Basic obstetric pharmacology

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Ali, 2007, Gastroesophageal reflux disease in pregnancy, Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 21, 793, 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.05.006 Cunningham, 2009 Anderson, 2009, Effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of antihypertensive drugs, Clin Pharmacokinet, 48, 159, 10.2165/00003088-200948030-00002 Tracy, 2005, Temporal changes in drug metabolism (CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A activity) during pregnancy, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 192, 633, 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.08.030 Moya, 2014, A review of physiological and behavioral changes during pregnancy and lactation: Potential exposure factors and data gaps, J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, 24, 449, 10.1038/jes.2013.92 Laurberg, 2010, Iodine intake as a determinant of thyroid disorders in populations, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 24, 13, 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.013 Prouillac, 2010, The role of the placenta in fetal exposure to xenobiotics: importance of membrane transporters and human models for transfer studies, Drug Metab Dispos, 38, 1623, 10.1124/dmd.110.033571 Fokina, 2012, Metabolism of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate by human placental mitochondria, Reprod Sci, 19, 290, 10.1177/1933719111419248 Ravindran, 2006, Identification of glyburide metabolites formed by hepatic and placental microsomes of humans and baboons, Biochem Pharmacol, 72, 1730, 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.08.024 Zharikova, 2009, Identification of the major human hepatic and placental enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of glyburide, Biochem Pharmacol, 78, 1483, 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.08.003 Earhart, 2010, Transplacental transfer and metabolism of bupropion, J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 23, 409, 10.3109/14767050903168424 Iqbal, 2012, Placental drug transporters and their role in fetal protection, Placenta, 33, 137, 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.01.008 Mason, 2011, ATP-binding cassette transporter expression in human placenta as a function of pregnancy condition, Drug Metab Dispos, 39, 1000, 10.1124/dmd.111.038166 Lee, 2013, Effect of gestational age on mRNA and protein expression of polyspecific organic cation transporters during pregnancy, Drug Metab Dispos, 41, 2225, 10.1124/dmd.113.054072 Pardi, 2006, Human fetal growth and organ development: 50 years of discoveries, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194, 1088, 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.056 O׳Shaughnessy, 2013, Steroidogenic enzyme expression in the human fetal liver and potential role in the endocrinology of pregnancy, Mol Hum Reprod, 19, 177, 10.1093/molehr/gas059 Hines, 2007, Ontogeny of human hepatic cytochromes P450, J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 21, 169, 10.1002/jbt.20179 Duanmu, 2006, Developmental expression of aryl, estrogen, and hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases in pre- and postnatal human liver, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 316, 1310, 10.1124/jpet.105.093633 Thiele, 2013, Acetaminophen and pregnancy: short- and long-term consequences for mother and child, J Reprod Immunol, 97, 128, 10.1016/j.jri.2012.10.014 Kulo, 2013, Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and its metabolites in women at delivery and post-partum, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 75, 850, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04402.x Sharma, 2008, Identification of enzymes involved in the metabolism of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate: an effective agent for prevention of preterm birth, Drug Metab Dispos, 36, 1896, 10.1124/dmd.108.021444 Clark, 2013, Lamotrigine dosing for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder, Am J Psychiatry, 170, 1240, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13010006 Chen, 2009, Up-regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4 by 17 beta-estradiol: a potential mechanism of increased lamotrigine elimination in pregnancy, Drug Metab Dispos, 37, 1841, 10.1124/dmd.109.026609 Harden, 2009, Neurology, 73, 142, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a6b325 Hebert, 2009, Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide? The pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 85, 607, 10.1038/clpt.2009.5 Caritis, 2013, A pharmacologic approach to the use of glyburide in pregnancy, Obstet Gynecol, 121, 1309, 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31829007f0 Buckoreelall, 2012, Pharmacokinetic optimization of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy, Clin Pharmacokinet, 51, 639, 10.1007/s40262-012-0002-0 Sabers, 2012, Algorithm for lamotrigine dose adjustment before, during, and after pregnancy, Acta Neurol Scand, 126, e1, 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01627.x Wegner, 2010, Drug monitoring of lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine combination during pregnancy, Epilepsia, 51, 2500, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02771.x Fotopoulou, 2009, Prospectively assessed changes in lamotrigine-concentration in women with epilepsy during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period, Epilepsy Res, 85, 60, 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.02.011 Pennell, 2008, Antiepileptic drug therapy in pregnancy I: gestation-induced effects on AED pharmacokinetics, Int Rev Neurobiol, 83, 227, 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)00013-5 Franco, 2008, Changes in lamotrigine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and the puerperium, Ther Drug Monit, 30, 544, 10.1097/FTD.0b013e318178e2a9 Ohman, 2008, Effects of pregnancy and contraception on lamotrigine disposition: new insights through analysis of lamotrigine metabolites, Seizure, 17, 199, 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.11.017 Ohman, 2008, Plasma concentrations of lamotrigine and its 2-N-glucuronide metabolite during pregnancy in women with epilepsy, Epilepsia, 49, 1075, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01471.x Pennell, 2008, Lamotrigine in pregnancy: clearance, therapeutic drug monitoring, and seizure frequency, Neurology, 70, 2130, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000289511.20864.2a Longo, 2009, Levetiracetam use in pregnancy, Ann Pharmacother, 43, 1692, 10.1345/aph.1M231 Tomson, 2007, Pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam during pregnancy, delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation, Epilepsia, 48, 1111, 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01032.x Claessens, 2010, CYP2D6 mediates 4-hydroxylation of clonidine in vitro: implication for pregnancy-induced changes in clonidine clearance, Drug Metab Dispos, 38, 1393, 10.1124/dmd.110.033878 Buchanan, 2009, Clonidine pharmacokinetics in pregnancy, Drug Metab Dispos, 37, 702, 10.1124/dmd.108.024984 Jeong, 2008, Regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 by progesterone and its impact on labetalol elimination, Xenobiotica, 38, 62, 10.1080/00498250701744633 Hebert, 2005, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atenolol during pregnancy and postpartum, J Clin Pharmacol, 45, 25, 10.1177/0091270004269704 de Oliveira Baraldi, 2011, Metformin pharmacokinetics in nondiabetic pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 67, 1027, 10.1007/s00228-011-1053-0 Cressey, 2013, Reduced indinavir exposure during pregnancy, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 76, 475, 10.1111/bcp.12078 Unadkat, 2007, Pharmacokinetics and safety of indinavir in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51, 783, 10.1128/AAC.00420-06 Bartelink, 2014, Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz in food insecure HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women in Tororo, Uganda, J Clin Pharmacol, 54, 121, 10.1002/jcph.167 Patterson, 2013, Protein binding of lopinavir and ritonavir during 4 phases of pregnancy: implications for treatment guidelines, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 63, 51, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827fd47e Fayet-Mello, 2013, Free and total plasma levels of lopinavir during pregnancy, at delivery and postpartum: implications for dosage adjustments in pregnant women, Antivir Ther, 18, 171, 10.3851/IMP2328 Calza, 2012, Lopinavir/ritonavir trough concentrations with the tablet formulation in HIV-1-infected women during the third trimester of pregnancy, Scand J Infect Dis, 44, 381, 10.3109/00365548.2011.642306 Lambert, 2011, Therapeutic drug monitoring of lopinavir/ritonavir in pregnancy, HIV Med, 12, 166, 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00865.x Best, 2010, Lopinavir tablet pharmacokinetics with an increased dose during pregnancy, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 54, 381, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d6c9ed Bouillon-Pichault, 2009, Population analysis of the pregnancy-related modifications in lopinavir pharmacokinetics and their possible consequences for dose adjustment, J Antimicrob Chemother, 63, 1223, 10.1093/jac/dkp123 Fang, 2012, Safety and pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and postpartum, HIV Clin Trials, 13, 46, 10.1310/hct1301-46 Ivanovic, 2009, Transplacental transfer of antiretroviral drugs and newborn birth weight in HIV-infected pregnant women, Curr HIV Res, 7, 620, 10.2174/157016209789973628 Read, 2008, Pharmacokinetics of new 625mg nelfinavir formulation during pregnancy and postpartum, HIV Med, 9, 875 Hirt, 2007, Pharmacokinetic modelling of the placental transfer of nelfinavir and its M8 metabolite: a population study using 75 maternal-cord plasma samples, Br J Clin Pharmacol, 64, 634, 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02885.x Benaboud, 2011, Population pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their neonates, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 55, 331, 10.1128/AAC.00631-10 Lamorde, 2010, Suboptimal nevirapine steady-state pharmacokinetics during intrapartum compared with postpartum in HIV-1-seropositive Ugandan women, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 55, 345, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e9871b Cressey, 2012, Efavirenz pharmacokinetics during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 59, 245, 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31823ff052 Benaboud, 2012, Pregnancy-related effects on tenofovir pharmacokinetics: a population study with 186 women, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 56, 857, 10.1128/AAC.05244-11 Hirt, 2009, Population pharmacokinetics of tenofovir in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their neonates (ANRS 12109), Clin Pharmacol Ther, 85, 182, 10.1038/clpt.2008.201 Benaboud, 2012, Pregnancy-related effects on lamivudine pharmacokinetics in a population study with 228 women, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 56, 776, 10.1128/AAC.00370-11 Stek, 2012, Effect of pregnancy on emtricitabine pharmacokinetics, HIV Med, 13, 226 Beigi, 2011, Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir among pregnant and nonpregnant women, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 204, S84, 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.03.002 Karunajeewa, 2009, Pharmacokinetic properties of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in pregnant women, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, 4368, 10.1128/AAC.00335-09 Freeman, 2008, Pharmacokinetics of sertraline across pregnancy and postpartum, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 28, 646, 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31818d2048 Hebert, 2013, Interpreting tacrolimus concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum, Transplantation, 95, 908, 10.1097/TP.0b013e318278d367 Wolff, 2005, Changes to methadone clearance during pregnancy, Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 61, 763, 10.1007/s00228-005-0035-5 Van Calsteren, 2010, Pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents in pregnancy: a preclinical and clinical study, Acta Obstet 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