Pituitary metastasis: From pathology to clinical and radiological considerations

Saeger, 2007, Pathohistological classification of pituitary tumors: 10 years of experience with the German Pituitary Tumor Registry, Eur J Endocrinol, 156, 203, 10.1530/eje.1.02326 Roessmann, 1970, Metastatic lesions in the sella turcica and pituitary gland, Cancer, 25, 478, 10.1002/1097-0142(197002)25:2<478::AID-CNCR2820250227>3.0.CO;2-X He, 2015, Metastatic involvement of the pituitary gland: a systematic review with pooled individual patient data analysis, Pituitary, 18, 159, 10.1007/s11102-014-0552-2 Komninos, 2004, Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland: case report and literature review, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 574, 10.1210/jc.2003-030395 Morita, 1998, Symptomatic pituitary metastases, J Neurosurg, 89, 69, 10.3171/jns.1998.89.1.0069 Cai, 2019, Clinical Presentation and Pathologic Characteristics of Pituitary Metastasis from Breast Carcinoma: Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature, World Neurosurg, 124, 445, 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.126 Houck, 1970, Clinical features of tumor metastasis to the pituitary, Cancer, 26, 656, 10.1002/1097-0142(197009)26:3<656::AID-CNCR2820260325>3.0.CO;2-M Sioutos, 1996, Pituitary gland metastases, Ann Surg Oncol, 3, 94, 10.1007/BF02409058 Habu, 2015, Pituitary metastases: current practice in Japan, J Neurosurg, 123, 998, 10.3171/2014.12.JNS14870 Hägerstrand, 1969, Metastases to the pituitary gland, Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 75, 64 Barbaro, 2013, Pituitary metastasis of thyroid cancer, Endocrine, 43, 485, 10.1007/s12020-012-9806-9 F. Schill M. Nilsson D.S. Olsson O. Ragnarsson K. Berinder B. Edén Engström et al. Pituitary Metastases: A Nationwide Study on Current Characteristics With Special Reference to Breast Cancer 104 8 2019 2019 3379 3388 10.1210/jc.2019-00012 Zacharia, 2015, Endoscopic Endonasal Management of Metastatic Lesions of the Anterior Skull Base: Case Series and Literature Review, World Neurosurg, 84, 1267, 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.05.061 Castle-Kirszbaum, 2018, Twelve cases of pituitary metastasis: a case series and review of the literature, Pituitary, 21, 463, 10.1007/s11102-018-0899-x Lithgow, 2020, Pituitary metastases: presentation and outcomes from a pituitary center over the last decade, Pituitary, 23, 258, 10.1007/s11102-020-01034-2 Duchen, 1966, Metastatic carcinoma in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, J Pathol Bacteriol, 91, 347, 10.1002/path.1700910208 Yap, 1979, Diabetes insipidus and breast cancer, Arch Intern Med, 139, 1009, 10.1001/archinte.1979.03630460043015 van Seters, 1985, Metastasis of an occult gastric carcinoma suggesting growth of a prolactinoma during bromocriptine therapy: a case report with a review of the literature, Neurosurgery, 16, 813, 10.1227/00006123-198506000-00014 Altay, 2012, Sellar and Parasellar Metastatic Tumors, Int J Surg Oncol, 2012, 1 A. Popławska-Kita M. Wielogórska Ł. Poplawski K. Siewko A. Adamska P. Szumowski et al. Thyroid carcinoma with atypical metastasis to the pituitary gland and unexpected postmortal diagnosis 2020 2020 10.1530/EDM-19-0148 Ramsay, 1988, Metastatic carcinoma to pituitary adenomas: a report of two cases, Exp Clin Endocrinol, 92, 69, 10.1055/s-0029-1210783 Tally, 1988, Metastases of central nervous system neoplasms, Case report. J Neurosurg, 68, 811 Ruelle, 1992, Pituitary metastases as presenting lesions of malignancy, J Neurosurg Sci, 36, 51 Smedby, 2009, Brain metastases admissions in Sweden between 1987 and 2006, Br J Cancer, 101, 1919, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605373 Lin, 2015, Treatment of Brain Metastases, J Clin Oncol, 33, 3475, 10.1200/JCO.2015.60.9503 Freda, 1999, Differential diagnosis of sellar masses, Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 28, 81, 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70058-X Nelson, 1987, Metastatic tumor of the pituitary gland, Neurosurgery, 21, 941, 10.1227/00006123-198712000-00030 Joyce, 2015, T cell exclusion, immune privilege, and the tumor microenvironment, Science, 348, 74, 10.1126/science.aaa6204 Spill, 2016, Impact of the physical microenvironment on tumor progression and metastasis, Curr Opin Biotechnol, 40, 41, 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.02.007 Sato, 2019, Analysis of Tumor Angiogenesis and Immune Microenvironment in Non-Functional Pituitary Endocrine Tumors, J Clin Med, 8, 695, 10.3390/jcm8050695 Cosío, 2003, Hypoxia inhibits expression of prolactin and secretion of cathepsin-D by the GH4C1 pituitary adenoma cell line, Lab Investig J Tech Methods Pathol, 83, 1627, 10.1097/01.LAB.0000098429.59348.36 Lu, 2009, Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: esophageal carcinoma metastatic to an intracranial paraganglioma, J Neurosurg, 110, 744, 10.3171/2008.9.JNS08397 Barry, 2019, Tumor microenvironment defines the invasive phenotype of AIP-mutation-positive pituitary tumors, Oncogene, 38, 5381, 10.1038/s41388-019-0779-5 I. Lupi L. Manetti P. Caturegli M. Menicagli M. Cosottini A. Iannelli et al. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes but not serum pituitary antibodies are associated with poor clinical outcome after surgery in patients with pituitary adenoma 95 1 2010 289 296 10.1210/jc.2009-1583 Heshmati, 1998, Prevalence of lymphocytic infiltrate in 1400 pituitary adenomas, Endocr J, 45, 357, 10.1507/endocrj.45.357 Lafont, 2010, Cellular in vivo imaging reveals coordinated regulation of pituitary microcirculation and GH cell network function, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 4465, 10.1073/pnas.0902599107 Wang, 2008, The Pattern of Visual Impairment in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma, J Int Med Res, 36, 1064, 10.1177/147323000803600525 Hinshaw, 2019, The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression, Cancer Res, 79, 4557, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3962 Ilie, 2019, The Microenvironment of Pituitary Tumors-Biological and Therapeutic Implications, Cancers, 11, 1605, 10.3390/cancers11101605 Marin, 1992, The Pituitary Gland in Patients With Breast Carcinoma: A Histologic and Immunocytochemical Study of 125 Cases, Mayo Clin Proc, 67, 949, 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)60925-2 Lu J-Q, Clark AW. Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Extracranial Tumor Metastatic to Intracranial Tumors. In: Hayat MA, editor. Tumors Cent. Nerv. Syst. Vol. 3, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2011, p. 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1399-4_4. Syed, 2018, A Comparative Report on Intracranial Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis and Collision Tumors, World Neurosurg, 116, 454, 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.109 Petraki, 2003, Tumor to tumor metastasis: report of two cases and review of the literature, Int J Surg Pathol, 11, 127, 10.1177/106689690301100214 Bret, 2001, Visceral cancer metastasis to pituitary adenoma: report of two cases, Surg Neurol, 55, 284, 10.1016/S0090-3019(01)00447-5 Campbell, 2017, Endovascular Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke Increases Disability-Free Survival, Quality of Life, and Life Expectancy and Reduces Cost, Front Neurol, 8, 10.3389/fneur.2017.00657 Fraggetta, 2000, Pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic to pituitary craniopharyngioma, J Clin Pathol, 53, 946, 10.1136/jcp.53.12.946 Lu, 2020, Intratumoral cavernous-like malformation in subependymomas, Br J Neurosurg, 34, 96, 10.1080/02688697.2017.1416065 Koutourousiou, 2010, Collision sellar lesions: experience with eight cases and review of the literature, Pituitary, 13, 8, 10.1007/s11102-009-0190-2 Lim, 2013, Visual loss from a pituitary mass: collision tumors of prostatic metastasis and suprasellar meningioma, J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg, 74, e81 Sogani, 2014, Sellar collision tumor involving metastatic lung cancer and pituitary adenoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation and review of the literature, Clin Imaging, 38, 318, 10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.12.010 Chiang, 1990, Pituitary metastases, Neurochirurgia (Stuttg), 33, 127 Scatliff, 1965, The radiological manifestations of suprasellar metastatic tissue, Clin Radiol, 16, 66, 10.1016/S0009-9260(65)80034-4 Koshimoto, 1995, MR of pituitary metastasis in a patient with diabetes insipidus, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 16, 971 Schubiger, 1992, Metastases to the pituitary–hypothalamic axis. An MR study of 7 symptomatic patients, Neuroradiology, 34, 131, 10.1007/BF00588159 Moses, 1992, Use of T1-weighted MR imaging to differentiate between primary polydipsia and central diabetes insipidus, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 13, 1273 Côté, 2014, Normal dimensions of the posterior pituitary bright spot on magnetic resonance imaging, J Neurosurg, 120, 357, 10.3171/2013.11.JNS131320 Kim, 2012, A case of pituitary metastasis from breast cancer that presented as left visual disturbance, J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 51, 94, 10.3340/jkns.2012.51.2.94 Mayr, 1993, Pituitary metastases: MR findings, J Comput Assist Tomogr, 17, 432, 10.1097/00004728-199305000-00018 Eichler, 2007, Multidisciplinary Management of Brain Metastases, Oncologist, 12, 884, 10.1634/theoncologist.12-7-884 Hwang, 2013, Differential Diagnosis and Management of a Pituitary Mass with Renal Cell Carcinoma, J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 54, 132, 10.3340/jkns.2013.54.2.132 McCormick, 1989, Metastatic Carcinoma to the Pituitary Gland, Br J Neurosurg, 3, 71, 10.3109/02688698909001028 Patchell, 2003, The management of brain metastases, Cancer Treat Rev, 29, 533, 10.1016/S0305-7372(03)00105-1 Moon, 2021, Slow-growing pituitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: literature review, World Neurosurg, 145, 416, 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.218 Ho, 2015, The Influence of Pituitary Adenoma Size on Vision and Visual Outcomes after Trans-Sphenoidal Adenectomy: A Report of 78 Cases, J Korean Neurosurg Soc, 57, 23, 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.1.23 Piedra, 2004, Resolution of diabetes insipidus following gamma knife surgery for a solitary metastasis to the pituitary stalk, Case report. J Neurosurg, 101, 1053 Mormando, 2020, A Rare Case of Pituitary Melanoma Metastasis: A Dramatic and Prolonged Response to Dabrafenib-Trametinib Therapy, Front Endocrinol, 11, 10.3389/fendo.2020.00471 Sturgeon, 1953, Treatment of thyroid cancer metastases with TSH and I131 during thyroid hormone medication, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 13, 1391, 10.1210/jcem-13-11-1391