Cutaneous tuberculosis: A great imitator

Ankrah, 2018, Tuberculosis, Semin Nucl Med, 48, 108, 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.10.005 World Health Organization Mehta, 2012, Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by PCR, FEMS Immunol Med Mic, 66, 20, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00987.x Naing, 2013, Meta-analysis: the association between HIV infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Lung, 191, 27, 10.1007/s00408-012-9440-6 van Zyl, 2015, Cutaneous tuberculosis overview and current treatment regimens, Tuberculosis, 95, 629, 10.1016/j.tube.2014.12.006 Santos, 2014, Cutaneous tuberculosis: epidemiologic, etiopathogenic and clinical aspects—part I, An Bras Dermatol, 89, 219, 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142334 Sehgal, 1994, Cutaneous tuberculosis: the evolving scenario, Int J Dermatol, 33, 97, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01534.x Dias, 2014, Update on cutaneous tuberculosis, An Bras Dermatol, 89, 925, 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142998 Arias Guillen, 2011, Advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, Arch Bronconeumol, 47, 521, 10.1016/j.arbr.2011.06.011 Teixeira, 2007, Immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis: problems and strategies for success, J Bras Pneumol, 33, 323, 10.1590/S1806-37132007000300015 Gopinathan, 2001, Clinical and morphological variants of cutaneous tuberculosis and its relation to Mycobacterium species, Indian J Med Microbl, 19, 193 Zhang, 2018, Cutaneous tuberculosis in China—a multicentre retrospective study of cases diagnosed between 1957 and 2013, J Eur Acad Dermatol, 32, 632, 10.1111/jdv.14851 Ho, 2006, Cutaneous tuberculosis in Hong Kong: an update, Hong Kong Med J, 12, 272 Bravo, 2007, Cutaneous tuberculosis, Clin Dermatol, 25, 173, 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2006.05.005 Sethuraman, 2013, Cutaneous tuberculosis in children, Pediatr Dermatol, 30, 7, 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01794.x Santos, 2014, Cutaneous tuberculosis: diagnosis, histopathology and treatment—part II, An Bras Dermatol, 89, 545, 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142747 Almaguer-Chavez, 2009, Current panorama in the diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis, Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas, 100, 562, 10.1016/S0001-7310(09)71904-0 Zhang, 2005, Retrospective analysis of 28 cutaneous tuberculosis cases, China J Lepr Skin Dis, 21, 108 Lai-Cheong, 2007, Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis, Clin Exp Dermatol, 32, 461, 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02352.x Reich, 2006, Psoriasiform lupus vulgaris with 30 years duration, Scand J Infect Dis, 38, 556, 10.1080/00365540500404045 Padmavathy, 2008, Psoriasiform lupus vulgaris, Indian J Tuberc, 55, 97 Prendiville, 1989, Psoriasiform plaque on the buttock. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, Arch Dermatol, 115, 125 Kumar, 2011, Psoriasiform type of lichen scrofulosorum: clue to disseminated tuberculosis, Pediatr Dermatol, 28, 532, 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01304.x Pleimes, 2009, Lichen simplex chronicus of the anal region and its differential diagnoses: a case series, Hautarzt, 60, 907, 10.1007/s00105-009-1728-y Heo, 2010, Annular lupus vulgaris mimicking tinea cruris, Ann Dermatol, 22, 226, 10.5021/ad.2010.22.2.226 Burkhart, 1982, Erythema annulare centrifugum: a case due to tuberculosis, Int J Dermatol, 21, 538, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1982.tb01199.x Shabbir, 1984, Erythema annulare centrifugum, angio-oedema in lupus vulgaris, J Pak Med Assoc, 34, 276 Sehgal, 1991, Lupus vulgaris simulating discoid lupus erythematosus, Int J Dermatol, 30, 498, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1991.tb04870.x Verma, 2017, A rare case of unilateral discoid lupus erythematosus mimicking lupus vulgaris, BMJ Case Rep, 8, 2017 Kaplan, 1989, Pityriasis rosea-like eruption associated with BCG vaccination, Isr J Med Sci, 25, 570 Weiss, 1991, Pigmented lesions in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. Pityriasis rotunda, Arch Dermatol, 127, 1221, 1224, 10.1001/archderm.1991.01680070125022 Singhal, 2012, Lichen scrofulosorum: a diagnosis overlooked, Indian J Dermatol, 3, 190, 10.4103/2229-5178.101817 Kondo, 2018, Case of lichenoid-lichen scrofulosorum: a rare variety of lichen scrofulosorum mimicking lichen planus in an elderly patient, J Dermatol, 45, e148, 10.1111/1346-8138.14184 Camacho, 2011, Lichen scrofulosorum mimicking lichen planus, Am J Dermatol, 33, 186, 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181da96aa Tsai, 2007, Cutaneous tuberculid clinically resembling generalized granuloma annulare, Clin Exp Dermatol, 32, 450, 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02406.x Otto, 2009, Scrofuloderma associated with granuloma annulare-like lichen scrofulosorum, Acta Derm Venereol, 89, 640, 10.2340/00015555-0717 Nagase, 2011, Generalized granuloma annulare following BCG vaccination, mimicking papular tuberculid, Eur J Dermatol, 21, 1001, 10.1684/ejd.2011.1512 Jordaan, 1996, Papulonecrotic tuberculid in children: a report of eight patients, Am J Dermatopath, 18, 172, 10.1097/00000372-199604000-00011 Asiniwasis, 2015, Molluscum-like papules as a presentation of early papulonecrotic tuberculid in association with nodular tuberculid in a male with asymptomatic active pulmonary tuberculosis, J Cutan Med Surg, 19, 159, 10.2310/7750.2014.14035 Pandhi, 1997, Pityriasis lichenoides chronica in association with tubercular lymphadenitis, Indian J Dermatol Venereo Lepro, 63, 314 Pereira, 2013, Perforating granuloma annulare mimicking papulonecrotic tuberculid, An Bras Dermatol, 88, 101, 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132510 High, 2004, Cutaneous miliary tuberculosis in two patients with HIV infection, J Am Acad Dermatol, 50, S110, 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.09.020 Schermer, 1969, Tuberculosis cutis miliaris acuta generalisata. Report of a case in an adult and review of the literature, Arch Dermatol, 99, 64, 10.1001/archderm.1969.01610190070013 Larcher, 2016, A case of miliary tuberculosis presenting with whitlow of the thumb, Acta Derm Venereol, 96, 560, 10.2340/00015555-2285 Mert, 2000, Tuberculous subcutaneous abscesses developing during miliary tuberculosis therapy, Scan J Infect Dis, 32, 37, 10.1080/00365540050164191 del Giudice, 2000, Unusual cutaneous manifestations of miliary tuberculosis, Clin Infect Dis, 30, 201, 10.1086/313587 Hruza, 1989, Disseminated lupus vulgaris presenting as granulomatous folliculitis, Int J Dermatol, 28, 388, 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1989.tb02486.x Baveja, 2010, Foot ulcer caused by multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a diabetic patient, J Med Microbiol, 59, 1247, 10.1099/jmm.0.019554-0 Jain, 2017, Tuberculosis mimicking primary systemic vasculitis: not to be missed!, Trop Dr, 47, 158, 10.1177/0049475516687432 Shinoda, 2014, Pseudo-Behçet's disease associated with tuberculosis: a case report and review of the literature, Rheumatol Int, 34, 1471, 10.1007/s00296-014-2998-y Buppasiri, 2010, Tuberculosis at vulva and vagina, J Med Assoc Thail, 93, 613 Sharma, 2012, Paucibacillary tubercular vulval ulcer in a sexually inactive pubertal girl: role of therapeutic trial, J Pediatr Adol Gynec, 25, e123, 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.07.005 Toledo-Pastrana, 2012, Tuberculosis: an unusual cause of genital ulcer, Sex Transm Dis, 39, 643, 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318251577b Stockamp, 2013, Cutaneous tuberculosis of the penis in an HIV-infected adult, Int J STD AIDS, 24, 57, 10.1258/ijsa.2012.012103 Yaghoobi, 2011, Gastrointestinal tuberculosis with anal and perianal involvement misdiagnosed as Crohn’s disease for 15 years, Acta Derm Venereol, 91, 348, 10.2340/00015555-1030 Ermertcan, 2011, Pott’s disease with scrofuloderma and psoas abscess misdiagnosed and treated as hidradenitis suppurativa, J Dermatol Treat, 22, 52, 10.3109/09546630903443365 Muller, 2008, Bilateral scrofuloderma of the axilla masquerading as hidradenitis suppurativa, Acta Derm Venereol, 88, 629, 10.2340/00015555-0531 Peters, 2012, Gluteal and perianal hidradenitis suppurativa associated with tuberulosis, Indian J Surg, 74, 194, 10.1007/s12262-011-0274-x Feuer, 1995, Erythema nodosum versus erythema induratum: a crucial distinction enabling recognition of occult tuberculosis, J Clin Rheumatol, 1, 357, 10.1097/00124743-199512000-00008 Thurber, 2006, Histopathologic spectrum of erythema nodosum, J Cutan Pathol, 33, 18, 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2006.00402.x Niemi, 1977, Nodules on the legs: a clinical, histological and immunohistological study of 82 patients representing different types of nodular panniculitis, Acta Derm Venereol, 57, 145, 10.2340/0001555557145154 Motswaledi, 2006, Superficial thrombophlebitic tuberculide, Int J Dermatol, 45, 1337, 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02763.x Hara, 1997, Nodular granulomatous phlebitis of the skin: a fourth type of tuberculid, Histopathology, 30, 129, 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1997.d01-575.x Pacheco, 2015, Cutaneous tuberculosis as metastatic tuberculous abscess, J Bras Pneumol, 41, 200, 10.1590/S1806-37132015000004388 Barbagallo, 2002, Cutaneous tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment, Am J Clin Dermatol, 3, 319, 10.2165/00128071-200203050-00004 Chin, 1999, Cutaneous tuberculosis mimicking cellulitis in an immunosuppressed patient, Singap Med J, 40, 44 Yeh, 2015, Miliary tuberculosis characterised by lipomembranous fat necrosis, Lancet Infect Dis, 15, 1497, 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00437-5 Patil, 2018, Recent therapeutic approaches for the management of tuberculosis: challenges and opportunities, Biomed Pharmacother, 99, 735, 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.115 Ezzedine, 2012, Cutaneous verrucous carcinoma arising in lupus vulgaris, J Dermatol, 39, 505, 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01383.x Sharon, 2010, Erythema induratum of Bazin, Dermatol Online J, 16, 1, 10.5070/D30PP0Q5D2