Acute toxicity of some treatments commonly used by the salmonid aquaculture industry to Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor: Whole sediment bioassay tests

Allen, 2007, Development and application of long-term sublethal whole sediment tests with Arenicola marina and Corophium volutator using Ivermectin as the test compound, Environ. Pollut., 146, 92, 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.007 Bat, 1998, Sediment toxicity testing: a bioassay approach using the amphipod Corophium volutator and the polychaete Arenicola marina, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 226, 217, 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00249-9 Bebak-Williams, 2002, Oxytetracycline residues in a freshwater recirculating system, Aquaculture, 205, 221, 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00690-1 Braithwaite, 2007, Biofouling of salmon cage netting and the efficacy of a typical copper-based antifoulant, Aquaculture, 226, 219, 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.11.027 Bright, D.A., Dionne, S., 2005. Use of emamectin benzoate in the Canadian finfish aquaculture industry: a review of environmental fate and effects. Environment Canada: http://www.pyr.ec.gc.ca/georgiaBasin/resources/publications/SciTechReports/EC-GB-04-84_e.pdf. Brooks, 2003, Interactions of Atlantic salmon in the Pacific Northwest environment III. Accumulation of zinc and copper, Fish. Res., 62, 295, 10.1016/S0165-7836(03)00065-1 Burridge, 2000, The lethality of the cypermethrin formulation Excis® to larval and post-larval stages of the American lobster (Homarus americanus), Aquaculture, 182, 37, 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00252-5 Burridge, 2004, Acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate (SLICE™) in fish feed to American lobster, Homarus americanus, Aquac. Res., 35, 713, 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01093.x Canty, 2007, Sublethal impact of short term exposure to the organophosphate pesticide azamethiphos in the marine mollusc Mytilus edulis, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 54, 396, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.11.013 Capone, 1996, Antibacterial residues in marine sediments and invertebrates following chemotherapy in aquaculture, Aquaculture, 145, 55, 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01330-0 Ciarelli, 1997, Reproducibility of spiked-sediment bioassays using the marine benthic amphipod, Corophium volutator, Mar. Environ. Res., 43, 329, 10.1016/S0141-1136(96)00095-5 Costello, 2001, The control of chemicals used in aquaculture in Europe, J. Appl. Ichthyol., 17, 173, 10.1046/j.1439-0426.2001.00314.x Coyne, 2001, The fate of oxytetracycline in the marine environment of a salmon cage farm, Mar. Envir. Health Ser., 3, 1 Crane, 2006, Review of environmental quality standards (EQSs) for use in assimilative capacity model development Davies, 2001, Targeted environmental monitoring for the effects of medicines used to treat sea-lice infestation on farmed fish, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 58, 477, 10.1006/jmsc.2000.1040 Dean, 2007, Copper, zinc and cadmium in marine cage fish farm sediments: an extensive survey, Environ. Pollut., 145, 84, 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.050 Ernst, 2001, Dispersion and toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms of pesticides used to treat sea lice on salmon in net pen enclosures, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 42, 433, 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00177-6 FAO, 2002 FAO, 2006. Sate of World Aquaculture 2006. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 500. FAO, Rome, 134. Gerino, 2003, Macro-invertebrate functional groups in freshwater and marine sediments: a common mechanistic classification, Vie Milieu, 53, 221 Gorman, 1993, The Ythan estuary, Biologist, 40, 10 Grant, 2002, Medicines for sea lice, Pest Manag. Sci., 58, 521, 10.1002/ps.481 Hamilton, 1977, Trimmed Spearman–Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays, Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, 714, 10.1021/es60130a004 Ieno, 2006, How biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning: roles of infaunal species richness, identity and density in the marine benthos, Mar. Ecol., Prog. Ser., 311, 263, 10.3354/meps311263 Johnson, 2004, A review of the impact of parasitic copepods on marine aquaculture, Zool. Stud., 43, 229 Jones, 2002, Towards selective breeding of Atlantic salmon for sea louse resistance: approaches to identify trait markers, Pest Manag. Sci., 58, 559, 10.1002/ps.511 Kater, 2000, Seasonal changes in acute toxicity of cadmium to amphipod Corophium volutator, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 3032, 10.1002/etc.5620191224 Kater, 2006, Ammonium toxicity at high pH in a marine bioassay using Corophium volutator, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 21, 347, 10.1007/s00244-005-0163-z Kerry, 1996, Spatial distribution of oxytetracycline and elevated frequencies of oxytetracycline resistance in sediments beneath a marine salmon farm following Oxytetracycline therapy, Aquaculture, 145, 31, 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01353-1 Lorentzen, 1998, Supplementing copper to a fish meal based diet fed to Atlantic salmon parr affects liver copper and selenium concentrations, Aquac. Nutr., 4, 67, 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00046.x Maund, 2002, Partitioning, bioavailability and toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin in sediments, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 9, 10.1002/etc.5620210102 McHenery, 1995, Review of environmental data relating to the use of cypermethrin formulated as GPRD01 as a bath treatment for salmon, Inveresk Research International Project 384259 McHenery, J.G., Mackie, C., 1999. SCH001R5 Revised expert report on the impacts of emamectin benzoate formulated as Slice® for salmonids. CORDAH Environmental Management Consultants. Mente, 2006, Effect of feed and feeding in the culture of salmonids on the marine aquatic environment: a synthesis for European aquaculture, Aquac. Int., 14, 499, 10.1007/s10499-006-9051-4 Northcott, 2000, Spiking hydrophobic organic compounds into soil and sediment: a review and critique of adopted procedures, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 2418, 10.1002/etc.5620191005 Ozoh, 1992, The effects of salinity, temperature and sediment on the toxicity of copper to juvenile Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor (O.F. Muller), Environ. Monit. Assess., 21, 1, 10.1007/BF00400052 Ozoh, 1994, The effect of salinity, temperature and time on the accumulation and depuration of copper in ragworm, Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor (O.F. Muller), Environ. Monit. Assess., 29, 155, 10.1007/BF00546872 Pike, 1999, Sealice on salmonids: their biology and control, Adv. Parasitol., 44, 234 Quinn, 2002 Raynard, 2002, Development of vaccines against sea lice, Pest Manage. Sci., 58, 569, 10.1002/ps.474 RIKZ, 1999. The 10-day marine amphipod Corophium volutator mortality sediment toxicity test. Standard operating procedures, Nr: SPECIES-01. National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management/RIKZ. Roth, 2000, The availability and use of chemotherapeutic sea lice control products, Contrib. Zool., 69, 109, 10.1163/18759866-0690102012 Roth, 1993, Current practises in the chemotherapeutic control of sea lice infestations in aquaculture: a review, J. Fish. Dis., 16, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1993.tb00844.x Scartlett, 2007, Method for assessing the chronic toxicity of marine and estuarine sediment-associated contaminants using the amphipod Corophium volutator, Mar. Environ. Res., 63, 457, 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.12.006 SEPA, 1997. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Policy No. 17. Cage fish farms: sea lice treatment chemicals risk assessment of azamethiphos (available from: http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2004/524/5240170.pdf). SEPA, 1998. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Policy No. 30. SEPA policy on the use of cypermethrin in marine cage fish farming. Risk Assessment, EQS and Recommendations (available from: http://govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2003/1025/10250030.pdf). SEPA, 1999. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Emamectin benzoate: an environmental risk assessment (Available from: http://www.sepa.org.uk/pdf/aquaculture/policies/emamectin_benzoate.pdf). SEPA, 2004a. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. The occurrence of chemicals used in sea louse treatments in sediments adjacent to marine fish farms: results of monitoring surveys carried out by SEPA in 2001 & 2002 (Available from: http://www.govdocs.aquake.org/cgi/reprint/2004/524/5240240.pdf). SEPA, 2004b. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. The occurrence of chemicals used in sea louse treatments in sediments adjacent to marine fish farms: results of screening surveys during 2003. Report TR-040430JBT (Available from: http://www.sepa.org.uk/pdf/aquaculture/projects/TR-040430JBT.pdf). SEPA, 2005a. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. Regulation and monitoring of marine cage fish farming in Scotland — a manual of procedures (available from: http://www.sepa.org.uk/guidance/fishfarmmanual/manual.asp). SEPA, 2005b. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. The occurrence of chemicals used in sea louse treatments in sediments adjacent to marine fish farms: results of screening surveys during 2004. Report TR-050202JBT (Available from: http://www.sepa.org.uk/pdf/aquaculture/projects/TR-050202JBT.pdf). SEPA, 2006. Scottish Environment Protection Agency. The occurrence of chemicals used in sea louse treatments in sediments adjacent to marine fish farms: results of screening surveys during 2005. Report TR-060830JBT (Available from: http://www.sepa.org.uk/pdf/aquaculture/projects/TR-060830_JBT.pdf). Smith, 1996, Is sediment deposition the dominant fate of oxytetracycline use in marine salmonid farms: a review of the available evidence, Aquaculture, 146, 157, 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01382-8 Sokal, 1995 Solberg, 2002, The effect of copper-treated net pens on farmed salmon (Salmo salar) and other marine organisms and sediments, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 45, 126, 10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00296-X SPAH, 2002. Schering-plough animal health technical report. Potential environmental impacts of emamectin benzoate, formulated as SLICE, for salmonids. (Available at: http://www.spaquaculture.com/assets/1-28FINALenvrofnl.pdf). Stronkhorst, 2004, Inter-laboratory comparison of five marine bioassays for evaluating the toxicity of dredged material, Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manage., 7, 147, 10.1080/14634980490281579 Traunspurger, 1996, Toxicity analysis of freshwater and marine sediments with meio- and macrobenthic organisms: a review, Hydrobiol., 328, 215, 10.1007/BF00017632 Treasurer, 2002, A review of the potential pathogens of sea lice and the application of cleaner fish in biological control, Pest Manage. Sci., 58, 546, 10.1002/ps.509 Underwood, 1997 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006. Statistical analysis for biological methods (available at: http://www.epa.gov/nerleerd/stat2.htm, accessed 26th December, 2006). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994. Methods for assessing the toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants with estuarine and marine amphipods, EPA 600/R-94/025. Waddy, 2007, Relationship between dose of emamectin benzoate and molting response of ovigerous American lobsters (Homarus americanus), Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 67, 95, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.05.002 Wang, 1999, Biological implications of sulfide in sediment — a review focusing on sediment toxicity, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 2526 Weis, 1957, Solubility of antibiotics in twenty-four solvents, Antibiot. Chemother., 7, 374 Willis, 2003, The toxicity of emamectin benzoate, an aquaculture pesticide, to planktonic marine copepods, Aquaculture, 221, 289, 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00066-8 Willis, 2004, Toxicity of the aquaculture pesticide cypermethrin to planktonic marine copepods, Aquac. Res., 35, 263, 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01008.x Willis, 2005, Sea lice treatments on salmon farms have no adverse effect on zooplankton communities: a case study, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 50, 806, 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.02.001 Wollenberger, 2000, Acute and chronic toxicity of veterinary antibiotics to Daphnia magna, Chemosphere, 40, 723, 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00443-9 1991 Zar, 1999 Zhou, 1995, Influence of the nature of particulate organic matter on the sorption of cypermethrin: implications on KOC correlations, Environ. Int., 21, 187, 10.1016/0160-4120(95)00008-9