Rev. Mod. Phys., 55, 287, 10.1103/RevModPhys.55.287 Adachi, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 149, 447, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90363-0 Speth, 1986, vol. 1, 155 J. Wambach, Urbana preprint, P/87/12/220. Foldy, 1957, Phys. Rev., 107, 1303, 10.1103/PhysRev.107.1303 Dellafiore, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 388, 639, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90481-X Meyerhof, 1973, 385 Berman, 1980, Phys. Rev. C, 22, 2273, 10.1103/PhysRevC.22.2273 de Jager, 1974, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 14, 479, 10.1016/S0092-640X(74)80002-1 Stringari, 1984, Phys. Rev. C, 29, 1482, 10.1103/PhysRevC.29.1482 Snover, 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett., 43, 117, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.117 Burt, 1982, Phys. Rev. C, 25, 2805, 10.1103/PhysRevC.25.2805 Kuchler, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 406, 473, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90371-8 Djalali, 1984, 4, 375 Djalali, 1987, Phys. Rev. C, 35, 1201, 10.1103/PhysRevC.35.1201 Morch, 1982, Phys. Rev. C, 25, 1824, 10.1103/PhysRevC.25.1824 Taddeucci, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 28, 2511, 10.1103/PhysRevC.28.2511 Tabor, 1982, Phys. Rev. C, 25, 1253, 10.1103/PhysRevC.25.1253 Chaves, 1986, Phys. Lett. B, 171, 343, 10.1016/0370-2693(86)91417-6 Bertsch, 1982, Phys. Rev. C, 26, 1323, 10.1103/PhysRevC.26.1323 Bortignon, 1984, J. Phys. (France), C4, 209 Kuhn, 1923, Z. Phys., 33, 408, 10.1007/BF01328322 Ladenburg, 1923, Naturwis., 11, 873, 10.1007/BF01576902 Thomas, 1925, Naturwis., 13, 627, 10.1007/BF01558908 Traini, 1987, Rivista Nuovo Cimento, 10, 1, 10.1007/BF02770635 Dellafiore, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 344, 509, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90404-2 Brown, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 338, 269, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90033-0 Brink, 1976, Nucl. Phys. A, 258, 285, 10.1016/0375-9474(76)90007-5 Tornow, 1980, Nucl. Phys. A, 348, 157, 10.1016/0375-9474(80)90332-2 Alberico, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 386, 412, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90028-8 Schiavilla, 1987, Nucl. Phys. A, 473, 290, 10.1016/0375-9474(87)90146-1 Bell, 1957, Nucl. Phys., 4, 295, 10.1016/0029-5582(87)90034-4 Fujii, 1965, Phys. Rev. B, 140, 239, 10.1103/PhysRev.140.B239 Lipparini, 1977, Lett. Nuovo Cimento, 19, 171, 10.1007/BF02742790 Fujita, 1971, Phys. Lett. B, 37, 237, 10.1016/0370-2693(71)90006-2 Fujita, 1972, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 33, 511, 10.1143/JPSJ.33.511 Kurath, 1963, Phys. Rev., 130, 525, 10.1103/PhysRev.130.1525 Lipparini, 1976, Nuovo Cimento, 31A, 207, 10.1007/BF02729727 J. Decharge, private communication. Zamick, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 103, 87, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90676-6 Orlandini, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 134, 143, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90658-0 Traini, 1978, Phys. Rev. Lett., 41, 1535, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.1535 Semenko, 1962, Nucl. Phys., 37, 486, 10.1016/0029-5582(62)90282-1 Lipparini, 1976, Phys. Rev. Lett., 36, 660, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.660 Martorell, 1976, Phys. Lett. B, 60, 313, 10.1016/0370-2693(76)90737-1 Pines, 1970, Phys. Rev. Lett., 24, 1044, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.1044 Bertsch, 1974, Ann. Phys. (USA), 86, 138, 10.1016/0003-4916(74)90433-3 1975, Nucl. Phys. A, 249, 253, 10.1016/0375-9474(75)90186-4 Nettleton, 1976, J. Low Temp. Phys., 22, 407, 10.1007/BF00654715 Nettleton, 1976, J. Low Temp. Phys., 24, 275, 10.1007/BF00655259 Nettleton, 1977, J. Low Temp. Phys., 26, 277, 10.1007/BF00654572 Bertsch, 1977 Rudnick, 1980, J. Low Temp. Phys., 40, 287, 10.1007/BF00117120 Bedell, 1982, J. Low Temp. Phys., 49, 213, 10.1007/BF00681588 Dalfovo, 1985, Nuovo Cimento, 6, 445, 10.1007/BF02451902 Bertsch, 1976, Phys. Rev., 13, 1312, 10.1103/PhysRevA.13.1312 Stringari, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 279, 454, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90579-6 Wong, 1977, Phys. Rev. C, 16, 1196, 10.1103/PhysRevC.16.1196 Holzwarth, 1978, Z. Phys. A, 284, 291, 10.1007/BF01406801 1979, Nucl. Phys. A, 325, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(79)90148-9 Eckart, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 364, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90430-9 Eckart, 1980, Phys. Lett. B, 94, 453, 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90917-X Koch, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 373, 173, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90146-4 Di Toro, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 371, 151 Brink, 1986, Nucl. Phys. A, 456, 205, 10.1016/0375-9474(86)90390-8 Ando, 1982, Pr. Theor. Phys., 68, 1196, 10.1143/PTP.68.1196 Da Providencia, 1983, P.D. Thesis Da Providencia, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 398, 59, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90647-4 Kohno, 1979, Pr. Theor. Phys., 61, 1065, 10.1143/PTP.61.1065 Landau, 1970 Blaizot, 1978, Phys. Lett. B, 77, 367, 10.1016/0370-2693(78)90579-8 Nix, 1980, Phys. Rev. C, 21, 396, 10.1103/PhysRevC.21.396 1982, Phys. Rev. C, 25, 1068, 10.1103/PhysRevC.25.1068 Jennings, 1980, Phys. Lett. B, 96, 1, 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90197-5 Serr, 1980, Phys. Lett. B, 92, 241, 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90254-3 Serr, 1980, Phys. Lett. B, 97, 180, 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90576-6 Lipparini, 1986, Phys. Rev. C, 34, 370, 10.1103/PhysRevC.34.370 Leonardi, 1982, Nuclear Physics, 393 Casas, 1988, 490, 329 Auerbach, 1977, vol. 10, 77 Bertrand, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 354, 129c, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90596-0 Buenerd, 1984, J. Phys. (France), 45, C4 Buenerd, 1979, Phys. Lett. B, 84, 305, 10.1016/0370-2693(79)90045-5 Youngblood, 1980, 113 Bertrand, 1979, Phys. Lett. B, 80, 198, 10.1016/0370-2693(79)90197-7 1978, Phys. Rev. C, 18, 2788, 10.1103/PhysRevC.18.2788 Dumitrescu, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 27, 811, 10.1103/PhysRevC.27.811 Djalali, 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 380, 42, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90581-4 Morsch, 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 45, 337, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.337 Bonin, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 430, 349, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90044-7 Suzuki, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A, 217, 182, 10.1016/0375-9474(73)90631-3 Bertsch, 1975, Nucl. Phys. A, 249, 253, 10.1016/0375-9474(75)90186-4 Suzuki, 1980, Pr. Theor. Phys., 64, 1627, 10.1143/PTP.64.1627 Mahaux, 1985, Phys. Rep., 120, 1, 10.1016/0370-1573(85)90100-0 Bertrand, 1976, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci., 26, 457, 10.1146/annurev.ns.26.120176.002325 1980 Carey, 1980, Phys. Rev. Lett., 45, 239, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.239 Yamagata, 1981, Phys. Rev. C, 23, 937, 10.1103/PhysRevC.23.937 Morsch, 1984, J. Phys. (France), 45, C4 Berman, 1975, Rev. Mod. Phys., 47, 713, 10.1103/RevModPhys.47.713 Leonardi, 1987, Phys. Rev. C, 35, 1439, 10.1103/PhysRevC.35.1439 Skoda, 1979, Phys. Rep., 53, 341, 10.1016/0370-1573(79)90048-6 Paul, 1973 Auerbach, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 106, 347, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90639-0 Auerbach, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 395, 77, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90090-8 Leonardi, 1984, Hesans 1983, J. Phys. C, 4, 319 1982, 9 Leonardi, 1976, Phys. Rev. C, 14, 385, 10.1103/PhysRevC.14.385 Auerbach, 1983, Phys. Rep., 98, 273, 10.1016/0370-1573(83)90008-X Primakoff, 1959, Rev. Mod. Phys., 31, 802, 10.1103/RevModPhys.31.802 Luyten, 1963, Nucl. Phys., 41, 236, 10.1016/0029-5582(63)90505-4 Foldy, 1964, Nuovo Cimento, 34, 1026, 10.1007/BF02812528 Eckause, 1966, Nucl. Phys., 81, 575, 10.1016/0029-5582(66)90231-8 Suzuki, 1987, Phys. Rev. C, 35, 2212, 10.1103/PhysRevC.35.2212 Joseph, 1972, Phys. Rev. C, 6, 1742, 10.1103/PhysRevC.6.1742 Christillin, 1973, Phys. Rev. Lett., 31, 1012, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.31.1012 1976, Nuovo Cimento, 34A, 272 Giai, 1981, Phys. Rev. Lett., 46, 1444, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.1444 Auerbach, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 114, 95, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)90122-8 Christillin, 1980, Phys. Lett. B, 95, 344, 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90165-3 Suzuki, 1981, Phys. Lett. B, 104, 92, 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90566-9 1982, Nucl. Phys. A, 379, 110, 10.1016/0375-9474(82)90559-0 Gaarde, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 369, 258, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90019-1 Vetterli, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 439, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.439 Rapaport, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 410, 371, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90632-2 Haxton, 1984, Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys., 12, 409, 10.1016/0146-6410(84)90006-1 Eisenberg, 1981, Adv. Nucl. Phys., 12, 61, 10.1007/978-1-4613-9889-9_2 Serr, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 404, 359, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90554-7 Bohr, 1952, Mat.-Fys. Medd. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk., 26, 14 Tassie, 1956, Austr. J. Phys., 9, 407, 10.1071/PH560407 Auerbach, 1983, Phys. Rev. C, 27, 1818, 10.1103/PhysRevC.27.1818 Danos, 1958, Nucl. Phys., 5, 23, 10.1016/0029-5582(58)90005-1 Okamoto, 1958, Phys. Rev., 110, 143, 10.1103/PhysRev.110.143 Christillin, 1978, Nucl. Phys. A, 308, 51, 10.1016/0375-9474(78)90439-6 Di Toro, 1984, J. Phys. (France), C4, 297 Di Toro, 1986, Phys. Rev. C, 34, 2334, 10.1103/PhysRevC.34.2334 Carlos, 1971, Nucl. Phys. A, 172, 473, 10.1016/0375-9474(71)90725-1 Rowe, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 130, 147, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91030-4 Maino, 1985, Phys. Lett. B, 152, 17, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91130-X Zuffi, 1987, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A, 255, 46, 10.1016/0168-9002(87)91070-9 Christillin, 1976, Nuovo Cimento, 35A, 115, 10.1007/BF02730064 Lobner, 1970, Nucl. Data Tables, 7, 495, 10.1016/S0092-640X(18)30059-7 Suzuki, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 289, 461, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90046-X Aberg, 1987, Nucl. Phys. A, 473, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(87)90152-7 Kishimoto, 1980, New Collective Excitation States in Nuclei Abgrall, 1975, Phys. Lett. B, 56, 229, 10.1016/0370-2693(75)90381-0 Schwierczinski, 1973, Phys. Rev. C, 7, 296, 10.1103/PhysRevC.7.296 Passler, 1977, Phys. Lett. B, 66, 323, 10.1016/0370-2693(77)90005-3 Stringari, 1980, Phys. Rev. C, 22, 884, 10.1103/PhysRevC.22.884 Radomski, 1976, Phys. Rev. C, 14, 1704, 10.1103/PhysRevC.14.1704 Migdal, 1959, Nucl. Phys., 13, 655, 10.1016/0029-5582(59)90264-0 Brink, 1967, Nucl. Phys., 91A, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(67)90446-0 Lo Iudice, 1978, Phys. Rev. Lett., 41, 1532, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.1532 1979, Nucl. Phys. A, 326, 193, 10.1016/0375-9474(79)90375-0 De Franceschi, 1983, Lett. Nuovo Cimento, 37, 61, 10.1007/BF02818085 Bohle, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 137, 27, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)91099-2 Berg, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 149, 59, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)91551-X Bohle, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 148, 260, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90084-4 Lipparini, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 130, 139, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91028-6 Djalali, 1985, Phys. Lett. B, 164, 269, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)90324-7 Stringari, 1984, J. Phys. (USA), C6, 265 Bes, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 137, 141, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90217-X Hilton, 1987, J. Phys. (France), C2, 59 Hamamoto, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 145, 169, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90329-0 Iwasaki, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 144, 9, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90165-5 Iachello, 1981, Nucl. Phys. A, 358, 89c, 10.1016/0375-9474(81)90308-0 Dieperink, 1982, Int. School of Nuclear Physics, IVth Course: Collective Bands in Nuclei 1982 Palumbo, 1958, Phys. Lett. B, 158, 101, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91371-1 Lo Iudice, 1985, Phys. Lett. B, 161, 18, 10.1016/0370-2693(85)90599-4 Snover, 1986, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 36, 545, 10.1146/annurev.ns.36.120186.002553 Faber, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 127, 5, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91618-0 Sagawa, 1984, Phys. Lett. B, 146, 138, 10.1016/0370-2693(84)91004-9 Vautherin, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 422, 140, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90434-2 Civitarese, 1984, Ann. Phys. (USA), 156, 142, 10.1016/0003-4916(84)90213-6 Meyer, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 133, 279, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90146-6 1983 Besold, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 431, 1, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90052-6 Barranco, 1985, Nucl. Phys. A, 444, 445, 10.1016/0375-9474(85)90462-2 Suraud, 1988, Nucl. Phys. A, 480, 29, 10.1016/0375-9474(88)90382-X Campi, 1983, Z. Phys. A, 309, 239, 10.1007/BF01413755 Barranco, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 124, 131, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)91419-3 Ring, 1984, Nucl. Phys. A, 419, 261, 10.1016/0375-9474(84)90393-2 Gallardo, 1985, Nucl. Phys. A, 443, 415, 10.1016/0375-9474(85)90409-9 Iachello, 1982, Phys. Lett. B, 108, 151, 10.1016/0370-2693(82)91162-5 Iachello, 1983, Nucl. Phys. A, 396, 233c, 10.1016/0375-9474(83)90022-2 Daley, 1983, Phys. Lett. B, 131, 281, 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90498-7 Buck, 1977, Nucl. Phys., 280, 133, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90300-1 Iachello, 1981, Phys. Rev. C, 23, 2778, 10.1103/PhysRevC.23.2778 Alhassid, 1982, Phys. Rev. Lett., 49, 1482, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1482 Do Dang, 1972, Phys. Lett. B, 38, 397, 10.1016/0370-2693(72)90165-7 Bernabe, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A, 201, 41, 10.1016/0375-9474(73)90686-6 Bernabeu, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A, 215, 411, 10.1016/0375-9474(73)90664-7 Friar, 1974, Ann. Phys. (USA), 87, 289, 10.1016/0003-4916(74)90038-4 De Forest, 1975, Phys. Lett. B, 58, 397, 10.1016/0370-2693(75)90570-5 Rosenfelder, 1977, Nucl. Phys. A, 290, 315, 10.1016/0375-9474(77)90439-0 1978, Nucl. Phys. A, 298, 397, 10.1016/0375-9474(78)90141-0 Rosenfelder, 1977, Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, 742, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.742 Lipparini, 1976, Nuovo Cimento, 34A, 48, 10.1007/BF02813879 Roig, 1985, Nucl. Phys. A, 440, 659, 10.1016/0375-9474(85)90401-4 Navarro, 1986, Nucl. Phys. A, 457, 731, 10.1016/0375-9474(86)90477-X Krivine, 1988, Nucl. Phys. A, 481, 781, 10.1016/0375-9474(88)90725-7 S. Adachi and E. Lipparini, Nucl. Phys. to be publ. Leonardi, 1988 E. Lipparini and S. Stringari, Trento preprint (1988).