Alternative hosts for functional (meta)genome analysis

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 98 - Trang 8099-8109 - 2014
Wolfgang Liebl1, Angel Angelov1, Julia Juergensen2, Jennifer Chow2, Anita Loeschcke3, Thomas Drepper3, Thomas Classen4, Jörg Pietruzska4, Armin Ehrenreich1, Wolfgang R. Streit2, Karl-Erich Jaeger3
1Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
2Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
3Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf und Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften IBG-1, Jülich, Germany
4Institut für Bioorganische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf und Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften IBG-1, Jülich, Germany

Tóm tắt

Microorganisms are ubiquitous on earth, often forming complex microbial communities in numerous different habitats. Most of these organisms cannot be readily cultivated in the laboratory using standard media and growth conditions. However, it is possible to gain access to the vast genetic, enzymatic, and metabolic diversity present in these microbial communities using cultivation-independent approaches such as sequence- or function-based metagenomics. Function-based analysis is dependent on heterologous expression of metagenomic libraries in a genetically amenable cloning and expression host. To date, Escherichia coli is used in most cases; however, this has the drawback that many genes from heterologous genomes and complex metagenomes are expressed in E. coli either at very low levels or not at all. This review emphasizes the importance of establishing alternative microbial expression systems consisting of different genera and species as well as customized strains and vectors optimized for heterologous expression of membrane proteins, multigene clusters encoding protein complexes or entire metabolic pathways. The use of alternative host-vector systems will complement current metagenomic screening efforts and expand the yield of novel biocatalysts, metabolic pathways, and useful metabolites to be identified from environmental samples.

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