The whole-rock cerium anomaly: a potential indicator of eustatic sea-level changes in shales of the anoxic facies

Anders, 1982, Solar-system abundances of the elements, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 2363, 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90208-3 Anderson, 1982, The nitrite-oxygen interface at the top of the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern tropical Pacific, Deep-Sea Res., 29, 1193, 10.1016/0198-0149(82)90089-9 Andersson, 1982, Kerogen and uranium resources in the Cambrian alum shales of the Billingen-Falbygden and Norske areas, Sweden, Geol. Fören. Stockholm Förh., 104, 197, 10.1080/11035898309455255 Baas-Becking, 1960, Limits of the natural environment in terms of pH and oxidation potential, J. Geol., 68, 243, 10.1086/626659 Bacon, 1980, Lead-210, polonium-210, manganese and iron in the Cariaco Trench, Deep-Sea Res., 27, 119, 10.1016/0198-0149(80)90091-6 Berner, 1989, A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time, Am. J. Sci., 89, 333, 10.2475/ajs.289.4.333 Berry, 1973, Glacio-eustatic control of late Ordovician-Early Silurian platform sedimentation and faunal changes, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 84, 275, 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<275:GCOLOS>2.0.CO;2 Berry, 1986, Trace elements signatures in dictyonema shales and their geochemical and stratigraphic significance, Nor. Geol. Tidsskr., 66, 45 Berry, 1987, Use of the cerium anomaly in black shales-climatic interpretation in the Ordovician-Silurian boundary interval, Dob's Linn, Scotland, 19, 587 Berry, 1989, Paleozoic (Cambrian through Devonian) anoxitropic biotopes, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeontol., 74, 3, 10.1016/0031-0182(89)90016-3 Brass, 1982, Ocean circulation, plate tectonics, and climate, 83 Brenchley, 1984, Late Ordovician extinctions and their relationship to the Gondwana glaciation, 291 Brenchley, 1984, Late Ordovician environmental changes and their effect on faunas, 295, 65 Budyko, 1987, History of the Earth's Atmosphere, 139 Davis, 1973, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 550 DeBaar, 1991, On cerium anomalies in the Sargasso Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 2981, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90463-F DeBaar, 1985, Rare earth elements in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1943, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90089-4 DeBaar, 1988, Rare earth element distributions in anoxic waters of the Cariaco trench, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 1203, 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90275-X Elderfield, 1982, The rare earth elements in seawater, Nature, 296, 214, 10.1038/296214a0 Elderfield, 1986, REE in icthyoliths: variations with redox conditions and depositional environment, Sci. Total Environ., 49, 175, 10.1016/0048-9697(86)90239-1 Elderfield, 1987, Rare earth elements in the pore waters of reducing near-shore sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 82, 280, 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90202-0 Elderfield, 1981, Rare earth element geochemistry of oceanic ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 513, 10.1016/0016-7037(81)90184-8 Elderfield, 1981, Rare earth element zonation in Pacific ferromanganese nodules, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 1231, 10.1016/0016-7037(81)90146-0 Fortey, 1984, Global earlier Ordovician transgressions and regressions and their biological implications, 295, 37 Frakes, 1979, Climates Throughout Geologic Time, 310 Frakes, 1992, Climate Modes of the Phanerozoic: the History of the Earth's Climate over the past 600 Million Years, 274 German, 1989, Rare earth elements in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, a seasonally anoxic basin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 2561, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90128-2 German, 1990, Rare earth elements in the NW Indian Ocean, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 1929, 10.1016/0016-7037(90)90262-J German, 1991, Redox cycling of rare earth elements in the suboxic zone of the Black Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 3553, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90055-A Goldberg, 1961, Chemistry in the oceans, 583 Grandjean-Lécuyer, 1993, Rare earth elements in old biogenic apatite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 2507, 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90413-Q Grasshoff, 1975, The hydrochemistry of landlocked basins and fjords, Vol. 2, 455 Gromet, 1984, The ‘North American shale composite’: its compilation, major and trace element characteristics, Geochim. Cosmochim Acta, 48, 2469, 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90298-9 Hallam, 1992, Phanerozoic Sea-Level Changes, 266 Haskin, 1966, Meteoric, solar and terrestrial rare-earth distributions, 167 Jacobs, 1985, Partitioning and transport of metals across the O2/H2S interface in a permanently anoxic basin: Framvaren Fjord, Norway, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1433, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90293-5 Jacobs, 1987, Trace metal geochemistry in the Cariaco Trench, Deep-Sea Res., 34, 965, 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90048-3 Leggett, 1985, Deep-sea pelagic sediments and palaeo-oceanography: a review of recent progress, 18, 95 Leggett, 1981, Periodicity in the early Paleozoic marine realm, J. Geol. Soc. London, 138, 167, 10.1144/gsjgs.138.2.0167 Liu, 1988, Cerium: a chemical tracer for paleo-oceanic redox conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 1361, 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90207-4 Liu, 1989, Author's Reply. Reliability of the reported stability constant for CePO40 as related to Ce redox formulations in seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 1477, 10.1016/0016-7037(89)90082-3 MacKenzie, 1982, Phanerozoic ocean-atmosphere-sediment history; secular variations and tectonic control, 11, 114 Murray, 1990, Rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale, Geology, 18, 268, 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0268:REEAIO>2.3.CO;2 Murray, 1991, Rare earth, major, and trace elements in chert from the Franciscan complex and Monterey Group: assessing REE sources to finegrained marine sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 1875, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90030-9 Murray, 1991, Rare earth elements in Japan Sea sediments and diagenetic behavior of Ce/Ce∗: results from ODP leg 127, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 2453, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90365-C Murray, 1992, Rare earth major, and trace element composition of Monterey and DSDP chert and associated host sediment: assessing the influence of chemical fractionation during diagenesis, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 2657, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90351-I Murray, 1992, Interoceanic variation in the rare earth, major, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56, 1897, 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90319-E Piper, 1974, Rare earths in the sedimentary cycle: a summary, Chem. Geol., 14, 285, 10.1016/0009-2541(74)90066-7 Quinby-Hunt, 1994, Thermodynamic zonation in the black shale facies based on ironmanganese-vanadium content, Chem. Geol., 113, 297, 10.1016/0009-2541(94)90072-8 Quinby-Hunt, 1989, Elemental geochemistry of low calcic black shales-statistical comparison with other shales, U.S. Geol. Surv. Circ., 1037, 8 Quinby-Hunt, 1991, The provenance of low-calcic black shales, Mineral. Deposita, 26, 113, 10.1007/BF00195257 Ruddiman, 1986, North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures for the last 1.1 million years, 21, 155 Scotese, 1986, Phanerozoic reconstructions: a new look at the assembly of Asia, Univ. Texas Inst. Geophys. Tech. Rep. 66, 54 Shaw, 1985, SmNd in marine carbonates and phosphates: implications for Nd isotopes in seawater and crustal ages, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 49, 503, 10.1016/0016-7037(85)90042-0 Sholkovitz, 1988, Rare earth elements in the North Atlantic Ocean, Amazon Delta and East China Sea: reinterpretation of terrigenous input patterns to the oceans, Am. J. Sci., 288, 236, 10.2475/ajs.288.3.236 Sholkovitz, 1988, Cycling of dissolved rare earth elements in Chesapeake Bay, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2, 157, 10.1029/GB002i002p00157 Sholkovitz, 1991, Cerium redox cycles and rare earth elements in the Sargasso Sea, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 2737, 10.1016/0016-7037(91)90440-G Skirrow, 1975, The dissolved gases—carbon dioxide, Vol. 2, 1 Summerhayes, 1986, Sea-level curves based on seismic stratigraphy: their chronostratigraphic significance, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimat., Palaeoecol., 57, 27, 10.1016/0031-0182(86)90004-0 Thomson, 1984, Metal accumulation rates in northwest Atlantic pelagic sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48, 1935, 10.1016/0016-7037(84)90376-4 Vail, 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea-level, IV. Global cycles of relative changes of sea-level, 26, 83 Wang, 1986, Rare earth element geochemistry of South Atlantic deep sea sediments: Cc anomaly change at ∼ 54 My, Geochimi. Cosmochim. Acta, 50, 1337, 10.1016/0016-7037(86)90310-8 Watts, 1982, Tectonic subsidence, flexure and global changes of sea-level, Nature, 297, 469, 10.1038/297469a0 Wilde, 1987, Model of progressive ventilation of the Late Precambrian-Early Paleozoic Ocean, Am. J. Sci., 287, 442, 10.2475/ajs.287.5.442 Wilde, 1991, Oceanography in the Ordovician, 283 Wilde, 1982, Progressive ventilation of the Oceans, II. Potential for return to anoxic conditions in the post-Paleozoic, 209 Wilde, 1984, Destabilization of the oceanic density structure and its significance to marine “extinction” events, Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol., 48, 143, 10.1016/0031-0182(84)90041-5 Wilde, 1986, Iridium abundances across the Ordovician-Silurian stratotype, Science, 233, 341, 10.1126/science.233.4761.339 Wilde, 1988, The use of statistical filters on chemical data in determining chronozonal boundaries, Geol. Soc. Am. Annu. Mtg., 20, A219 Wilde, 1989, Palaeo-oceanography and bio-geography in the Tremadoc (Ordovician) Iapetus Ocean and the origin of the chemostratigraphy of Dictyonema flabelliforme black shales, Geol. Mag., 126, 19, 10.1017/S0016756800006117 Wright, 1986, Conodont chemostratigraphy across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary: western USA and southeast China, 256 Wright, 1987, Paleoredox variations in ancient oceans recorded by rare earth elements in fossil apatite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 631, 10.1016/0016-7037(87)90075-5