Hruska KA, Teitelbaum SL (1995) Renal osteodystrophy. N Engl J Med 333(3):166–174
Malluche HH, Mawad HW, Monier-Faugere MC (2011) Renal osteodystrophy in the first decade of the new millennium: analysis of 630 bone biopsies in black and white patients. J Bone Miner Res 26(6):1368–1376
LaClair RE, Hellman RN, Karp SL, Kraus M, Ofner S, Li Q et al (2005) Prevalence of calcidiol deficiency in CKD: a cross-sectional study across latitudes in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 45(6):1026–1033
Dey V, Farrah TE, Traynor JP, Spalding EM, Robertson SE, Geddes CC (2017) Symptomatic fracture risk in the renal replacement therapy population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(7):1211–1216
Daya NR, Voskertchian A, Schneider AL, Ballew S, DeMarco MM, Coresh J et al (2016) Kidney function and fracture risk: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis 67(2):218–226
Nickolas TL, McMahon DJ, Shane E (2006) Relationship between moderate to severe kidney disease and hip fracture in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol 17(11):3223–3232
Ball AM, Gillen DL, Sherrard D, Weiss NS, Emerson SS, Seliger SL et al (2002) Risk of hip fracture among dialysis and renal transplant recipients. JAMA 288(23):3014–3018
Kim SM, Long J, Montez-Rath M, Leonard M, Chertow GM (2016) Hip fracture in patients with non-dialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease. J Bone Miner Res 31(10):1803–1809
Iimori S, Mori Y, Akita W, Kuyama T, Takada S, Asai T et al (2012) Diagnostic usefulness of bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in predicting fracture in CKD stage 5D patients—a single-center cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27(1):345–351
Naylor KL, Garg AX, Zou G, Langsetmo L, Leslie WD, Fraser LA et al (2015) Comparison of fracture risk prediction among individuals with reduced and normal kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10(4):646–653
West SL, Lok CE, Langsetmo L, Cheung AM, Szabo E, Pearce D et al (2015) Bone mineral density predicts fractures in chronic kidney disease. J Bone Miner Res 30(5):913–919
Yenchek RH, Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Bauer DC, Rianon NJ, Kritchevsky SB et al (2012) Bone mineral density and fracture risk in older individuals with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7(7):1130–1136
Bouillon R, Carmeliet G, Verlinden L, van Etten E, Verstuyf A, Luderer HF et al (2008) Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev 29(6):726–776
Lips P (2001) Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev 22(4):477–501
Heijboer AC, Blankenstein MA, Kema IP, Buijs MM (2012) Accuracy of 6 routine 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: influence of vitamin D binding protein concentration. Clin Chem 58(3):543–548
Barake M, Daher RT, Salti I, Cortas NK, Al-Shaar L, Habib RH et al (2012) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D assay variations and impact on clinical decision making. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:835–843
Binkley N, Sempos CT (2014) Standardizing vitamin D assays: the way forward. J Bone Miner Res 29(8):1709–1714
Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK et al (2011) The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(1):53–58
van Schoor NM, Knol DL, Deeg DJ, Peters FP, Heijboer AC, Lips P (2014) Longitudinal changes and seasonal variations in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in different age groups: results of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Osteoporos Int 25(5):1483–1491
Kuchuk NO, van Schoor NM, Pluijm SM, Chines A, Lips P (2009) Vitamin D status, parathyroid function, bone turnover, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Global perspective. J Bone Miner Res 24:693–701
Lips P, Netelenbos JC, Jongen MJ, van Ginkel FC, Althuis AL, van Schaik CL et al (1982) Histomorphometric profile and vitamin D status in patients with femoral neck fracture. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 4(2):85–93
Kuchuk NO, Pluijm SM, van Schoor NM, Looman CW, Smit JH, Lips P (2009) Relationships of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to bone mineral density and serum parathyroid hormone and markers of bone turnover in older persons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94(4):1244–1250
Ooms ME, Roos JC, Bezemer PD, van der Vijgh WJ, Bouter LM, Lips P (1995) Prevention of bone loss by vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: a randomized double-blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80(4):1052–1058
Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Bouter LM (1996) Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 124(4):400–406
Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S et al (1992) Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 327(23):1637–1642
Sanders KM, Stuart AL, Williamson EJ, Simpson JA, Kotowicz MA, Young D et al (2010) Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 303(18):1815–1822
Smith H, Anderson F, Raphael H, Maslin P, Crozier S, Cooper C (2007) Effect of annual intramuscular vitamin D on fracture risk in elderly men and women, a population-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rheumatology 46(12):1852–1857
Lips P, van Schoor NM (2011) The effect of vitamin D on bone and osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 25(4):585–591
Lips P, Gielen E, van Schoor NM (2014) Vitamin D supplements with or without calcium to prevent fractures. Bonekey Rep 3:512
Nigwekar SU, Bhan I, Thadhani R (2012) Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 60(1):139–156
Gonzalez EA, Sachdeva A, Oliver DA, Martin KJ (2004) Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney disease. A single center observational study. Am J Nephrol 24(5):503–510
Lee YH, Kim JE, Roh YH, Choi HR, Rhee Y, Kang DR et al (2014) The combination of vitamin D deficiency and mild to moderate chronic kidney disease is associated with low bone mineral density and deteriorated femoral microarchitecture: results from the KNHANES 2008–2011. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(10):3879–3888
Coen G, Mantella D, Manni M, Balducci A, Nofroni I, Sardella D et al (2005) 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone histomorphometry in hemodialysis renal osteodystrophy. Kidney Int 68(4):1840–1848
Kandula P, Dobre M, Schold JD, Schreiber MJ, Mehrotra R, Navaneethan SD (2011) Vitamin D supplementation in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:50–62