A preliminary carbon budget for a part of the Ems estuary: The Dollard

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 30 - Trang 283-294 - 1977
F. B. van Es1
1Biologisch Onderzoek Eems-Dollard Estuarium, Texel, The Netherlands

Tóm tắt

During 1975, measurements were made to quantify all sources of input of organic matter in the Dollard. This made a comparison possible between in situ primary production, import from natural sources and organic waste discharges in terms of organic carbon. In order to make a carbon budget, mineralization and the amount of organic matter buried in the sediment was also measured. Input of organic carbon was mainly based on primary production on the tidal flats (measured in situ as O2 production, 9.3×106 kg C · year−1), accumulation of suspended matter originating from the North Sea and the River Ems (maximal 37.1×106 kg C · year−1) and discharge of heavily polluted water (33.0×106 kg C · year−1). Input from primary production in the water phase was negligibly low (0.7×106 kg C · year−1). Loss of organic carbon was due to mineralization in the sediment (measured in situ as oxygen consumption, 18.2×106 kg C · year−1), mineralization in the water phase (using the BOD technique, 7.2×106 kg C · year−1) and burying of organic matter in the sediment (9.9·106 kg C · year−1). The loss of dissolved organic matter to the adjacent Waddensea was not measured but must be considerable. Allochthonous detritus was the main source of energy for the food-webs in the Dollard. The role of bacteria as an important source of food for higher organisms in the Dollard is discussed.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Cadee, G. C. & Hegeman, J., 1974. Primary production of the benthic microflora living on tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res.8, 260–291. Caspers, H., 1968. Der Einfluß der Elbe auf die Verunreinigung der Nordsee. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters.17, 422–434. Dorrestein, R., 1960. On the distribution of salinity and of some other properties of the water in the Ems-estuary. Verh. K. ned. geol. — mijnb. Genoot. (Geol.)19, 279–292. Fenchel, T., 1972. Aspects of decomposer food chains in marine benthos. Verh. dt. zool. Ges.65, 14–22. Groot, S. J. de & Postma, H., 1968. The oxygen content of the Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res.4, 1–10. Hargrave, B. T., 1970. The effect of a deposit-feeding amphipod on the metabolism of benthic microflora. Limnol. Oceanogr.15, 21–30. Heinle, D. R. & Flemer, D. A., 1976. Flows of materials between poorly flooded tidal marshes and an estuary. Mar. Biol.35, 359–373. Hollibaugh, J. T., 1976. The biological degradation of arginine and glutamic acid in sea water in relation to the growth of phytoplankton. Mar. Biol.36, 303–312. Jonge, V. N. de & Postma, H., 1974. Phosphorus compounds in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res.8, 139–153. Keefe, C. W., 1972. Marsh production: A summary of the literature. Mar. Sci.16, 163–181. Kühl, H. & Mann, H., 1954. Über die Hydrochemie der unteren Ems. Veröff. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerh.3, 126–158. ——, 1973. Untersuchungen zur Hydrobiologie der unteren Ems. Arch. Fisch Wiss.23, 243–268. Manuels, M. W. & Postma, H., 1974. Measurements of ATP and organic carbon in suspended matter of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res.8, 292–311. Mebius, L. J., Dekker, A. & ten Have, J., 1957. The “Kurmies” method, a rapid and reliable titrimetric method for the determination of the total organic matter content of the soil. Chem. Weekbl.53, 291–294. Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, 1974. Getijdetafels voor Nederland. Staatsuitgeverij, Den Haag,1975. Newell, R., 1965. The role of detritus in the nutrition of two marine deposit feeders, the prosobranch Hydrobia ulvae and the bivalve Macoma balthica. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond.144, 24–45. Nixon, S. W. & Oviatt, C. A., 1973. Ecology of a New England salt marsh. Ecol. Monogr.43, 463–498. Pomeroy, L. R., 1959. Algal productivity in salt marshes of Georgia. Limnol. Oceanogr.4, 386–397. Postma, H., 1954. Hydrography of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Archnéerl. Zool.10, 405–511. —, 1961. Transport and accumulation of suspended matter in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res.1, 148–190. Reenders, R. & Meulen, D. H. van der, 1972. De ontwikkeling van de Dollard over de periode 1952–1969/1970. Studiedienst Rijkswaterstaat, Delfzijl, Nota72-1 (in Dutch). Straaten, L. M. J. U. van, 1960. Transport and composition of sediments. Verh. K. ned. geol.-mijnb. Genoot. (Geol.)19, 279–292. Teal, J. M., 1962. Energy flow in the salt marsh ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology43, 614–624. Vollenweider, R. A. (Ed.), 1969. A manual on methods for measuring primary production in the aquatic environment. Blackwell, Oxford, 225 pp. Wright, R. T. & Hobbie, J. E., 1966. Use of glucose and acetate by bacteria and algae in aquatic ecosystems. Ecology47, 447–464.