Domestic wastewater treatment performance using constructed wetland
Tóm tắt
Constructed wetlands are treatment systems that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial assemblages to improve water quality. These systems can be used commercially for efficient biological treatment of wastewater, and it will also act as a better eco-friendly method when compared with other conventional treatment methods. A constructed wetland pilot scale unit was constructed in the SRM University campus which was allowed to treat wastewater from the sewage treatment plant III. The pilot scale unit was designed based on EPA and CPCB guidelines. The dimension of the constructed wetland was 250 × 150 × 80 cm with a slope of 0.01 (1 %). The design is as per Darcy’s law. The wetland unit has a cross section of 3.75 m2 and has been designed with hydraulic loading of 0.8 m3/(m2/day) and recommended flow of 3 m3/day. The retention time provided for the unit was 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Phragmites australis also known as common reed was the wetland plant species planted in the unit. Six field trials were carried out during the project and with average removal efficiencies of 75.99 % for BOD, 76.16 % for COD, 57.34 % for TDS, 62.08 % for Nitrate, 58.03 % for Phosphate, 57.83 % for Potassium.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Adeniran AE, Aina AT, Oshunrinade OO, Oyelowo MA (2012) Assessment of the efficiency of constructed wetland in domestic wastewater treatment at the university of Lagos, Nigeria. J Sustain Dev Environ Prot 2:252–256
Akratos CS, Papaspyros JNE, Tsihrintzis VA (2008) Artificial neural network use in ortho-phosphate and total phosphorus removal prediction in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Bio Syst Eng 100:1–12
Cavusoglu K, Yapar K, Kinalioglu K, Turkmen Z, Cavusoglu K, Yalcin E (2010) Protective role of Ginkgo biloba on petroleum wastewater-induced toxicity in Viciafaba L. (Fabaceae) root tip cells. J Environ Biol 31:319–324
EPA Manual (2004) Guidelines for water reuse, EPA/625/R-04/108. Accessed Sept 2004
Deepak M, Sudarasan JS, Deeptha VT, Baskar G (2012) Low cost dairy wastewater treatment using constructed wetland. J Inst Public Health Eng 3:55–60
Kadlec RH, Knight RL (1996) Treatment wetlands. Lewis Publishers, London
Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Danny LG, Hafizah S (2011) Semi-batch operated constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis for treatment of dyeing wastewater. J Eng Sci Technol 6:619–627
Sudarsan J, Prasanna K, Ranganathan K, Nithiyanatham S (2014) Comparative study of electricity production and treatment of different waste water using microbial fuel cell (MFC). Environ Earth Sci 73(5):2409–2413
United Nations Human settlement programme’ constructed wetlands manual (2008)
Vymazal J (2004) Removal of phosphorus in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow in the Czech Republic. Water Air Soil Pollut 4:657–670
Vymazal J (2007) Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 380:48–65
Vymazal J, Krasa P (2003) Distribution of Mn, Al, Cu and Zn in a constructed wetland receiving municipal sewage. Wat Sci Tech 48(5):299–305