The hoverfly and the wasp: A critique of the hallmarks of aging as a paradigm

Ageing Research Reviews - Tập 70 - Trang 101407 - 2021
David Gems1, João Pedro de Magalhães2
1Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
2Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acerenza, 2016, Constraints, trade-offs and the currency of fitness, J. Mol. Evol., 82, 117, 10.1007/s00239-016-9730-3 Al Anouti, 2019, An insight into the paradigms of osteoporosis: from genetics to biomechanics, Bone Rep., 11 Armstrong, 2013, What causes Alzheimer’s disease?, Folia Neuropathol., 51, 169, 10.5114/fn.2013.37702 Aune, 2016, BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants, BMJ, 353, i2156, 10.1136/bmj.i2156 Aw, 2007, Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population, Immunology, 120, 435, 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02555.x Bana, 2019, The microbiome and aging, Annu. Rev. Genet., 53, 239, 10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043650 Barja, 2004, Free radicals and aging, Trends Neurosci., 27, 595, 10.1016/j.tins.2004.07.005 Beckman, 1998, The free radical theory of aging matures, Physiol. Rev., 78, 547, 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.2.547 Benayoun, 2015, Epigenetic regulation of ageing: linking environmental inputs to genomic stability, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 16, 593, 10.1038/nrm4048 Blagosklonny, 2006, Aging and immortality: quasi-programmed senescence and its pharmacologic inhibition, Cell Cycle, 5, 2087, 10.4161/cc.5.18.3288 Blagosklonny, 2007, Paradoxes of aging, Cell Cycle, 6, 2997, 10.4161/cc.6.24.5124 Blagosklonny, 2008, Aging: ROS or TOR, Cell Cycle, 7, 3344, 10.4161/cc.7.21.6965 Blagosklonny, 2010, Why men age faster but reproduce longer than women: mTOR and evolutionary perspectives, Aging (Albany NY), 2, 265, 10.18632/aging.100149 Blagosklonny, 2018, Does rapamycin slow down time?, Oncotarget, 9, 30210, 10.18632/oncotarget.25788 Bodnar, 1998, Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells, Science, 279, 349, 10.1126/science.279.5349.349 Brown-Borg, 1996, Dwarf mice and the ageing process, Nature, 384, 33, 10.1038/384033a0 Burton, 2018, Cellular senescence: Immunosurveillance and future immunotherapy, Ageing Res. Rev., 43, 17, 10.1016/j.arr.2018.02.001 Campisi, 2013, Aging, cellular senescence, and cancer, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 75, 685, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183653 Childs, 2017, Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 16, 718, 10.1038/nrd.2017.116 Codd, 2013, Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease, Nat. Genet., 45, 422, 10.1038/ng.2528 Comfort, 1964 de Magalhaes, 2005, Open-minded scepticism: inferring the causal mechanisms of human ageing from genetic perturbations, Ageing Res. Rev., 4, 1, 10.1016/j.arr.2004.05.003 de Magalhães, 2012, Programmatic features of aging originating in development: aging mechanisms beyond molecular damage?, FASEB J., 26, 4821, 10.1096/fj.12-210872 de Magalhaes, 2014, Why genes extending lifespan in model organisms have not been consistently associated with human longevity and what it means to translation research, Cell Cycle, 13, 2671, 10.4161/15384101.2014.950151 de Magalhaes, 2021, Longevity pharmacology comes of age, Drug Discov. Today, 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.015 de Magalhaes, 2005, Genomes optimize reproduction: aging as a consequence of the developmental program, Physiology, 20, 252, 10.1152/physiol.00010.2005 de Magalhaes, 2006, Cells discover fire: employing reactive oxygen species in development and consequences for aging, Exp. Gerontol., 41, 1, 10.1016/j.exger.2005.09.002 de Magalhaes, 2018, Stress, cell senescence and organismal ageing, Mech. Ageing Dev., 170, 2, 10.1016/j.mad.2017.07.001 de Magalhães, 2017, The business of anti-aging science, Trends Biotechnol., 35, 1062, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.07.004 Ermogenous, 2020, Treating age-related multimorbidity: the drug discovery challenge, Drug Discov. Today, 25, 1403, 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.016 Finkel, 2000, Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing, Nature, 408, 239, 10.1038/35041687 Franceschi, 2014, Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 69, S4, 10.1093/gerona/glu057 Franceschi, 2000, Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 908, 244, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x Freitas, 2011, A review and appraisal of the DNA damage theory of ageing, Mutat. Res., 728, 12, 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.05.001 Frenk, 2018, Gene expression hallmarks of cellular ageing, Biogerontology, 19, 547, 10.1007/s10522-018-9750-z Friedman, 1988, A mutation in the age-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans lengthens life and reduces hermaphrodite fertility, Genetics, 118, 75, 10.1093/genetics/118.1.75 Fulop, 2013, Human T cell aging and the impact of persistent viral infections, Front. Immunol., 4, 271, 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00271 Fulop, 2016, The role of immunosenescence in the development of age-related diseases, Rev. Invest. Clin., 68, 84 Garigan, 2002, Genetic analysis of tissue aging in Caenorhabditis elegans: a role for heat-shock factor and bacterial proliferation, Genetics, 161, 1101, 10.1093/genetics/161.3.1101 Gems, 2015, The aging-disease false dichotomy: understanding senescence as pathology, Front. Genet., 6, 212, 10.3389/fgene.2015.00212 Gems, 2013, Alternative perspectives on aging in C. elegans: reactive oxygen species or hyperfunction?, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 19, 321, 10.1089/ars.2012.4840 Gems, 2009, Antioxidant defense and aging in C. elegans: is the oxidative damage theory of aging wrong?, Cell Cycle, 8, 1681, 10.4161/cc.8.11.8595 Gems, 2013, Genetics of longevity in model organisms: debates and paradigm shifts, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 75, 621, 10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183712 Gems, 2020 Gladyshev, 2016, Aging: progressive decline in fitness due to the rising deleteriome adjusted by genetic, environmental, and stochastic processes, Aging Cell, 15, 594, 10.1111/acel.12480 Gladyshev, 2016, A disease or not a disease? Aging as a pathology, Trends Mol. Med., 22, 995, 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.009 Glocker, 2006, Rheumatoid arthritis, a complex multifactorial disease: on the way toward individualized medicine, Med. Res. Rev., 26, 63, 10.1002/med.20045 Glyn-Jones, 2015, Osteoarthritis, Lancet, 386, 376, 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60802-3 Hamilton, 1966, The moulding of senescence by natural selection, J. Theor. Biol., 12, 12, 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6 Hanahan, 2000, The hallmarks of cancer, Cell, 100, 57, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9 Hanahan, 2011, Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation, Cell, 144, 646, 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013 Harman, 1956, Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry, J. Gerontol., 11, 298, 10.1093/geronj/11.3.298 Hayflick, 2007, Entropy explains aging, genetic determinism explains longevity, and undefined terminology explains misunderstanding both, PLoS Genet., 3, e220, 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030220 Hayflick, 1961, The serial cultivation of human diploid stem cells, Exp. Cell Res., 25, 585, 10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6 Hernandez-Segura, 2018, Hallmarks of cellular senescence, Trends Cell Biol., 28, 436, 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.02.001 Higashi, 2019, IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease, Growth Horm. IGF Res., 45, 6, 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.01.002 Holliday, 1989, Food, reproduction and longevity: is the extended lifespan of calorie-restricted animals an evolutionary adaptation?, BioEssays, 10, 125, 10.1002/bies.950100408 Horvath, 2013, DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types, Genome Biol., 14, R115, 10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115 Horvath, 2018, DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing, Nat. Rev. Genet., 19, 371, 10.1038/s41576-018-0004-3 Huertas, 2011, COPD: a multifactorial systemic disease, Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis., 5, 217, 10.1177/1753465811400490 Jagannathan, 2016, Oxidative stress under ambient and physiological oxygen tension in tissue culture, Curr. Pharmacol. Rep., 2, 64, 10.1007/s40495-016-0050-5 Johnson, 1988, Radiation effects on life span in Caenorhabditis elegans, J. Gerontol., 43, B137, 10.1093/geronj/43.5.B137 Kapahi, 2010, With TOR, less is more: a key role for the conserved nutrient-sensing TOR pathway in aging, Cell Metab., 11, 453, 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.05.001 Kennedy, 2014, Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease, Cell, 159, 709, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.039 Kenyon, 2010, The genetics of ageing, Nature, 464, 504, 10.1038/nature08980 Kim, 2019, Role of hypothalamus in aging and its underlying cellular mechanisms, Mech. Ageing Dev., 177, 74, 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.008 Kirkwood, 2005, Understanding the odd science of aging, Cell, 120, 437, 10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.027 Kirkwood, 2000, Why do we age?, Nature, 408, 233, 10.1038/35041682 Kirkwood, 1979, The evolution of ageing and longevity, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., 205, 97 Kuhn, 1962 Labbadia, 2015, Repression of the heat shock response is a programmed event at the onset of reproduction, Mol. Cell, 59, 639, 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.027 Lapointe, 2010, When a theory of aging ages badly, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 67, 1, 10.1007/s00018-009-0138-8 López-Otín, 2013, The hallmarks of aging, Cell, 153, 1194, 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039 Maklakov, 2019, Evolution of ageing as a tangle of trade-offs: energy versus function, Proc. Biol. Sci., 286 Masoro, 1995, Dietary restriction, Exp. Gerontol., 30, 291, 10.1016/0531-5565(94)00028-2 Masoro, 1996, The evolution of the antiaging action of dietary restriction: a hypothesis, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 51, B387, 10.1093/gerona/51A.6.B387 Mattson, 2018, Hallmarks of brain aging: adaptive and pathological modification by metabolic states, Cell Metab., 27, 1176, 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.011 Medawar, 1952 Meiners, 2015, Hallmarks of the ageing lung, Eur. Respir. J., 45, 807, 10.1183/09031936.00186914 Nesse, 1994 Niedernhofer, 2018, Nuclear genomic instability and aging, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 87, 295, 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012239 Olovnikov, 1996, Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: origin of the theory, Exp. Gerontol., 31, 443, 10.1016/0531-5565(96)00005-8 Orgel, 1963, The maintenance of the accuracy of protein synthesis and its relevance to aging, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 49, 517, 10.1073/pnas.49.4.517 Partridge, 1993, Optimality, mutation and the evolution of ageing, Nature, 362, 305, 10.1038/362305a0 Pearl, 1928 Perez, 2009, Is the oxidative stress theory of aging dead?, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1790, 1005, 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.06.003 Powers, 2006, Extension of chronological life span in yeast by decreased TOR pathway signaling, Genes Dev., 20, 174, 10.1101/gad.1381406 Schumacher, 2021, The central role of DNA damage in the ageing process, Nature, 592, 695, 10.1038/s41586-021-03307-7 Selman, 2008, Evidence for lifespan extension and delayed age-related biomarkers in insulin receptor substrate 1 null mice, FASEB J., 22, 807, 10.1096/fj.07-9261com Shore, 2013, A cytoprotective perspective on longevity regulation, Trends Cell Biol., 23, 409, 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.007 Sohal, 1996, Oxidative stress, caloric restriction, and aging, Science, 273, 59, 10.1126/science.273.5271.59 Tatar, 2003, The endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals, Science, 299, 1346, 10.1126/science.1081447 Tsang, 2007, Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) for health and diseases, Drug Discov. Today, 12, 112, 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.12.008 van Deursen, 2014, The role of senescent cells in ageing, Nature, 509, 439, 10.1038/nature13193 Van Raamsdonk, 2010, Reactive oxygen species and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans: causal or casual relationship?, Antioxid. Redox Signal., 13, 1911, 10.1089/ars.2010.3215 von Zglinicki, 1995, Mild hyperoxia shortens telomeres and inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts: a model for senescence?, Exp. Cell Res., 220, 186, 10.1006/excr.1995.1305 von Zglinicki, 2001, Stress, DNA damage and ageing -- an integrative approach, Exp. Gerontol., 36, 1049, 10.1016/S0531-5565(01)00111-5 Williams, 1957, Pleiotropy, natural selection and the evolution of senescence, Evolution, 11, 398, 10.2307/2406060 Xia, 2016, An update on inflamm-aging: mechanisms, prevention, and treatment, J. Immunol. Res., 2016, 10.1155/2016/8426874