Public health decisions: Actions and consequences

Ackerman, 2007, The economics of atrazine, Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health., 13, 441, 10.1179/oeh.2007.13.4.437 Anderson, 1998, Profiles of Great Lakes critical pollutants: a sentinel analysis of human blood and urine, Environ. Health Perspect., 106, 279 Angle, 1991, If the tap water smells foul, think methyl- tert-butyl ether, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 266, 2985, 10.1001/jama.1991.03470210053025 Arsenault, R.D., 1976. Pentachlorophenol and Contained Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins in the Environment: A Study of Environmental Fate, Stability, and Significance When Used in Wood Preservation. Alexandria, VA: American Wood-Preservers Assoc. pp. 122–147. ATSDR, 2007. Toxicological Profile for Lead. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 2004. Toxicological Profile for Malathion. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 2003. Toxicological Profile for Atrazine. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 2002a. Toxicological Profile for DDT, DDE, DDD. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 2002b. Toxicological Profile for Wood Creosote, Coal Tar Creosote, Coal Tar, Coal Tar pitch, and Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013. ATSDR, 2001a. Toxicological Profile for .Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 2001b. Toxicological Profile for Pentachlorophenol. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 1996. Toxicological Profile for Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE). Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). ATSDR, 1995. Toxicological Profile for Automotive Gasoline. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles accessed June 2013). Blomquist, 2006, Defective reproductive organ morphology and function in domestic rooster embryonically exposed to o, p′-DDT or ethynyl estradiol, Biol. Reprod., 74, 481, 10.1095/biolreprod.105.045104 CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service), 2007. Registry Number and Substance Counts. Columbus OH: American Chemical Society. Available on the Internet at: www.cas.org/cgi-bin/cas/regreport.pl (accessed October 2007). Cain, W.S., Leaderer, B.P., Ginsbert, G.L. et al., 1994. Human Reactions to Brief Exposures to Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE). In: John, B. (Ed.) New Haven, CT: Pierce Laboratory. Chandler, B., Middaugh, J., 1992. Potential Illness Due to Exposure to Oxygenated Fuels, Anchorage, Alaska. Anchorage, AK: State of Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, December 23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2012. Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Updated Tables; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/ accessed March 2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2006, Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance—United States, 2003–2004, MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep., 55, 876 Cline, 1989, Pentachlorophenol measurements in body fluids of people in log homes and workplaces, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 18, 475, 10.1007/BF01055012 CBO (Congressional Budget Office), 2009. The Impact of Ethanol Use on Food Prices and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. www.cbo.gov/publication/41173. CDHS, 1987. Evaluation of hazards posed by the use of wood preservatives on playground equipment. State of California Department of Health Services (CDHS). Report to the Legislature. Chanon, 2003, Cooperative actions to achieve malaria control without the use of DDT, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 206, 387, 10.1078/1438-4639-00235 CMR, 1995. Chemical Profile: MTBE. Chemical Marketing Report (03.04.94). Davis, 2001, The paradoxes of MTBE, Toxicol. Sci., 61, 211, 10.1093/toxsci/61.2.211 2007, The end of cheap food, Econ., 385, 11 Encyclopedia of global change, 2001. Encyclopedia of Global Change: Environmental Change and Human Society. In: Goudie A.S. (Ed.), Hazardous Waste, Oxford University Press, NY, p. 579. EIA (Energy Information Administration), 2003. Status and Impact of State MTBE Bans (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/service/mtbe.pdf accessed November 2006). Elsevier (Elsevier Information Systems GmbH), 2007. CrossFire Beilstein Database Exceeds Ten Million Compounds. Press release, August 20th 2007. Available on the Internet at: (www.beilstein.com/PR_Beilstein%2010m_Final.pdf accessed October 2007). EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1997, Drinking Water Advisory: Consumer Acceptability Advice and Health Effects Analysis on Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MtBE) EPA-822-F-97-009. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2013. Atrazine Background. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/atrazine_background.htm. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2003. Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA): EPA Testimony on CCA Treated Wood (http://www.epa.gov/oppa001/reregistration/cca/ccatestimony1.htm accessed November 2006). EPA, 2002. The Grouping of a Series of Triazine Pesticides Based ON A Common Mechanism of Toxicity. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticides Programs. http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/cumulative/triazines/triazinescommonmech.pdf. EPA, 1999. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Science Chapter for the Re-registration Eligibility Decision Document for Penta (PC Code: 063001. Registration Case Number 2505). Washington, DC EPA, 2008. Pentachlorophenol Revised Risk Assessments; Notice of Availability and Solicitation for Risk Reduction Options. Fed. Reg 73 (74), 20638–20640. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1996a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 268, Appendix XI. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1996b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 745. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1986. Creosote, Pentachlorophenols, and Inorganic Arsenicals: Amendment of Notice of Intent to Cancel Registrations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Fed Reg 51, 1334–1348. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1984a. Notice of Intent to Cancel Registration of Pesticide Products Containing Creosote, Pentachlorophenol (Including its Salts), and the Inorganic Arsenical. 49 CAR 28666 (13.07.84). EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1984b. Wood preservative pesticides: creosote, pentachlorophenol, inorganic arsenicals. Position Document 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1972. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Consolidated DDT Hearings: Opinion and Order of the Administrator. Federal Register 37 (131), 13369. Feldman, 2001. Petition for Suspension and Cancellation of Pentachlorophenol. http://www.beyondpesticides.org/wood/Penta%20Petition.htm. Felton, 2003, The recycling potential of preservative treated wood, For. Prod. J., 46, 20 Ferreira, 1997, Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol: the Portugese situation, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 837, 291, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb56881.x Fernandez, L., Keller, A.A., 2001. Cost benefit analysis of MTBE and Alternative gasoline formulations. J. Environ. Sci. Pollut. 3, 173–188. Gallup, J.L., Sachs, J.D., 2001. The economic burden of malaria. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 64 (1/2), 85–96. Giddings J.C. (Ed.), 1973. Lead in gasoline. In: Chemistry, Man, and Environmental Change: An Integrated Approach. New York, NY: Harper & Row, Publishers Inc, pp. 351–353. Gilbert, C.E., Calabrese, E.J., 1992. Developing a standard for methyl butyl ether in drinking water. In: Gilbert, C.E., Calabrese, E.J. (Eds.), Regulating Drinking Water Quality. Lewis Publishers, 23l–252. Guillette, 1994, Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida, Environ. Health Perspect., 102, 680, 10.1289/ehp.94102680 Guimaraes, 2007, DDT reintroduction for malaria control: the cost-benefit debate for public health, Cad Saude Publica, 23, 2835, 10.1590/S0102-311X2007001200004 Hamlin, 2010, Birth defects in wildlife: the role of environmental contaminants as inducers of reproductive and developmental dysfunction, Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med., 56, 113, 10.3109/19396360903244598 Henningsson, 1983, Environmental protection and health risks in connection with the use of creosote, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 41, 471, 10.1007/BF02608108 Hileman, 2006, Malaria control, Chem. Eng. News, 84, 30, 10.1021/cen-v084n030.p030 IDRC (International Development Research Center), 1996. Statistics on Malaria (http://archve.idre.ca/books/reports/1996/01-07e.html accessed November 2006). IARC, 1985. Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds. Part 4. Bitumens, Coal-Tars and Derived Products, Shale Oils and Soots, vol. 35, Lyon, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, pp. 104–140. IRIS, 2008. Integrated Risk Information Systems. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst accessed November 2008). Ito, 2002, Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of malaria parasite, Nature, 417, 452, 10.1038/417452a Jones, 2009, Trends in blood lead levels and blood lead testing among US children aged 1 to 5 yeas, 1988–2004, Pediatrics, 123, e376, 10.1542/peds.2007-3608 Klingner, 1994, The application and significance of wipe samples, AIHA J. Short Commun., 251 Kolaja, 1977, Effects of DDT on eggshell quality and calcium adenosine triphosphatase, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 3, 699, 10.1080/15287397709529604 Leach, C.W., Weinert, J.J., 1976. A report to the Environmental Task Group, Sub-Group No. 5 (creosote) of the American Wood Preservers Institute. Lemire, 2004, Environmental exposure of commuters in Mexico City to volatile organic compounds as assessed by blood concentrations, 1998, Salud. Publica Med., 46, 32, 10.1590/S0036-36342004000100005 Malkin, 1996, 1-Hydroxypyrene levels in coal-handling workers at a coke oven, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 38, 1141, 10.1097/00043764-199611000-00014 Mannino, 1995, Human exposure to volatile organic compounds: a comparison of organic vapor monitoring badge levels with blood levels, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 67, 59, 10.1007/BF00383134 McGarity, 2004, MTBE: a precautionary tale, Harv. Environ. Law Rev., 28, 281 MFI (Malaria Foundation International), 2000. Our Campaign to Prevent a Ban of DDT for Malaria Control has been Successful (http://www.malaria.org/DDTpage.html accessed November 2006). Minelli, 1996, DDT and HCH residues in the blood serum of Malaria control sprayers, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 57, 691, 10.1007/s001289900245 Morrison, 2004, Pressure-treated wood: the new generation, Fine Homebuilding, 160, 82 Nájera, 2011, Some lessons for the future from the Global Malaria Eradication Programme (1955–1969), PLoS Med., 8, e1000412, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000412 NAS, 1972. Lead: Airborne Lead in Perspective: Biologic Effects Atmospheric Pollutants. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, pp. 71–177, 281–313. NTP, 2011. Report on carcinogens, twelfth ed. Summary. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, p. 195. Prah, 1994, Sensory symptomatic, inflammatory, and ocular responses to and the metabolism of methyl tertiary butyl ether in a controlled human exposure experiment, Inhal. Toxicol., 6, 521, 10.3109/08958379409003038 Rohter, L., 2006. With Big Boost from Sugarcane, Brazil is Satisfying its Fuel Needs (http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/10/world/americas/10brazil.html?pagewanted=1&sq=Bush%20Brazil%20ethanol&st=nyt&scp=5& r=0 accessed 12.07.14). Richie, 2002, Progress and challenges for malaria vaccines, Nature, 415, 694, 10.1038/415694a Roberts, 1997, DDT, global strategies and malaria control crisis in South America, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 3, 295, 10.3201/eid0303.970305 Seyferth, 2003, The rise and fall of tetraethyl lead. 2, Organometallics, 22, 5154, 10.1021/om030621b Squillace, 2002, VOCs, pesticides, nitrate, and their mixtures in groundwater used for drinking water in the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1923, 10.1021/es015591n Stilwell, 1997, Contamination of soil with copper, chromium, and arsenic under decks built from pressure treated wood, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 58, 22, 10.1007/s001289900295 SCPOP (Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants), 2001 (http://www.pops.int accessed November 2006). Thompson, 2006, Rural Cooperatives, 73, 19 Trembley, 2006, Chem. Eng. News, 84, 19, 10.1021/cen-v084n022.p019 USDA, 1980. The biologic and economic assessment of pentachlorophenol, inorganic arsenicals, creosote, vol. 1. Wood Preservatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Technical Bulletin No. 1658-1, pp. 193–227. Van Rooij, 1993, Effect of the reduction of skin contamination on the internal dose of creosote workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 19, 200, 10.5271/sjweh.1322 White, 1995, Exposure to methyl tertiary butyl ether from oxygenated gasoline in Stamford, Connecticut, Arch. Environ. Health, 50, 183, 10.1080/00039896.1995.9940385 WHO, 2006. WHO Gives Indoor Use of DDT a Clean Bill of Health for Controlling Malaria (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr50/en/ accessed June 2013). WHO, 2013. Malaria (http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/malaria/en/ accessed June 2013).