Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

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Bielekova, 2004, Expansion and functional relevance of high-avidity myelin-specific CD4+ T cells in multiple sclerosis, J Immunol, 172, 3893, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3893

Kim, 2002, Persistence of immune responses to altered and native myelin antigens in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with altered peptide ligand, Clin Immunol, 104, 105, 10.1006/clim.2002.5258

Zhou, 2004, Specificity and degeneracy: T cell recognition in CNS autoimmunity, Mol Immunol, 40, 1057, 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.11.012

Skulina, 2004, Multiple sclerosis: brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cells persist as clonal expansions in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 2428, 10.1073/pnas.0308689100

Crawford, 2004, High prevalence of autoreactive, neuroantigen-specific CD8+ T cells in multiple sclerosis revealed by novel flow cytometric assay, Blood, 103, 4222, 10.1182/blood-2003-11-4025

Hoftberger, 2004, Expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on the different cell types in multiple sclerosis lesions, Brain Pathol, 14, 43, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00496.x

Zang, 2004, Increased CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses to myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis, J Immunol, 172, 5120, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.8.5120

Nitsch, 2004, Direct impact of T cells on neurons revealed by two-photon microscopy in living brain tissue, J Neurosci, 24, 2458, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4703-03.2004

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Aboul-Enein, 2004, Selective and antigen-dependent effects of myelin degeneration on central nervous system inflammation, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 63, 1284, 10.1093/jnen/63.12.1284

Mathey, 2004, Commentary. Sorting the wheat from the chaff: identifying demyelinating components of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific autoantibody repertoire, Eur J Immunol, 34, 2065, 10.1002/eji.200425291

Lennon, 2004, A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis, Lancet, 364, 2106, 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17551-X

Qin, 2003, Intrathecal B-cell clonal expansion, an early sign of humoral immunity, in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis, Lab Invest, 83, 1081, 10.1097/01.LAB.0000077008.24259.0D

Haubold, 2004, B-lymphocyte and plasma cell clonal expansion in monosymptomatic optic neuritis cerebrospinal fluid, Ann Neurol, 56, 97, 10.1002/ana.20152

Alotaibi, 2004, Epstein-Barr virus in pediatric multiple sclerosis, JAMA, 291, 1875, 10.1001/jama.291.15.1875

Perron, 1997, Molecular identification of a novel retrovirus repeatedly isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis. The Collaborative Research Group on Multiple Sclerosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 7583, 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7583

Nowak, 2003, Multiple sclerosis-associated virus-related pol sequences found both in multiple sclerosis and healthy donors are more frequently expressed in multiple sclerosis patients, J Neurovirol, 9, 112, 10.1080/13550280390173355

Rivest, 2003, Molecular insights on the cerebral innate immune system, Brain Behav Immun, 17, 13, 10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00055-7

Rotola, 2004, Human herpesvirus 6 infects the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients in the early stages of the disease, Mult Scler, 10, 348, 10.1191/1352458504ms1045oa

Antony, 2004, Human endogenous retrovirus glycoprotein-mediated induction of redox reactants causes oligodendrocyte death and demyelination, Nat Neurosci, 7, 1088, 10.1038/nn1319

Barnett, 2004, Relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: pathology of the newly forming lesion, Ann Neurol, 55, 458, 10.1002/ana.20016

Trapp, 2004, Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the eyes only see what the mind is prepared to comprehend, Ann Neurol, 55, 455, 10.1002/ana.20087

Sun, 2004, Characteristics of T-cell receptor repertoire and myelin-reactive T cells reconstituted from autologous haematopoietic stem-cell grafts in multiple sclerosis, Brain, 127, 996, 10.1093/brain/awh117

Coles, 2004, Campath-1H treatment of multiple sclerosis: lessons from the bedside for the bench, Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 106, 270, 10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.02.013

Nowaczyk, 1997, Immunoablation does not delay the neurologic progression of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, J Pediatr, 131, 453, 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)80076-5

Barcellos, 2004, Linkage and association with the NOS2A locus on chromosome 17q11 in multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 55, 793, 10.1002/ana.20092

Silversides, 2004, Influence of CCR5 delta32 polymorphism on multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease course, Mult Scler, 10, 149, 10.1191/1352458504ms994oa

Enzinger, 2004, Accelerated evolution of brain atrophy and “black holes” in MS patients with APOE-epsilon 4, Ann Neurol, 55, 563, 10.1002/ana.20027

Dyment, 2004, Genetics of multiple sclerosis, Lancet Neurol, 3, 104, 10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00663-X

Achiron, 2004, Blood transcriptional signatures of multiple sclerosis: unique gene expression of disease activity, Ann Neurol, 55, 410, 10.1002/ana.20008

Karman, 2004, Initiation of immune responses in brain is promoted by local dendritic cells, J Immunol, 173, 2353, 10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2353

Lovett-Racke, 2004, Silencing T-bet defines a critical role in the differentiation of autoreactive T lymphocytes, Immunity, 21, 719, 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.09.010

Duddy, 2004, Distinct profiles of human B cell effector cytokines: a role in immune regulation?, J Immunol, 172, 3422, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3422

Viglietta, 2004, Loss of functional suppression by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis, J Exp Med, 199, 971, 10.1084/jem.20031579

Takahashi, 2004, The regulatory role of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis, Brain, 127, 1917, 10.1093/brain/awh219

Antel, 2004, Multiple sclerosis and immune regulatory cells, Brain, 127, 1915, 10.1093/brain/awh272

Biernacki, 2004, Regulation of cellular and molecular trafficking across human brain endothelial cells by Th1- and Th2-polarized lymphocytes, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 63, 223, 10.1093/jnen/63.3.223

Wong, 1999, In vitro adhesion and migration of T lymphocytes across monolayers of human brain microvessel endothelial cells: regulation by ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and PECAM-1, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 58, 138, 10.1097/00005072-199902000-00004

Carman, 2004, A transmigratory cup in leukocyte diapedesis both through individual vascular endothelial cells and between them, J Cell Biol, 167, 377, 10.1083/jcb.200404129

Miller, 2003, A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N Engl J Med, 348, 15, 10.1056/NEJMoa020696

Seguin, 2003, Regulation and functional effects of monocyte migration across human brain-derived endothelial cells, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 62, 412, 10.1093/jnen/62.4.412

Kraus, 2004, Interferon-beta stabilizes barrier characteristics of brain endothelial cells in vitro, Ann Neurol, 56, 192, 10.1002/ana.20161

David, 2003, Molecular approaches to spinal cord repair, Annu Rev Neurosci, 26, 411, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.043002.094946

Matzinger, 2002, The danger model: a renewed sense of self, Science, 296, 301, 10.1126/science.1071059

Chan, 2003, Phagocytosis of apoptotic inflammatory cells by microglia and its therapeutic implications: termination of CNS autoimmune inflammation and modulation by interferon-beta, Glia, 43, 231, 10.1002/glia.10258

Williams, 1994, Activation of adult human derived microglia by myelin phagocytosis in vitro, J Neurosci Res, 38, 433, 10.1002/jnr.490380409

Chakfe, 2002, ADP and AMP induce interleukin-1beta release from microglial cells through activation of ATP-primed P2X7 receptor channels, J Neurosci, 22, 3061, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03061.2002

Kim, 2004, Type 2 monocyte and microglia differentiation mediated by glatiramer acetate therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis, J Immunol, 172, 7144, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7144

Metz, 2004, Minocycline reduces gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 55, 756, 10.1002/ana.20111

Yong, 2004, The promise of minocycline in neurology, Lancet Neurol, 3, 744, 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00937-8

Suter, 2003, The brain as an immune privileged site: dendritic cells of the central nervous system inhibit T cell activation, Eur J Immunol, 33, 2998, 10.1002/eji.200323611

Plumb, 2003, CD83-positive dendritic cells are present in occasional perivascular cuffs in multiple sclerosis lesions, Mult Scler, 9, 142, 10.1191/1352458503ms890oa

Serafini, 2004, Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, Brain Pathol, 14, 164, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x

Corcione, 2004, Recapitulation of B cell differentiation in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 11064, 10.1073/pnas.0402455101

Bo, 2003, Subpial demyelination in the cerebral cortex of multiple sclerosis patients, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 62, 723, 10.1093/jnen/62.7.723

Ehling, 2004, Increased frequencies of serum antibodies to neurofilament light in patients with primary chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, Mult Scler, 10, 601, 10.1191/1352458504ms1100oa

Sueoka, 2004, Autoantibodies against heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein B1 in CSF of MS patients, Ann Neurol, 56, 778, 10.1002/ana.20276

Wosik, 2003, Oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis: a role for p53, J Neurochem, 85, 635, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01674.x

Craner, 2004, Molecular changes in neurons in multiple sclerosis: altered axonal expression of Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 sodium channels and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 8168, 10.1073/pnas.0402765101

Bechtold, 2004, Axonal protection using flecainide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Ann Neurol, 55, 607, 10.1002/ana.20045

Cid, 2004, Antibodies reactive to heat shock protein 90 induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell death in culture. Implications for demyelination in multiple sclerosis, FASEB J, 18, 409, 10.1096/fj.03-0606fje

Niehaus, 2000, Patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis synthesize antibodies recognizing oligodendrocyte progenitor cell surface protein: implications for remyelination, Ann Neurol, 48, 362, 10.1002/1531-8249(200009)48:3<362::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-6

Follett, 2004, Glutamate receptor-mediated oligodendrocyte toxicity in periventricular leukomalacia: a protective role for topiramate, J Neurosci, 24, 4412, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0477-04.2004

Wosik, 2004, Resistance of human adult oligodendrocytes to AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated glutamate injury, Brain, 127, 2636, 10.1093/brain/awh302

Petratos, 2004, Expression of the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor, p75(NTR), is upregulated by oligodendroglial progenitors adjacent to the subventricular zone in response to demyelination, Glia, 48, 64, 10.1002/glia.20056

Althaus, 2004, Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: a new role for neurotrophins?, Prog Brain Res, 146, 415, 10.1016/S0079-6123(03)46026-3

Hempstead, 2002, Neurobiology. A glial spin on neurotrophins, Science, 298, 1184, 10.1126/science.1078709