Water balance modeling of Tandula (India) reservoir catchment using SWAT
Tóm tắt
The water availability assessment is an important aspect for planning and management of water resources in the basin; however, non-availability of observed runoff is an important issue often found in the developing countries. The farmers of irrigation projects incur more expenditure due to assured supply and suffer huge economic loss in dry years. In the present study, a water balance of reservoir for computation of runoff coupled with the application of spatially distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the SWAT model and SWAT–CUP application have been proposed for hydrological modeling can be used asses the inflows for efficient reservoir operation and planning of releases. The proposed methodology has been applied on Tandula reservoir catchment in Chhattisgarh state of India, which is well-known for its paddy cultivation and any short supply affect the economic status of marginal farmers in the command. The water balance of Tandula reservoir has been carried out for the period of 1991 to 2015 using daily reservoir levels, releases, evaporation, seepage, supplies from other sources, and spillway information. The percentage error in water balance analysis of Tandula reservoir varied between − 6.87 and 3.39% and seem reasonably well matched. The runoff obtained from water balance was checked with the SCS–CN technique and found close resemblance on the monthly and yearly basis. The digital image processing of remote sensing data has been used for determination of land uses and found that forest and agriculture land with rice cultivation are the principal land uses covering nearly 86% area of the catchment. The sensitivity analysis suggested that SCS curve number (r_CN2), saturated hydraulic conductivity (sol_k), soil antecedent water content (sol_AWC), and Manning’s N for the main channel (Ch_N2) are the most sensitive parameters. The sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI2) technique has been used for calibration of model for the period of 1995 to 2007 and validated for 2008 to 2015. The model performance was adjudged using P-factor, r-factor, and Nash–Sutcliff efficiency, and best-fit model parameters were determined. The Nash–Sutcliff efficiency for calibration and validation were found as 0.75 and 0.65 respectively suggested that the developed model can be used for assessment of runoff from the catchment. The knowledge of the availability of water using the amalgamation of water balance, SWAT model, and SWAT CUP application can be used for reservoir operation, irrigation management, and assessment of the impact of climate and land use change on runoff from the catchment.
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