Conservation of rice genetic resources: the role of the International Rice Genebank at IRRI
Tóm tắt
Rice genetic resources, comprising landrace varieties, modern and obsolete varieties, genetic stocks, breeding lines, and the wild rices, are the basis of world food security. The International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines conserves the largest and most diverse collection of rice germplasm. The facilities of the genebank ensure the long-term preservation of this important diversity. In field research, factors that affect long-term viability of rice seeds have been identified, leading to the introduction of modified practices for germplasm multiplication and regeneration. The value of conserved germplasm can be assessed in terms of useful traits for rice breeding and the economic impact that germplasm utilization has on rice production and productivity. The application of molecular markers is changing perspectives on germplasm management. International policies affecting access to and use of rice germplasm are discussed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bellon MR, Pham JL, Jackson MT: Rice farmers and genetic conservation. In: Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Hawkes JG (eds) Plant Conservation: The In SituApproach. Chapman & Hall, London, (in press) (1996).
Bettencourt E, Konopka J: Directory of Germplasm Collections. 3. Cereals: Avena, Hordeum, Millets, Oryza, Secale, Sorghum, Triticum, Zea and Pseudocereals. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome (1990).
Chang TT: Rice: Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. In: Smartt J, Simmonds NW (eds) Evolution of Crop Plants, 2nd ed., pp. 147–155. Longman, London (1995).
Dixon RA, Paiva NL: Prospects of accessing DNA banks for the isolation of genes encoding biologically active proteins. In: Adams RP, Adams JE (eds) Conservation of Plant Genes: DNA Banking and in vitroBiotechnology, pp. 99–118. Academic Press, San Diego (1992).
Dunford RP, Kurata N, Laurie DA, Money TA, Minobe Y, Moore G: Conservation of fine-scale DNA marker order in the genomes of rice and the Triticeae. Nucl Acids Res 23: 2724–2728 (1995).
Ellis RH, Hong TD, Jackson MT: Seed production environment, time of harvest, and the potential longevity of seeds of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Ann Bot 72: 583–590 (1993).
Ellis RH, Jackson MT: Accession regeneration in genebanks: seed production environment and the potential longevity of seed accessions. Plant Genet Res Newsl 102: 26–28 (1995).
Evenson RE, Gollin D: Genetic resources, international organizations, and rice varietal improvement. Center Discussion Paper 713, Economic Growth Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT (1994).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: The state of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Background documentation prepared for the International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany, 17- 23 June 1996 (1996).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute: Gene bank standards. FAO, Rome (1994).
Ford-Lloyd BV, Jackson M: Plant GeneticResources: An Introduction to their Conservation and Use. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1986).
Glaszmann JC: Isozymes and classification of Asian rice varieties. Theor Appl Genet 74: 21–30 (1987).
Hodgkin T, Brown AHD, van Hintum ThJL, Morales EAV: Core Collections of Plant Genetic Resources. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1995).
Hodgkin T, Debouck D: Molecular genetics in the use of wild species for crop improvement. In: Adams RP, Adams JE (eds) Conservation of Plant Genes: DNA Banking and In VitroBiotechnology, pp. 153–181. Academic Press, San Diego (1992).
Jackson MT: Preservation of rice strains. Nature 371: 470 (1994).
Jackson MT: Protecting the heritage of rice biodiversity. Geo-Journal 35: 267–274 (1995).
Jackson MT, Loresto GC, Appa Rao S, Jones M, Guimaraes EP, Ng NQ: Rice. In: Biodiversity in Trust, Chapter 20. SGRP/CGIAR/Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, in press (1996).
Kameswara Rao N, Jackson MT: Seed longevity of rice cultivars and strategies for their conservation in genebanks. Ann Bot 77: 251–260 (1996).
Kameswara Rao N, Jackson MT: Seed production environment and storage longevity of japonica rices (Oryza sativaL.). Seed Sci Res 6: 17–21 (1996).
Kameswara Rao N, Jackson MT: Effect of planting date and harvest time on longevity of rice seeds. Seed Sci Res, in press (1996).
Kato S, Kosaka H, Hara S: On the affinity of rice varieties as shown by the fertility of rice plants. Centr Agric Inst Kyushu Imp Univ 2: 241–276 (1930).
Khush GS, Brar DS, Zapata FJ, Nelson R, McCouch S, Bottrell DG: Biotechnology for rice improvement. In: Proceedings of the Tenth Australian Plant Breeding Conference, April 18- 23, 1993, Vol. 1. Focused Plant Improvement: Towards Responsible and Sustainable Agriculture (1993).
Moore G, Devos KM, Wang Z, Gale MD: Grasses, line up and form a circle. Curr Biol 5: 737–739 (1995).
Plucknett DL, Smith NJH, Williams JT, Murthi Anishetty N: Gene Banks and the World's Food. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1987).
Second G: Geographic origins, genetic diversity and the molecular clock hypothesis in the Oryzeae. NATO Adv Stud Inst Ser G5: 41–56 (1985).
Second G, Wang ZY: Mitochondrial DNA RFLP in genus Oryza and cultivated rice. Genet Res Crop Evol 39: 125–140 (1992).
Swaminathan MS: Beyond IR36: rice research strategies for the 80s. Paper presented at the International Centers' Week, World Bank, November 10, 1982, Washington, D.C. (1982).
Vaughan DA: The genus OryzaL.: current status of taxonomy. IRRI Res Pap Ser No 138 (1989).
Vaughan DA: Choosing rice germplasm for evaluation. Euphytica 54: 147–154 (1991).
Vaughan DA: TheWild Relatives of Rice: A Genetic Resources Handbook. International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines (1994).
Vaughan DA, Jackson MT: The core as a guide to the whole collection. In: Hodgkin T, Brown AHD, van Hintum ThJL, Morales EAV (eds), Core Collections of Plant Genetic Resources, pp. 229–239. Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1995).
Virk PS, Ford-Lloyd BV, Jackson MT, Newbury HJ: The use of RAPD for the study of diversity within plant germplasm collections. Heredity 74: 170–179 (1995).
Virk PS, Ford-Lloyd BV, Jackson MT, Pooni H, Clemeno TP, Newbury HJ: Predicting quantitative traits in rice using molecular markers and diverse germplasm. Heredity 76: 296–304 (1996).
Virk PS, Newbury HJ, Jackson MT, Ford-Lloyd BV: The identification of duplicate accessions within a rice germplasm collection using RAPD analysis. Theor Appl Genet 90: 1049–1055 (1995).